Ch 5 Communicating Your Messages Visually

Which of the following are the most suited for using visuals?

-Complex information -Facts -Difficult information

Pull quotes are useful for which of the following?

-Emphasizing key points in the text -Displaying information that does not lend itself to charts or tables -Breaking up visual uniformity

How would you accurately describe organizational charts, flowcharts, and decision trees?

-Flowcharts use designs and symbols to convey information. -A flowchart shows the steps in a process. -A decision tree can be a variation of a flowchart.

What are characteristics of a serif font?

-It has tails and feet. -It makes the breaks between words more obvious in printed text. -It has letters that appear connected to each other.

Which of the following are recommendations for creating a useful and easy-to-read pictograph?

-Pictures should be related to the information being illustrated. -All pictures units should be equal in size.

Which of the following are accomplished by a good layout?

-Readers can understand the message. -Readers can easily find the main points.

How are visuals used in an increasingly media-rich society?

-Visual literacy allows people to communicate effectively. -Millions of people access visual information each day on sites such as Flickr and YouTube. -Visual literacy helps people to communicate efficiently.

What features make a website more accessible for people who have impaired vision?

-link to a text-only version of the site -use a period at the end of each item in a list -format headings as HTML tags rather than by manually applying attributes

What is the standard margin on a business document?

1 inch

Which of the following visual elements should be numbered?

Charts, maps, or graphs in a document with multiple visuals

Which of the following are particularly helpful in comparing and distinguishing data in a visual?

Color Cross-hatching

Which of the following are best suited for comparing qualities or comparing quantities?

Column charts Bar charts

Which of the following factors determine the appropriate size of a visual?

Contents Importance

Which of the following visuals help readers to decide the next step in a process?

Decision trees Flow charts

In choosing colors for a business document, which of the following should be among your first considerations?

Does my company style guide define or limit my choices?

Which of the following refers to the amount of white space on a page?

External spacing

You just opened a new webpage, skimmed the text across the top of the webpage twice, and then read vertically down the left side of the page. What method did you use?

F-pattern

True or false: Backgrounds should be the same color as the surrounding text or data.

False

True or false: visual elements are much less effective at communicating a message than written or spoken words.

False

rue or false: Three-dimensional visuals are ideal for illustrating data with two variables.

False

True or false: All visuals communicate through visual elements, such as charts and graphs. True false question.

False **Recall that visuals fall into two general categories: those that communicate through visual elements and those the communicate through textual content.

Sans Serif fonts:

Fonts that do not have a tail, or stroke, at the end of some characters, and are commonly used in headlines. Arial, Calibri

Serif fonts:

Fonts that have a tail, or stroke, at the end of some characters. Times New Roman, Cambria

Which of the following should usually be placed below visuals?

Footnotes Sources Descriptions **title above

Which method of laying out text divides a document into a grid, or quadrants (quarter-sections)?

Gutenberg diagram

What is the difference between search engine optimization and HTML code?

HTML code is a language used in the process of search engine optimization.

Which of the following elements appear in a table?

Heads Columns Rows

Which of the following strategies is most likely to help a site appear as a top result of a web search?

Researching key words used by consumers

You are designing a brochure for customers in Japan. Which of the following will help you convey your meaning?

Researching the significance of colors in Japanese culture

Why might two fonts with the same point size appear to be different sizes?

Sans serif fonts tend to look larger than serif fonts.

Natasha passed out copies of her report and began reviewing the pie chart that showed how expenses were allocated to different categories. Several attendees spoke out that they could not tell the difference between the colors of each segment on the chart and one said he was color blind. What could Natasha have done to prevent this problem?

Shade segments with different colors in different ways

What is the main use of combination charts?

Showing relationships among different types of data

Which of the following is the ideal method for arranging slices in a pie chart?

Starting at 12 o'clock, arrange the slices clockwise from largest to smallest.

Which of the following is the main assumption behind the Z-pattern for page layout?

That the eye moves across the top and bottom of documents and diagonally in between

What is the distinguishing characteristic of a serif font?

The presence of tails and feet

Why are readers of online material said to follow an F-pattern of reading?

They generally skim the text across the top of a webpage twice and then read vertically down the left side of the page.

You are writing a formal letter to a conservative business client. Which font would be the safest choice?

Times New Roman

What is the main purpose of using repetition in document design?

To help readers navigate your document

Which of the following best describes the design purpose of a grid?

To help with placing elements

True or false: White space increases the readability of documents. True false question.

