Ch 5. Civil Rights
How many states had ratified the nineteenth amendment one year after its passage?
36
According to today's statistics, what percent of the U.S. Population is Asian descent?
5 percent
Which policy requires the federal government to begin implementing measures aimed at reinforcing equal access to employment by mandating recruitment procedures that gave qualified minority workers an equal opportunity to gain government jobs?
Affirmative action.
Among the laws given women greater equality in the workplace were laws prohibiting
An employer from paying women less than men for doing the same job.
Which part of the world today are knowing for higher rates of women and children being forces into slavery in prostitution rights?
Asia and the former Soviet Union
Which of the following was not included in the provisions of the civil rights act of 1964?
Banning poll taxes and literacy tests.
What event garnered national attention for Martin Luther king jr. And led to a decisive Supreme Court case?
Bus boycott
Which of the following groups amount Asian Americans have the highest median income compared with the population as a whole?
Chinese Americans
In the 1800s, what limitations were faced by women who graduated from college and aspired to a career?
Choosing a career meant giving up the possibility of marriage, and career choices were largely limited to teaching, nursing, social, or missionary work.
Which of the following assertions resulted from the courts decision in Dred Scott v. Sanford?
Citizens not slaves had the legal right to bring lawsuit in court, Scott was not a citizen, and public opinion turned in favor of a war to bring about emancipation.
Which term refers to the rights and privileges guaranteed to all citizens under the equal protection and due process clauses of the fifth and fourteenth amendment?
Civil rights
Which law passed by congress and also known as the Anti ku klux klan act, made it a federal crime to deprive individuals of their rights, privileges, and immunities?
Civil rights act of 1872
What did the Supreme Court determine in the civil rights cases of 1883?
Congress jurisdiction was limited to banning discrimination in official acts or local governments, and individuals and organizations.
Which of the following declarations listed many rights and opportunities that law did not gaur enter women, including the right to vote, and educational and employment opportunities equal to those of white men?
Declaration of sentiments
Which practices were banned as a result of the civil rights act of 1968?
Discriminatory real estate practices such as steering African American families to certain neighborhoods, discriminatory practices in housing and mortgage lending
With what issue were the third wave of women's rights movement concerned with?
Economic
Affirmative action policies have been used be ____ to expand opportunities for women and minority group members.
Employers and educational institutions
The VII of the civil rights act of 1964 mandated equality in which of the following areas?
Employment
What were the results of the Mexican American legal defense and education fund (MALDEF)?
Equal access to education, increased Hispanic voter registration and turnout, and continued struggle for laws that provide due process and equal protection.
What government body did title VII of the civil rights act of 1964 create that still administers the enforcement of title VII today?
Equal employment opportunity commission
Which clause of the U.S. Constitution was at the center of the argument in Brown v. Board of education of Topeka?
Equal protection clause
Americans with disability act
Extended the ban on discrimination against white people with disabilities in educations, health care, housing and transportation to all programs and organizations.
True or false: advocates for the rights of lgbt persons successfully achieved their goals that led to federal law that prohibits lgbt based discrimination.
False.
In 1850, which laws required federal marshals to return runaway slaves or risk a $1000 fine?
Fugitive slave act
According to Chief Justice Roberts, which of the following was the de facto imbalances argument?
Government should not use laws to remedy racial imbalances caused by economic inequalities, individual choices, and historical biases.
Which Tyler of crime is one committees against person, property, or society as a whole, where the offender is motivated by his or her bias against victim because of race, religions, disability, sexual orientation, or ethnicity?
Hate crime
The ___ scrutiny test for sex based discrimination was established by the Supreme Court in Craig v. Boren in 1976.
Heightened
The legality of sex-based discrimination cases is determined by which tests?
Heightened scrutiny test, and ordinary and rational basis test.
Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgendered citizens have organized for equal rights provisions in which of he following areas?
Housing, employment, and marriage.
What did president Lincoln's emancipation proclamation accomplish?
I abolished slavery in the states that had seceded from the union, and it prevented Britain and France from intervening in the civil was on the southern side.
Most African Americans today are the descendants of Africans who were forcibly brought to the new world beginning in 1619, when twenty Africans arrived in Jamestown as chattel slaves an _____ servants, workers with a fixed term of service.
Indentured
Which act ensured that native Americans would have full protection of the bill of rights, but lacked an enforcement mechanism?
Indian civil rights act
Which of the following is the earliest group that actively campaigned for full suffrage for native peoples?
Indian rights association
What did the voting rights of 1965 seek to rectify?
It banned discriminatory voter registration practices, it mandated federal intervention in any county in which less than 50% of eligible voters were registered.
Which of the following was the first result of the 1968 walkout staged by Mexican American high school students in east Angeles to protest such issues as lack of bilingual education and the high school dropout rates amount Latinos?
It did not led to many immediate changes in the school system.
What was the purpose of the American civil rights institute (ACRI)?
It led the battle against affirmative action in admissions and employment procedures.
Following the Brown decision, how did federal justice system enforce racial integration in school systems nationwide?
It left it to local officials to determine how to achieve desegregated system.
Which of the following groups enforced the laws that prevented African Americans from exercising their right to vote?
Ku Klux Klan, government agents, law enforcement officers.
