Ch 4/5 Quiz

You have a 2-kg bottle of liquid water at 0 degrees C. About how many calories are needed to heat up the water to 100 degrees C?

200 Calories

Humans convert approximately ______ of the energy stored in food into useful work.

34%

What compound directly provides energy for cellular work?

ATP

(Fossil scenario) What evidence suggests that mitochondria might have evolved before chloroplasts?

Almost all eukaryotes have mitochondria but only some cells have chloroplasts

Which theory states that all living things are composed of cells?

Cell theory

Which organelle is responsible for photosynthesis?

Chloroplast

(Fossil scenario) Which of the following is a characteristic of chloroplasts that suggests that they might have evolved from free-living bacteria?

Chloroplasts have their own DNA

Enzymes increase the rate of reaction by ______.

Decreasing activation energy

If a cell's lysosomes burst, the cell would ______.

Digest itself

______ store the information necessary to produce proteins.

Genes

When mixed with water, phospholipids spontaneously form membranes because they ______.

Have hydrophilic phosphate groups that are attracted to water and have hydrophobia fatty acid tails that avoid water

One difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells is that eukaryotic cells ______ prokaryotic cells.

Have membrane enclosed structures called organelles, which are lacking in

An object at rest has no ______ energy, but it may have ______ energy resulting from its location or structure.

Kinetic, potential

Based on its function in detoxifying drugs, you would expect to find a large amount of smooth ER in ______ cells.

Liver

The sum total of all the chemical reactions that occur in organisms is called ______.

Metabolism

Where does protein synthesis take place?

On ribosomes

The act of a white blood cell engulfing a bacterium is ______.

Phagocytosis

You find a type of cell you have never seen before. The cell has both a nucleus and a cell wall. Therefore you conclude that it must be a ______ cell.

Plant

Diffusion ______.

Proceeds until equilibrium is reached

Which of the following is a function of the plasma membrane?

Regulate the traffic of chemicals in and out of the cell

An enzyme's function is dependent on it's ______.

Shape

Cellular respiration can be described as the conversion of the energy ______.

Stored in food molecules to energy stored in food

Which component of the following reaction is the enzyme? sucrose+sucrase+water--->sucrase+glucose+fructose

Sucrase

Similar to the nucleus, chloroplasts and mitochondria are ______.

Surrounded by two membranes

Tobacco smokers (and those exposed to tobacco smoke) are at greater risk of an ectopic (tubal) pregnancy. Based on your understanding of the structures of the cytoskeleton, what is the best explanation?

Tobacco interferes with the sweeping motion of cilia that aids in the movement of the egg towards the uterus

Active transport ______.

Uses ATP as an energy source, can move solutes against their concentration gradient, can involve the transport of ions (All of the above)