True

A series of points set off by small dots is known as a(n) ______ list.

bulleted

A brief description of a visual intended to help the reader understand the data is known as a(n)

caption

Using two serif fonts on the same page will likely ______.

cause the fonts to compete with each other

A chart in which the quantities of various items are indicated by vertical lines arranged on a grid is called a

column chart

Using a light text on a dark background is an example of ______.

contrast

Rules are most useful for _____

distinguishing between different elements in a single visual

A special explanation or elaboration of an illustration that is indicated by a superscript number or symbol is known as a ______.

footnote

The primary purpose of clip art is to ______.

help the reader understand the content of a message

One way to make a site more accessible for visually impaired visitors is to ______.

include audio files as well as text

A grid layout is most useful when the document ______.

includes both text and visuals

The recommended form of organization for online content is a(n) ______.

inverted pyramid

Visuals that are ______ may require a full page, appendix, or attachment.

large and complex

The most appropriate visual for showing trends or changes over time is the ______.

line chart

Contrast means using visual elements to ______.

make information more legible

The phrase "the ideal document is framed like a picture" describes the appropriate use of ______.

margins

A photograph that is in the public domain is ______.

not restricted for use under copyright law

A series of steps that must be performed sequentially would best be displayed in a(n) ___

numbered list

A series of steps that must be performed sequentially would best be displayed in a(n) _____

numbered list

A border should always be added to a visual when it ______.

occupies less than a full page

A bar chart made up of icons of the items being compared is known as a ______.

pictograph

A chart in which the whole is represented by a circle and each subdivision is represented by a proportionately sized wedge is known as a ______.

pie chart

The colors from which all other colors originate are known as ______.

primary colors

The idea that similar elements should be placed together is known as ______.

proximity

A key phrase or sentence that is offset from the regular text through larger font sizes and different colors or typefaces is called a ______.

pull quote

Using consistent formatting for headings in a report is an example of ______.

repetition

Color is used in business documents to ensure contrast and ______.

repitition

A chart in which paired values are plotted on X- and Y-axes without a connecting line is called a ______.

scatter diagram

According to the proximity principle, visual elements that are dissimilar should be ______.

separated by space or other means

To increase readability in printed documents, which of the following fonts should you use?

serif

The most appropriate visual for illustrating complex data across a geographic area is a ______.

statistical map

The look of a type, such as bold or italic letters, is known as its ______. Multiple choice question.

style

An orderly arrangement of information in rows and columns is known as a ______.

table

A presentation featuring many visual types may be divided into ______ for numbering purposes.

tables and figures

A portrait orientation is most appropriate for visuals that are ______.

tall

If you want to achieve contrast, repetition, alignment, or proximity in a document, you should focus on the

text layout

The name given to a visual is known as the visual's ______.

title

True or false: Understanding who is visiting your website can help you make decisions about style and content.

true

One difference between print and online texts is that online texts are often ______

viewed on small screens

Delivering a message through the use of charts, diagrams, and other illustrations is known as ______.

visual rhetoric

When considering using visuals, your planning should largely be guided by ______.

your business and communication goals

primary colors?

Red, Yellow, and Blue.

Which of the following types of visuals would require a landscape orientation?

-A table with many columns -A bar chart covering a wide time frame

Which of the following are objectives for which a statistical map would be a good choice?

-Analyzing differences in the poverty rates of different counties in a state -Comparing average income levels across the United States

How is the point size of a font determined?

By the height of the letter x

Which of the following are improved by the use of color or cross-hatching in a visual?

Attractiveness Retention Comprehension

Which of the following design guidelines applies only to digital texts?

Avoid underlining

Which of the following visual elements should be tested with an audience before being used in a cross-cultural presentation?

Background images

Which of the following is a good guideline for choosing fonts?

It is best to limit yourself to no more than two fonts per document.

Why is alignment an important element of document design?

It makes your page design appear deliberate.

Which of the following are examples of textual visuals?

Process charts Pull quotes Tables

Which statement describes a design consideration that applies only to digital texts?

Readers may see documents in a variety of sizes.

How do images and text convey information?

Visuals can be mentally processed more quickly than text.

In a line chart, quantity changes should be charted on the ______.

Y-axis

A series of data points on a scatter diagram that are tightly clustered in a straight line indicate ______.

a strong relationship between the values on the X- and Y-axes

Placing elements on the page in a way that appears intentional is known as ______.

alignment

Which of the following is a basic principle of document design?

alignment

Carlos has designed a flier to announce a staff softball team. When he prints it, he notices that the document looks cluttered and confusing, with too much text and too little white space. Carlos should review the guidelines for ______.

alignment and contrast

Which of the following is a traditional font for business documents?

arial

When organizing online text, writers should ______.

begin with the main point

In cases where a visual requires both a caption and a footnote, the footnote should be placed ______. Multiple choice question.

below both the visual and the caption