Which groups were formed to advocate for full recognition of the civil rights of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgendered citizens?
Lambda legal and national gay and lesbian task force.
Which 2003 Supreme Court decision overturned an earlier case in which it had upheld Georgia's antisodomy law?
Lawrence v. Texas
In the post reconstruction south, what tactics were used to prevent African Americans from exercised their right to vote?
Literacy tests that were designed to be more difficult for African Americans, grandfather clauses that exempted white voters from literacy tests or poll taxes, poll taxes, or fees, required for voting, whites only primaries to select party nominees.
Which of the following are examples of unequal treatment in U.S. History?
Many Arab and Arab Americans were detained in prisons without criminal due process protection after the attacks of 9/11, African Americans were enslaved in the south and denied basic civil rights, and women were not granted the right to vote until 1920.
Which of the following individuals propelled the civil rights movement into the national stage?
Martin Luther king jr and rosa parks
What important discriminatory issues were women raising by the 1960s?
Men had more educational opportunities, women were unable to obtain credit without have a male consign on the loan, and men had better employment opportunities and high pay.
Which federal case challenged the segregated school systems in California, which provides Mexican children with separate schools that were lower quality than the schools for white children?
Mendez v. Westminster
When did most of the momentous victories by civil rights activists finally begin?
Mid-twentieth century
Which Supreme Court case decreed that state governments, not the U.S. Constitution established voting rights?
Minor v. Happersett
Which state granted women property owners the right to vote for a period following the war for independence but rescinded it in response to lobbying by politicians and professional men?
New Jersey
In 1971, using the ___ scrutiny test established in the 1873 Bradwell case, the court ruled that discriminatory treatment of women was unconstitutional.
Ordinary
What is at the heart of many civil rights struggles for equality in America?
People strongly disagree about what "equal treatment" requires.
Opponent of civil rights for lgbt persons in Colorado
Placed on the ballot a proposed law that would prohibit all branches of the state government from adopting any law making it illegal to discriminate against lgbt people
What were the result of the Japanese American citizens leagues struggle for the citizens who were interned during world war 2?
President Reagan signed a bill providing $1.2 billion in reparations and congress replaced a section of the 1950 internal security act.
1973 rehabilitation act
Prohibited discrimination against people with disabilities in federally funded programs.
Which of the following characteristics are considered suspect classifications and are assumed to be illegitimate?
Religion, national origin, and race.
The inauguration of which president ended the reconstruction era and opened the way for the implementation of Jim Crow laws throughout the south?
Rutherford b. Hayes
In the 1903s, the NAACP argued that states had violated the equal protection clause by failing to make what available to African Americans?
Schools
In plessy v. Ferguson, the Supreme Court declared that ____ but equal facilities do not violate the fourteenth amendment equal protection clause.
Separate
At the time that U.S. Constitution was adopted, how did some states continue to permit persons of African American descent to be enslaved?
Some of the most important provisions of the new federal constitution treated enclaves African Americans as property.
Which term refers to the distinctions based on race, religion, national origin, and gender that are assumed to be illegitimate or discriminatory?
Suspect classifications
To negate the black codes and remedy southern resistance after the civil war, congress passed a series of laws that included which of the following?
The civil rights act of 1866
Which of the following did proponent of the equal rights amendment (ERA) argue regarding the strict scrutiny test?
The constitution should be amended to explicitly guarantee equality of rights under the law regardless of sex, and the test should be used in sex based discrimination cases.
How did the Supreme Court rule in Fred Scott v. Sanford?
The court rejected Scott's claim and ruled the Missouri comprise unconstitutional
Which of the following was stated by the 1996 national defense of marriage act?
The federal government does not recognize same sex marriages or civil unions legalized by any state.
While most Americans agree that government should not treat people differently based on race, national origin, or gender, people disagree about whether or not
The list should also include disability and sexual orientation, and if the government should prohibit discriminatory behavior by private individuals.
Why do so many employers violate the equal employment rights of Latinos citizens?
They assume they are undocumented immigrants.
Before the civil war, which of the following efforts were made by the abolitionists, including organizations like the American anti slavery society?
They called for emancipation of all slaves, they objected of the efforts of congress to accommodate the slaveholding states, and they supported the Underground Railroad.
Which figure is an accurate representation of Latinos in the United States as of 2006?
They made up about 15% of the total population.
Before the civil war, which of the following efforts were made by ghe abolitionists, including organizations like the american anti-slavery society?
They supported the underground railroad, they called for the emancipation of all slaves, they objectified to the efforts of congress to accommodate the slaveholding states.
Which amendment outlawed slavery in 1865?
Thirteenth amendment
True or false: Mendez v. Westminster, in which federal court ruled that school segregation in California that sent Mexican children to separate schools from white children was unconstitutional, came before the landmark segregation case Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka
True
True or false: as a result of the civil rights movement, today all southern states have among the highest number of African American elected officials.
True
True or false: until 1971, Latinos were not legally considered a racial minority group.
True
By 2010, which states or territories allowed same-sex couples to marry?
Vermont, Connecticut, District of Columbia, Iowa, and Massachusetts.
Which of the following best exemplifies the profound impact of the civil rights movement?
Voting rights, education employment, and housing.
The experience of multiple form of oppression at the same time is referred to as
intersectionality