Ch. 7

Most undergraduate students have spent a large portion of their college careers typing on computer keyboards and can type with ease. However, if I provided you with a blank keyboard (without the letters labeled on it) and asked you to tell me which letter was on each key, you would struggle to complete this task. Why is that? Because your ability to type using a keyboard relies on implicit memory. Because you do not look at the keys frequently enough to recall where the letters are on the keys. Because your ability to type using a keyboard relies on explicit memory. Because your ability to use a keyboard relies on semantic memory.

Because your ability to type using a keyboard relies on implicit memory.

Which of the following statements best describes the Power Law of Forgetting? The rate of memory loss does not change over time. Memory loss is negatively accelerated as more time passes. There is a linear relationship between memory loss and time passing since memory formation. Memory loss is positively accelerated as more time passes.

Memory loss is negatively accelerated as more time passes.

According to the Decay Theory of Forgetting: We never forget anything but there is always a trace that remains. Memory traces decay as a result of interference. Memory traces decay in strength over time. Memories are forgotten due to interference from other memories that we have formed.

Memory traces decay in strength over time.

Dr. Chapman knows how to drive her car. Her ability to remember how to operate her vehicle is an example of what kind of memory? Declarative memory and procedural memory. Non-declarative memory and procedural memory. Explicit memory and semantic memory. Semantic memory and procedural memory.

Non-declarative memory and procedural memory.

Which structures in the human brain are involved in the creation and storage of new memories? The Hippocampus and the Occipital lobes The Hippocampus and the Amygdala Prefrontal regions and Occipital regions Prefrontal regions and Hippocampal regions

Prefrontal regions and Hippocampal regions

Imagine you open a new credit card account. The customer service representative asks you for your mailing address, and you have no problem providing it (without having to look it up). This is an example of what kind of memory? Procedural memory Implicit memory Explicit memory False memory

explicit memory

Declarative memory includes several categories of memory including procedural memory. true false

false

Explicit memories are formed in the hippocampus, but implicit memories can be primed in cortical brain structures. true false

true

One possible concern with learning to scuba dive is that all of the classroom instruction you receive is conducted on land, whereas the test of the information you learned will take place in a different context (underwater). true false

true

Our ability to recall happy memories is better when we are in a happy mood than when we are in a sad mood. true false

true

The very famous amnesic patient, HM, could not form any new memories after his surgery for epilepsy. HM likely could not form new memories because his entire hippocampus had been removed. true false

true

You are more likely to be able to remember information if you can revisit the same emotional and physical state that you were in when you learned the information, which is referred to as state-dependent learning. true false

true

Which of the following statements is true regarding the nature of interference affecting memory? It is difficult to maintain multiple associations to the same item in memory. Learning new associations to an old item stored in memory can cause old associations to be forgotten. Both of the above statements are true. Neither of the above statements are true.

It is difficult to maintain multiple associations to the same item in memory.

Research concerning how interference affects memory has shown which of the following? The only factor that affects the loss of memories is the passage of time. Maintaining multiple associations to the same item in memory serves to strengthen the association between each of the items. It is harder to learn new associations to an item that has previous existing associations, and it is harder to retain old associations to an item once a new association is learned. It is easy to maintain multiple associations to the same items in memory.

It is harder to learn new associations to an item that has previous existing associations, and it is harder to retain old associations to an item once a new association is learned.

Neuroscience studies have examined the brain's neural activation during false and true memories. Which of the following statements best describes the findings regarding these experiments? In the parahippocampal gyrus, it appears that true items show greater activation than false items. The hippocampus shows a higher activation level to true memories than false memories; the activation in this structure distinguishes between what the person actually experienced versus their imagined experience. The hippocampus shows the same activation level to true and false memories; the activation in this structure does not appear to discriminate between what the person experienced versus what they imagined. The hippocampus shows a higher activation level to false memories than to true memories; there is greater hippocampal activation when the person is remembering something they imagined than something they actually experienced.

The hippocampus shows the same activation level to true and false memories; the activation in this structure does not appear to discriminate between what the person experienced versus what they imagined.

A physician meets a new patient. This patient suffered a head injury in a bad car accident and she is unable to learn the doctor's name or remember what day it is. But she can still recall everything she learned before her car accident. It is most likely that this patient is experiencing retrograde amnesia. true false

false

Eyewitness testimony is typically very accurate because individuals are in a high-arousal state when they encoded the memories. true false

false

Implicit memory refers to knowledge that we can consciously recall. true false

false

State-dependent learning proves that learning is equal when you are intoxicated or not intoxicated, as long as the learning and testing occur under the same conditions. true false

false

Recently, a large controversy emerged related to memories of child sexual abuse. There have been many cases in which individuals claim that they have recovered previously-supressed memories of childhood sexual abuse, typically recovered in therapy. Some researchers believe that these memories may not be true, and perhaps were introduced through suggestion from the therapist during their interviews. What is this called? therapist-induced false memory false-memory syndrome false-memory suppression therapist-induced forgetting

false-memory syndrome