Ch. 4.3-4 Quizlet (who, what, when, where, and why)
SEC 4
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Battle of Marathon
Who: It was fought between the citizens of Athens, aided by Plataea, and a Persian force commanded by Datis and Artaphernes, What: The first Persian invasion of Greece, When: 490 B.C. , Where: The battle waged on the Marathon plain of northeastern Attica, Why: To get revenge on Athens
Sparta (Spartans)
Who: All Spartans were grown to be warriors; What: Sparta was a warrior society in ancient Greece that reached the height of its power after defeating rival city-state Athens in the Peloponnesian War (431-404 B.C.). When: 431-404 B.C. ; Where: in south-eastern Peloponnese; Why: Spartan culture was centered on loyalty to the state and military service.
metics
Who: Any of the resident aliens, including freed slaves, What: a foreigner living in an ancient Greek city who had some of the privileges of citizenship When: Ancient Greece, Where: Metics were found in most states except Sparta, Why: A significant source of manpower and skilled labour, they constituted a large part of the population of Athens by the 5th century
Athens (Athenians)
Who: Athenians lived in Athens, Greece and they thrived on intelligence and culture, What: Classical civilization's intellectual and artistic ideas originated there, and the city is generally considered to be the birthplace of Western civilization When: Athens was governed until c.1000 B.C; Where: Athens is located in the southeastern corner of Greece, with the Aegean Sea to the northeast and the Mediterranean Sea to the southwest Why: They are important because much of our government is passed down from them ; democracy; as well as arts, math, physics
Attica
Who: Atticans lived there; What: Bordering the sea on the south and east, Attica attracted maritime trade, When: controlled by myceans during 7th century. Where: ancient district of east-central Greece Why: Bordering the sea on the south and east; had much power
constitution
Who: Author was Aristotle, What: The Constitution of the Athenians or the Athenian Constitution refers to two texts from Classical antiquity: one probably by Aristotle or a student of his, the second attributed to Xenophon, but not thought to be his work, When: late 4th century Where: Athens Why: Ancient Greek law consists of the laws and legal institutions of Ancient Greece
rhetoric
Who: Boys of Athens would learn to do this, What: Rhetoric is the art of discourse, an art that aims to improve the capability of writers or speakers to inform, most likely to persuade, or motivate particular audiences in specific situations, When:Ancient Athens, Where: Athens, Why: So they could speak well in government if they were elected from the ballot
Parthenon
Who: Built by Athenians, What: The Parthenon is a former temple, on the Athenian Acropolis, Greece, dedicated to the goddess Athena, whom the people of Athens considered their patron, When: 447 BC, Where: Athens, Greece, Why:and it was dedicated to the city's patron deity Athena
Cleisthenes
Who: Cleisthenes was a noble Athenian of the Alcmaeonid family, What: He is credited with reforming the constitution of ancient Athens and setting it on a democratic footing, When: in 508/7 BC, Where: Athens, Why: Perhaps his most important innovation was the basing of individual political responsibility on citizenship of a place rather than on membership in a clan
Darius I
Who: Darius I was the third king of the Persian Achaemenid Empire, What: king of Persia in 522-486 bc, one of the greatest rulers of the Achaemenid dynasty, When: (born 550 bc—died 486), Where: Persian Empire, Why: noted for his administrative genius and for his great building projects
Draconian
Who: Draco was named after this word, What: (of laws or their application) excessively harsh and severe, When: Made after the rule of Draco, Where: It came from Athens Greece, Why: Draconian is an adjective meaning great severity, that derives from Draco, an Athenian law scribe under whom small offenses had heavy punishments
Draco
Who: Draco was the first recorded legislator of Athens in Ancient Greece, What: He replaced the prevailing system of oral law and blood feud by a written code to be enforced only by a court, When: 7th century BC, Where: Athens Why: He was known as a vicious ruler
helots
Who: Enslaved by spartans; What: state-owned serf of the ancient Spartans, When: 8th century bc Where: probably the original inhabitants of Laconia (the area around the Spartan capital) Why: "Its inhabitants became the first slaves of the Lacedaemonian state, and were the first to be called helots"
Council of Elders
Who: Gerousia, in ancient Sparta, a council of elders, one of the two chief organs of the Spartan state, the other being the apella (assembly). What: The gerousia prepared business to be submitted to the apella and had extensive judicial powers, being the only Spartan court that could pronounce sentence of death or exil, When: the 7th century bc. Where: Sparta, Why: They were an important asset to the Spartan Government
Leonidas
Who: Leonidas I, was a warrior king of the Greek city-state of Sparta, What: , the third son of Anaxandridas II of Sparta and the 17th of the Agiad line; a dynasty which claimed descent from the mythological demigod Heracles., When: 540 BC- 480 BC, Where: Raised in Sparta Greece, Why: Leonidas and his hand picked 300 held off the Persian army at the Battle of Thermopylae
Lycurgus
Who: Lycurgus was the legendary lawgiver of Sparta who established the military-oriented reformation of Spartan society, What: Lycurgus devised the highly militarized communal system that made Sparta unique among the city-states of Greece, When: 800 BC Where: Sparta , Why : He was important because he created the military aspect of Sparta
Golden Age
Who: Many philosophers, artists, etc contrubuted to the golden age, What: has given us the great monuments, art, philosophy, architecture and literature which are the building blocks of our own civilization, When: 5th century BCE., Where: City States of Greece, Why: The Classical Period or Golden Age of Greece, from around 500 to 300 BC, has given us the great monuments, art, philosophy, architecture and literature which are the building blocks of our own civilization
Symposium
Who: Only Male Greeks participated, What: Greek males gathered to drink, eat and sing together, When: 7th century BCE , Where: Greek- City- States, Why: Various topics were also discussed such as philosophy, politics, poetry and the issues of the day. The symposium is widely referenced in Greek literature, theatre and the visual arts, particularly pottery decoration
ostracism
Who: People of Greece did this, What: (in ancient Greece) temporary banishment from a city by popular vote When: 1580s???? Where: Athens, Greece, Why: So people could have a choice in who is there leader , and so the leader does a better job
Pericles
Who: Pericles was a prominent and influential Greek statesman, What: orator and general of Athens during the Golden Age—specifically the time between the Persian and Peloponnesian wars, When: (495-429 B.C.), Where: Athens, Why: The so-called golden age of Athenian culture flourished under the leadership of Pericles
Persia
Who: Persians lived in Persia, What: historic region of southwestern Asia associated with the area that is now modern Iran, When: established 550 BC, Where: The Persian Empire is any of a series of imperial dynasties centered in Persia (modern-day Iran). Why: The Persians did not create the first empire in history, but they created one of the first and largest
Solon
Who: Solon was an Athenian statesman, lawmaker, and poet, What: He is remembered particularly for his efforts to legislate against political, economic, and moral decline in archaic Athens, When: 640 BC, Where: Athens, Greece; Why: Greek statesman and poet Solon is considered one of the Seven Wise Men of Greece because of his contribution to Athenian democracy.
