Ch. 7 AP Psych

The human sleep cycle repeats itself about every:

90 minutes

Which of the following has been presented as evidence that alcoholism is genetically influenced?

Children whose parents abuse alcohol have a relatively high tolerance for alcohol

Which of the following is bad advice for a person trying to overcome insomnia?

Drink a glass of wine 15 minutes before bedtime

After ingesting a small dose of a psychoactive drug, Laqueta experienced vivid visual hallucinations and felt as if she were separated from her own body. Laqueta most likely experienced the effects of:

LSD

Which of the following is a psychedelic drug

LSD

Evidence suggests that we consolidate our memories of recent life events through:

REM sleep

Nightmares are to ________ as night terrors are to ________

REM sleep; Stage 4 sleep

During the course of a full night's sleep, people are most likely to spend more time in ________sleep than in ________ sleep

REM; Stage 4

Which of the following is the best advice for a person concerned about occasional insomnia?

Relax and drink a glass of milk before bedtime.

Sensations of falling or floating weightlessly (hypnogogic sensations) are most closely associated with ________ sleep

Stage 1

The brain waves associated with REM sleep are most similar to those of:

Stage 1 sleep

Circadian rhythm refers to:

a pattern of biological functioning that occurs on a roughly 24-hour cycle

Which theory suggests that dreams are mental responses to random bursts of neural stimulation?

activation-synthesis theory

Twenty-eight-year-old Theodore has an irrational fear of dogs. His therapist hypnotizes him and asks him to mentally relive his earliest childhood experience with a dog. The therapist is making use of:

age regression

The chemical adenosine is most likely to reduce:

alertness

Jordanna has decided to go to bed early. Although her eyes are closed and she's very relaxed, she has not yet fallen asleep. An EEG is most likely to indicate the presence of:

alpha waves

François was dismayed to discover that some of his football teammates were using drugs to enhance their footwork and endurance on the playing field. Which of the following drugs were the players most likely using?

amphetamines

Vivid dreams often involve sudden and surprising changes in scene. This best serves to support the theory that dreams:

are triggered by random bursts of neural activity

Which drugs are most likely to be prescribed as tranquilizers?

barbiturates

In one study, both hypnotized and unhypnotized subjects were told to throw acid in a research assistant's face. In this experiment, hypnotized people:

behaved in the same fashion as unhypnotized individuals.

The school of thought in psychology that systematically avoided the study of consciousness during the first half of this century was:

behaviorism

Those who emphasize that mood fluctuations may be indicative of seasonal affective disorder are highlighting the importance of:

biological rhythms

When cocaine is snorted, free-based, or injected, it produces a rush of euphoria by:

blocking the reuptake of dopamine

After flying from California to New York, Arthur experienced a restless, sleepless night. His problem was most likely caused by a disruption of his normal:

circadian rhythm

With the approach of night, our body temperatures begin to drop. This best illustrates the dynamics of the:

circadian rhythm

Caged rats respond to foot shocks with unusually high levels of aggression after ingesting:

cocaine

Soon after taking a psychoactive drug, Zachary experienced a diminished appetite, an increased pulse rate, dilated pupils, and feelings of self-confidence and euphoria. Zachary most likely experienced the effects of:

cocaine

Orne and Evans discovered that unhypnotized subjects performed the same dangerous acts as hypnotized subjects. This finding is most consistent with the theory that hypnosis involves:

conscious role-playing

A stage hypnotist can best increase the hypnotizability of select audience members by first providing them with a:

convincing demonstration of his or her hypnotic induction skills

Alcohol consumption tends to ________ self-awareness and ________ feelings of guilt

decrease; decrease

Amphetamines ________ appetite and ________ self-confidence

decrease; increase

Repeated use of an opiate:

decreases the brain's production of endorphins

The use of barbiturates ________ anxiety and ________ sympathetic nervous system activity

decreases; decreases

One of the immediate effects of ecstasy is:

dehydration

At 1:00 a.m, Luis gets out of bed and begins to sleepwalk. An EEG of his brain activity is most likely to indicate the presence of:

delta waves

In large doses, alcohol is a ________; in small amounts, it is a ________

depressant; depressant

Sleep deprivation has been shown to:

diminish immunity to disease

A split in consciousness in which some thoughts occur simultaneously with and yet separately from other thoughts is called:

dissociation

Joan's dentist used hypnosis when he filled a deep cavity. Joan insisted that she felt no pain, but when the dentist asked her to raise her hand if some part of her could feel the pain, she raised her hand. This supports the theory that hypnosis involves:

dissociation

The claim that hypnotic phenomena are regulated by control processes outside our normal awareness is associated with the theory that hypnosis involves:

dissociation

Evidence that highly hypnotizable people are no more successful than others at simultaneously reading a book and listening to music would most clearly challenge:

dissociation theory

One plausible theory suggests that hypnosis relieves pain by:

distracting attention

Freud is to ________ as Mesmer is to ________

dream interpretation; animal magnetism

Three hours after going to sleep, Shoshanna's heart rate increases, her breathing becomes more rapid, and her eyes move rapidly under her closed lids. Research suggests that Shoshanna is:

dreaming

The belief that death involves the liberation of the soul from a bodily prison illustrates:

dualism

Which of the following is an amphetamine derivative that acts as a mild hallucinogen?

