ch 6

3 levels of autobiographical memory

Life time periods Event-specific knowledge General events

When _______ is extensive, the person has attempted to make the to-be-remembered information meaningful and has engaged in detailed processing.

elaboration

According to levels of processing, the process of _____ involves three levels.

encoding

Sensory memory

holds information from the world in its original form for only a brief moment in time?

Short-term memory

is a limited-capacity memory system in which information is usually retained for less than a minute unless strategies are used to retain it longer.

Alzheimer's disease

is a progressive, irreversible brain disorder that is characterized by gradual deterioration of memory, reasoning, language, and eventually physical functioning.

Memory

is defined as the retention of information or experience over time.

Ellen tried to remember her grocery list, but she was only able to remember eggs and butter (which were listed at the top) and juice and cereal (which were listed at the bottom). This illustrates _____.

the serial position effect

Dr. Marsh has her General Psychology class go through an exercise in which they look at a group of objects and attempt to remember them. Then she has the class look at another group of objects and create a story involving them. The class finds the second group easier to remember because of _____.

elaboration

The initial recording of information into memory is called

encoding

Hermann Ebbinghaus was the first person to conduct scientific research on _____.

forgetting

In order to remember the way to the library, Kareem created a mental picture of all of the things he sees on his usual route. Kareem used mental_____________to remember the necessary route.

imagery

Retrieval memory

is the memory process by which information retained in memory is brought out of storage, that is, when we recall or remember something.

Dr. Quincy loves to have students in her Abnormal Psychology class work with case studies and reflect upon diagnostic questions, instead of reading and studying material. This is because Dr. Quincy is familiar with the research on memory and understands that _____.

memory of material is better when we think deeply and connect new information with information we already have

Dr. Wiley asks students to look at real-world problems related to political science, instead of reading and studying textbooks and note cards with definitions. This is because Dr. Wiley is familiar with the research on memory and understands that

memory we can connect to knowledge we already have is recalled better.

encoding failure

occurs when the information has never entered into long-term memory.

Before using memory processes, you must first____the information you are about to study.

organize

Long-term memory is a _____ type of memory that stores huge amounts of information.

permanent

The type of memory that involves remembering information about doing something in the future is _____ memory.

prospective

Jason is actively trying to remember his teammates' names, so he writes down the numbers from their jerseys and the position they play on the team, along with the first letter of their names. He is using the numbers as________cues to help his memory for the names of his teammates.

retrieval

______ is a memory task in which the person has to retrieve previously learned information; ______ is a memory task in which the person has to identify learned items.

Recall; recognition

memory holds information from the world in its original form for only an instant, not much longer than the brief time it is exposed to the visual, auditory, and other senses.

Sensory

imagery

When Don was an undergraduate many years ago, his physics professor shot a flaming arrow across the lecture hall to illustrate a physics theory. Because Don vividly remembers the theory today, this is an example of _____.

Uncle Charlie loves to tell family stories. His nephews observe that these stories evolve over time, but they enjoy hearing them because Charlie is a great storyteller. This is an example of how _____ memory fosters intimacy and creates social bonds.

autobiographical

Selective

attention involves focusing on a specific aspect of experience while ignoring other stimuli.

Encoding

Ari is watching a movie. Which initial memory process is Ari using?