Ch. 6 PSY 101

What is the main idea of social learning theory?

One can learn new behaviors by observing others.

Stanley was diagnosed with lymphoma and had to undergo several months of chemotherapy. During this time he would become very nauseated as a side effect, and unintentionally came to associate that nausea with his favorite grilled cheese sandwich. Now, years later, even thinking about a grilled cheese sandwich makes him sick. In this example, Stanley's nauseous reaction to a grilled cheese sandwich is the

conditioned response

which option is the most valid criticism of Watson and Rayners work with Little Albert?

it would be unethical by todays research standards

In Pavlov's classical conditioning the term conditioned is approximately synonymous with the word

learned

what do psychologists call a relatively permanent change in behavior or knowledge that results from experience?

learning

Gabrielle watches her father put batteries into her toy phone, and she is then able to put the batteries into the toy phone herself without further instruction from her father. In this example, Gabrielle's father is a

model

In classical conditioning the association that is learned is between a

neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus

Hideki tells a lie and is grounded. He does this several times, finally learning that his behavior (lying) is associated with a consequence (being grounded). Which kind of learning is this?

operant conditioning

gambling at a slot machine is an example of which reinforcement schedule?

variable ratio

Which of the following is an example of vicarious punishment?

Jeong observes his sister Bronwyn getting spanked for spitting out her carrots. Because he does not like getting spanked, he chews and swallows the carrots even though he hates them.

classical and operant conditioning are forms of

associative learning

what did John B Watson and Rosalie Rayner demonstrate with their studies of Little Albert?

emotion can be a conditioned response

you begin to salivate when you smell your favorite cake in the oven but not when you smell the gross scent of a dirty diaper, this is an example of

stimulus discrimination

which of the following is an example of vicarious reinforcement?

Babs saw Martin receive a candy bar for completing his reading list. She is careful to complete her reading list because she saw Martin get a reward for doing it.

which statement about B.F. Skinner is correct?

He is famous for demonstrating the principles of operant conditioning: the motivation for a behavior happens after the behavior is demonstrated

If the principles of social learning theory are true, then children may model aggressive behavior ________.

after seeing a television character receive a reward for taking violent action against another character

which of the following is an example of instinct?

baby turning its head to suckle when its cheek is stroked

which of the following experiments involves the use of operant conditioning?

rewarding a child for finishing his oatmeal mush and counting how many times the child needs to be rewarded before he finishes his oatmeal voluntarily

which term best describes rewarding successive approximations of a target behavior?

shaping

which of the following is an example of a reflex?

the pupil of your eye contracting in the presence of bright light