Ch. 40 Fluid, Electrolyte, Acid-Base Balance Prep U

A client admitted to the facility is diagnosed with metabolic alkalosis based on arterial blood gas values. When obtaining the client's history, which statement would the nurse interpret as a possible underlying cause?

"I've been taking antacids almost every 2 hours over the past several days."

The student nurse asks, "What is intravascular fluid?" What is the appropriate nursing response?

"Watery plasma, or serum, portion of blood."

The nurse is teaching a healthy adult client about adequate hydration. How much average daily intake does the nurse recommend?

2,500 mL/day

A physician has asked the nurse to use microdrip tubing to administer a prescribed dosage of IV solution to a client. What is the standard drop factor of microdrip tubing?

60 drops/mL

The nurse is planning to discontinue a peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) for a client who is prescribed warfarin therapy. Which intervention will individualize care for this client?

Apply pressure to insertion site for at least 3 minutes.

When caring for a client who is on intravenous therapy, the nurse observes that the client has developed redness, warmth, and discomfort along the vein. Which intervention should the nurse perform for this complication?

Restart infusion in another vein and apply a warm compress.

Which client is at a greater risk for fluid volume deficit related to the loss of total body fluid and extracellular fluid?

an infant age 4 months

A nurse who has diagnosed a client as having "fluid volume excess" related to compromised regulatory mechanism (kidneys) may have been alerted by what symptom?

distended neck veins

The nurse, along with a nursing student, is caring for Mrs. Roper, who was admitted with dehydration. The student asks the nurse where most of the body fluid is located. The nurse should answer with which fluid compartment?

intracellular

Mr. Jones is admitted to the nurse's unit from the emergency department with a diagnosis of hypocalcemia. His laboratory results show a serum calcium level of 8.2 mg/dL (2.05 mmol/L). For what assessment findings will the nurse be looking?

muscle cramping and tetany

A client sustained severe trauma in a motor vehicle accident and has had 26 units of packed red blood cells infused since admission 2 days previously. What does the nurse predict will be prescribed to replace the clotting factors lost with the infusion of large amounts of packed red blood cells?

plasma

A woman aged 58 years is suffering from food poisoning after eating at a local restaurant. She has had nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea for the past 12 hours. Her blood pressure is 88/50 and she is diaphoretic. She requires:

replacement of fluids for those lost from vomiting and diarrhea.

A home care nurse is visiting a client with renal failure who is on fluid restriction. The client tells the nurse, "I get thirsty very often. What might help?" What would the nurse include as a suggestion for this client?

Avoid salty or excessively sweet fluids.

The nurse is inserting a medication lock for a client receiving intermittent intravenous antibiotics. To prevent the locked intravenous catheter from becoming obstructed between uses, which action will the nurse take during this procedure?

Slowly remove the syringe before the fluid is completely instilled.

A client is taking a diuretic such as furosemide. When implementing client education, what information should be included?

decreased potassium levels

A nurse is assessing a client and suspects an ECF volume excess. Which finding would the nurse identify as being most significant?

weight gain of 0.75 kg in a day