Peloponnesus
Who: Spartans live here; What: Peloponnesus is a peninsula and geographic region in southern Greece; When: Inhabited since prehistoric times Where: The Peloponnese is a large peninsula linked to the northern territory of Greece, Why: THE PELOPONNESE CITY-STATES EFFECTIVELY COMBINED FOR MAJOR CONFLICTS, NOTABLY IN THE PELOPONNESIAN WAR OF 431-404 BCE
Thermopylae
Who: The Battle of Thermopylae was fought between an alliance of Greek city-states, What: The battle of Thermopylae was the first between the Persians and Greeks during the Persian invasion, When: 480-479 BC., Where: Thermopylae is a mountain pass near the sea in northern Greece which was the site of several battles in antiquity, Why: The Greek force was very small but was determined to make a stand against the huge Persian army.
Themistocles
Who: Themistocles was an Athenian politician and general, What: e was one of a new breed of non-aristocratic politicians who rose to prominence in the early years of the Athenian democracy, When: 524- 459B.C, Where: Athens, Why: ADVOCACY OF A LARGE NAVY
Peloponnesian War
Who: fought by Athens and its empire against the Peloponnesian League, What: The Peloponnesian War was an ancient Greek war fought by Athens and its empire against the Peloponnesian League led by Sparta, When: April 25, 431 BC - 404 BC, Where: fought in Sicily, Ancient Greece, Why: The reasons for this war are sometimes traced back as far as the democratic reforms of Cleisthenes, which Sparta always opposed
Persian Wars
Who: fought by Greek city States, What: a series of wars fought by Greek states and Persia over a period of almost half a century, When: 492-449 bce, Where: fought all over the Greek city states, Why: Revenge over not following the treaty
Delian League
Who: members numbering between 150 173, to 330 under the leadership of Athens, What: whose purpose was to continue fighting the Persian Empire after the Greek victory in the Battle of Plataea at the end of the Second Persian invasion of Greece, When: founded in 477 BC, Where: Greek city-states, Why:he Delian League was a coalition of Greek cities, lead by the city of Athens
Battle of Salamis
Who: ought between an alliance of Greek city-states under Themistocles and the Persian Empire, What: The Battle of Salamis was a naval battle between the Greek city-states and Persia, fought in September, 480 BC in the straits between Piraeus and Salamis, a small island in the Saronic Gulf near Athens, Greece., When: September 480 BC, Where: Salamis, Why: Persians were trying to conquer athens
Peisistratus
Who: tyrant of ancient Athens whose unification of Attica and consolidation What:rapid improvement of Athens' prosperity helped to make possible the city's later preeminence in Greece, When: 6th century bc, Where: Athens Greece, Why: Nonetheless, the religious and patriotic unification of Athens had made great progress during Peisistratus' calm, even rule. As Aristotle reports, it became a common saying that the tyranny of Peisistratus had been the age of Cronus, the golden age.
Xerxes
Who: was the fourth king of kings of the Achaemenid dynasty of Persia, What: He is best known for his massive invasion of Greece from across the Hellespont When:reigned 486- 465 B., Where: Persia, Why: Xerxes (reigned 486-465 B.C.), a king of Persia, made an unsuccessful effort to conquer Greece in 480-479, suffering a major naval defeat at the Battle of Salamis.
perioikoi
Who: were the members of an autonomous group of free but non-citizen inhabitants of Sparta; What: he Periokoi or "dwellers around," were free men of Sparta, mainly farmers and merchants who lacked the full citizenship of the Spartiates; When: 8th Century?? , Where: Sparta; Why: The Perioikoi also operated many of Sparta's trade and craft businesses because the Spartan's military devotion prohibited such jobs. The Perioikoi could create villages that could be governed separately
Aspasia
Who:Partner of the statesman Pericles, What: Aspasia was an influential immigrant to Classical-era Athens who was the lover and partner of the statesman Pericles, When: 470 BC-400 BC, Where: Athens, Greece, Why: she was a woman of formidable intelligence and eloquence who influenced many of the important writers, thinkers, and statesmen of her time