ecstasy

Researchers are most likely to question the value of hypnosis for:

enhancing memory

According to Freud, the dreams of adults can be traced back to:

erotic wishes

Women are most likely to overestimate the negative impact of the menstrual cycle on their mood because:

evidence that confirms one's preconceptions is easily remembered

The greatest danger of viewing drug addiction as a disease is that this may lead drug addicts to:

feel powerless to overcome the addiction

At 3 o'clock in the morning, John has already slept for 4 hours. As long as his sleep continues, we can expect an increasing occurrence of:

genital arousal

False sensory experiences that occur in the absence of appropriate sensory stimulation are called:

hallucinations

After sleeping for about an hour, José enters a phase of paradoxical sleep. He is likely to:

have very relaxed muscles

The most rapid increase in drug tolerance is likely to be experienced by the regular user of:

heroin

In Robert True's study, hypnotized subjects correctly reported the day of the week on which their fourth, seventh, and tenth birthdays occurred. This experiment illustrated that:

hypnotists can subtly influence the memories of their subjects

The divided-consciousness theory of hypnosis receives support from evidence that:

hypnotized people can be aware of pain sensation without experiencing emotional distress

Traffic accident rates have been found to ________ after the spring change to daylight savings time and to ________ after the fall change back to standard time

increase; decrease

Studies of daydreaming indicate that:

individuals who are prone to violence, delinquency, and drug usage have fewer vivid fantasies

Research indicates that the percentage of total sleep spent in REM sleep is higher in ________than in ________

infants; adults

REM sleep is ________ by alcohol and ________ by sleeping pills.

inhibited; inhibited

According to Freud, the latent content of a dream refers to:

its underlying but censored meaning

Greg remembered a recent dream in which his girlfriend suddenly grabbed the wheel of his speeding car to prevent him from driving off the edge of a cliff. Greg's therapist suggested that the dream might be a representation of the girlfriend's frantic efforts to save the couple from sexual disaster. According to Freud, the therapist was attempting to reveal the ________ of Greg's dream

latent content

When comparing women's day-to-day self-reports of their moods with their later recall of these same daily moods, negative emotions are most pronounced in the:

later recall of premenstrual mood

While soundly asleep people cannot:

learn tape-recorded messages to which they are repeatedly exposed

Compared to their white counterparts, African-American teens report ________ rates of alcohol use and ________ rates of cocaine use

lower; lower

As Inge recalled her dream, she was dancing with a tall, dark gentleman when suddenly the music shifted to loud rock and the man disappeared. According to Freud, Inge's account represents the________ content of her dream.

manifest

Research on the use of addictive drugs indicates that:

many people are able to stop using morphine without professional help

Mrs. Roberts, who suffers from AIDS, has been given an ordinarily illegal drug at the university hospital. Considering her specific medical condition, it is likely that she has received:

marijuana

THC, the active ingredient in ________, is classified as a ________

marijuana; hallucinogen

Monism refers to the presumption that:

mind and body are different aspects of the same thing

University men were shown an erotic movie clip. Compared with those who thought they had recently consumed a nonalcoholic beverage, men who believed they had recently consumed an alcoholic beverage were ________ likely to report having strong sexual fantasies and ________

more; less

Boys who tend to be fearless and impulsive at age 6 are ________ likely to smoke and ________likely to drink alcohol as teens

more; more

Compared to adults, children are ________ likely to experience night terrors and ________ likely to experience sleepwalking

more; more

Compared to young women, young men are ________ likely to report dreams involving sexual imagery, and they are ________ likely to dream about members of the same sex

more; more

Research indicates that young adults spend ________ time daydreaming and admit to ________sexual fantasies than do older adults

more; more

Under the influence of alcohol, men on dates are ________ likely to be sexually coercive than they would otherwise be and restaurant patrons are ________ likely to tip generously than they otherwise would

more; more

The best indication that dreaming serves a necessary biological function is provided by the fact that:

most mammals experience REM rebound

Symptoms of drug withdrawal are likely to be ________ severe among those with ________levels of drug tolerance.

