Ch 7: Cellular Respiration and fermentation
The overall efficiency of respiration (the percentage of the energy released that is saved in ATP) is approximately __________.
34%
How many molecules of ATP are gained by substrate-level phosphorylation from the complete breakdown of a single molecule of glucose in the presence of oxygen?
4 ATP
After completion of the citric acid cycle, most of the usable energy from the original glucose molecule is in the form of _____.
NADH
Which of the following is a correct description and sequence of events in cellular respiration?
Oxidation of glucose to pyruvate; oxidation of pyruvate; oxidation of acetyl-coA; oxidative phosphorylation
Most of the ATP produced in aerobic cellular respiration comes from?
Oxidative phosphorylation
During the reaction C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O, which compound is reduced as a result of the reaction? (eText Concept 9.1) carbon dioxide oxygen water glucose both glucose and carbon dioxide
Oxygen
In the citric acid cycle, for each pyruvate the enters the cycle, one ATP, three NADH, and FADH2 are produced. For each glucose molecule that enters glycolysis, how many ATP, NADH, and FADH2 are produced in the citric acid cycle?
Two ATP, six NADH, two FADH2
Most of the NADH that delivers electrons to the electron transport chain comes from which of the following processes?
citric acid cycle
Of the following molecules in the glycolytic pathway (the process of glycolysis), the one with the most chemical energy is _____.
fructose-1,6-bisphosphate
In the overall process of glycolysis and cellular respiration, __________ is oxidized and __________ is reduced.
glucose and oxygen
Which process is the one in which glucose is oxidized to generate two molecules of pyruvate and in which ATP and NADH are produced?
glycolysis
The electron transport chain involved in cellular respiration is located in/on the _______.
inner membrane of the mitochondrion
Molecular oxygen (O2) has what role in aerobic cellular respiration ?
it is the final electron acceptor at the end of the electron transport chain
Which of the following substances is/are involved in oxidative phosphorylation ?
ADP, oxygen, and ATP.
Which of the following best describes the electron transport chain of cellular respiration ?
Electrons are passed from one carrier to another, releasing a little energy at each step.
Of the metabolic pathways listed below, which is the most universal metabolic process associated with cellular respiration? Chemiosmosis ETC Glycolysis Fermentation Citric acid cycle
Glycolysis
The immediate energy source that drives ATP synthesis by ATP synthase during oxidative phosphorylation is the
H+ concentration across the membrane holding ATP synthase.
Where do the reactions of glycolysis occur in a eukaryotic cell?
In the cytosol
in the absence of oxygen, cells need a way to regenerate which compound following glycolysis?
NAD+
When a poison such as cyanide blocks the electron transport chain, glycolysis and the citric acid cycle also eventually stop working. Which of the following is the best explanation for this?
NAD+ and FAD are not available for glycolysis and the citric acid cycle to continue.
Why is the citric acid cycle called a cycle?
The four-carbon acid that accepts the acetyl CoA in the first step of the cycle is regenerated by the last step of the cycle.
Where do the reactions of the citric acid cycle occur in eukaryotic cells?
The matrix of the mitochondrion The citric acid cycle, which takes place in the mitochondrial matrix, completes the degradation of glucose.
If muscle cells in the human body consume O2 faster than it can be supplied, which of the following is likely to result? (eText Concept 9.5
The muscle cells will have trouble making enough ATP to meet demands and the cells will not be able to carry out oxidative phosphorylation. The cells will consume glucose at an increased rate.
In an experiment, mice were fed glucose containing a small amount of radioactive oxygen. The mice were closely monitored, and after a few minutes radioactive oxygen atoms showed up in ____________.
carbon dioxide
A molecule becomes oxidized when it __________.
loses an electron
