Ch 5 Pre Test

What did the policy of "Don't ask, Don't tell" concern?

"Don't ask, don't tell" concerned allowing gays and lesbians to serve in the military as long as they did not openly proclaim their sexual orientation or engage in homosexual activity.

What two forms of sexual harassment are generally recognized by the Supreme Court?

"quid pro quo" and "hostile environment"

What did the 13th amendment do?

It abolished slavery.

What is drawing voting districts so that one group or party is advantaged called?

It is called gerrymandering.

What was the Franklin v. Gwinnett County Public Schools case?

It was that violations of Title IX of the 1972 Education Act could be remedied with monetary damages, schools were forced to take seriously the issue of sexual harassment.

What was the Seneca Falls Convention?

It was the convention that wrote and debated the Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions.

What is legal segregation called?

Legal segregation is called de jure segregation.

What was the Supreme Court's ruling in Brown v. Board of Education?

Racially segregated schools can never be equal and therefore the "separate but equal" clause violates the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.

Under the equal protection clause, what level of scrutiny would most likely be applied to a federal regulatory scheme such as motor vehicle licensing?

Rational basis.

Define Civil Rights

Rules governing who may participate in the political process and regulating the ways in which the government may or may not treat its citizens.

Did the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 do?

The Americans with disabilities Act of 1990 guarantees equal employment rights and access to public businesses for the disabled.

What did the Civil Rights Act of 1875 attempt to do?

The Civil Rights Act of 1875 attempted to protect African Americans from discrimination in public accommodations such as hotels and theaters.

What was the most important piece of legislation passed by Congress fostering equal opportunity in the United States?

The Civil Rights Act of 1964 was the most important piece of legislation passed by Congress concerning equal rights.

In 1967, what did the Supreme Court rule in Loving v. Virginia?

The Supreme Court ruled in the 1967 Loving v. Virginia case that state laws barring interracial marriage are unconstitutional.

What is the practice of financial institutions refusing to lend money for housing mortgages for entire neighborhoods called?

It is called redlining.

In what way did the Supreme Court begin to indicate it was changing its position on racial discrimination prior to World War II?

It was stricter about the criterion of equal facilities in the "separate but equal" rule.

What was the pupil placement strategy designed to do?

The pupil placement strategy was designed to put the burden of transferring to an all-white school on the nonwhite children and their parents, making it almost impossible for a court order to help with integration.

What is the practice of restrictive covenants?

The seller of a home adding a clause to the sales contract that requires the buyer to agree not to sell the home later to an African American, a Jew, etc.

Beginning in 1896 and lasting through the mid-twentieth century, the Supreme Court interpreted the Fourteenth Amendment's equal protection clause to...what?

The supreme court interpreted the Fourteenth Amendment's equal protection clause to permit a system of segregated social facilities.

In Grutter v. Bollinger, what ruling did the Supreme Court make about the use of affirmative action in university admissions?

The university could consider minority status as a plus factor in admissions.

When is the Doctrine of Intermediate Scrutiny used?

This doctrine is used when hearing gender-related discrimination cases.

What was part of 1964 Civil Rights Act?

authorization of the executive branch to implement federal court orders to desegregate schools

Which strategies for improving civil rights was favored by the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)?

litigation through the courts