most; high

During a heated argument with his teenage daughter, Mr. Reid suddenly lapsed into a state of REM sleep. Mr. Reid apparently suffers from:

narcolepsy

The absence of a hypothalamic neural center that produces hypocretin has been linked to:

narcolepsy

Research on sleep and dreams indicates that:

none of the above are true

In Hilgard's studies of pain sensitivity, the hidden observer reported experiences typically associated with:

normal consciousness

Consciousness is:

our awareness of ourselves and our environment

REM sleep is called paradoxical sleep because:

our nervous system is highly active, while our voluntary muscles hardly move

Genital arousal is most likely to be associated with:

paradoxical sleep

The ability to simultaneously monitor the shape as well as the color of an object best illustrates the value of:

parallel processing

Research studies of the content of dreams indicate that:

people are more likely to dream of failure than of success

Experiments in which hypnotized individuals have been encouraged to perform apparently dangerous acts best illustrate that:

people are surprisingly susceptible to destructive social influence

The theory that dreams help to solidify our memories of daytime experiences is supported by the finding that:

people deprived of REM sleep remember less of certain pre-sleep information than people deprived of other sleep stages

Research on susceptibility to hypnosis indicates that:

people who are highly responsive to hypnotic suggestion tend to have rich fantasy lives

Narcolepsy is a disorder involving:

periodic uncontrollable attacks of overwhelming sleepiness

Unpleasant withdrawal symptoms are indicative of:

physical dependence

Exposure to bright light causes the ________ gland to ________ the production of melatonin

pineal; decrease

While under hypnosis, Juanita describes her experience of being kidnapped at age 5. In suggesting that she will soon forget this traumatic event, the hypnotist is encouraging Juanita to experience:

posthypnotic amnesia

Just prior to awakening Chinua from a hypnotic state, the therapist told him that during the next few days he would feel nauseous whenever he reached for a cigarette. Chinua's therapist was attempting to make use of:

posthypnotic suggestion

Psychologists who are critical of hypnotherapy are most likely to question whether its benefits are:

produced by the hypnosis itself

Chronic sleep deprivation is likely to ________ obesity and ________ memory

promote; impair

Near-death experiences are:

quite similar to drug-induced hallucinogenic experiences

People can be hypnotically induced to:

report significant relief from the pain of placing their arms in ice water

The claim that hypnotic phenomena are regulated by normal conscious control processes is associated with the theory that hypnosis involves:

role-playing

Alcohol consumption is most likely to make people more:

self-disclosing

When hypnosis is used to induce deafness, the hidden observer is likely to be ______ to auditory stimulation. When hypnosis is used to induce blindness, the hidden observer is likely to be______ to visual stimulation.

sensitive; sensitive

Consciousness is to subconsciousness as ________ is to ________

serial processing; parallel processing

Mr. Oates always sleeps restlessly, snorting and gasping throughout the night. It is most likely that Mr. Oates suffers from:

sleep apnea

Which of the following disorders is characterized by the temporary cessation of breathing while asleep?

sleep apnea

Research on sleep patterns indicates that:

sleep patterns may be genetically influenced.

The rhythmic bursts of brain activity that occur during Stage 2 sleep are called:

sleep spindles

Bedwetting is most likely to occur during ________ sleep

slow-wave

The pituitary gland is particularly likely to release a growth hormone during:

slow-wave sleep

Compared to subconscious information processing, conscious information processing is relatively________ and especially effective for solving ________ problems

slow; novel

Hypnotized people who have been age regressed are no more genuinely childlike than unhypnotized people who are asked to feign childlike behavior. This fact most clearly supports:

social influence theory

Compared to when they were only 20 years old, 60-year-olds:

spend less time in deep sleep

Amphetamines are to ________ as barbiturates are to ________

stimulants; depressants

Sixteen-year-old Bethany is becoming increasingly concerned about her use of marijuana on weekends. In order to reduce her use of this drug Bethany should:

stop associating with friends who use marijuana

REM rebound involves the:

tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation.

Our resistance to going to bed as early as we had planned is most likely a reflection of:

the circadian rhythm

After a stressful day at the office, Arthur has five or six drinks at a local bar before going home for dinner. Research suggests that Arthur's heavy drinking will have the most adverse effect on his ability to remember:

the next day the names of the people he talked to and what he said while drinking

The need to take larger and larger doses of a drug in order to experience its effects is an indication of:

tolerance

Night terrors:

usually occur during the first few hours after falling asleep.

The discomfort and distress that follow the discontinued use of certain drugs is called:

withdrawal

When Celeste was unable to obtain her regular supply of heroin, she began to develop tremors, fever, and an intense craving for the drug. Celeste was experiencing symptoms of:

withdrawal

Forty-year-old Lance insists that he never dreams. Research suggests that he probably:

would report a vivid dream if he were awakened during REM sleep