Ch. 7 HMD 211

Which of the following is true about phytochemicals found in foods?

They protect against certain chronic diseases.

Vegetables should be cooked with as much water as possible to preserve nutrient content.

false

Vitamins D and K, niacin, and biotin always cause toxicity symptoms because they are made in the body.

false

Which vitamin is added to enriched grains and cereals in order to reduce the risk of birth defects?

folic acid

The presence of phytochemicals, antioxidants, and fiber in ________ make them nutritionally superior to supplements.

foods

________ are often more expensive than the regular variety; may risk of overconsumption of nutrients; and can displace more nutrient dense foods.

fortified foods

Stephanie recently became a vegan, has been eating large quantities of green leafy vegetables and taking vitamin A supplements. The condition that she is most likely to develop is

hypervitaminosis A

Consuming too much apricots, butternut squash, cantaloupe, and carrots

is less likely to cause toxicity symptoms than overconsuming eggs, organ meats, and milk.

Milk sold in clear bottles might be low in __________.

riboflavin

The best way to find out if you need a supplement is to

schedule an appointment with a registered dietitian nutritionist.

To minimize nutrient losses, vegetables should be

stir-fried

________ can be expensive; may risk of overconsumption of nutrients; may lack the antioxidants, phytochemicals, and fiber found naturally in foods; and they are not satisfying.

supplements

Which of the following two foods are good sources of B6?

enriched bread and chicken

A supplement that has the USP seal on the label cannot lead to toxicity symptoms.

false

Persons who take supplements of vitamin A, D, E or K are more likely to experience deficiency symptoms compared to the supplements of the B vitamins and vitamin C.

false

Produce should be stored in clear plastic bags to preserve nutrient content.

false

The best overall strategy to meet nutrient needs is to take supplements that have the USP seal on the label.

false

The best way to make vitamin D in the skin is to apply sunscreen according to the instructions on the label.

false

The fat-soluble vitamins are the B vitamins.

false

A vegetarian is most likely to need supplements of

B12

The intrinsic factor, a protein in the stomach, promotes the absorption of ___

B12

Vitamins

Essential nutrients that do not yield energy, but that are required for growth and proper functioning of the body.

Because the fat-soluble vitamins require fat for absorption, these supplements need to be taken with a fat or an oil.

FALSE

Fortified foods are harmful and they often lead to vitamin toxicity symptoms.

FALSE

Vitamins D and K, niacin, and biotin are synthesized in the body in the amounts that are needed every day.

FALSE

In large doses, niacin has been shown to lower blood levels of __________.

LDL

Which seal on a supplement label indicates it meets purity and accuracy criteria?

USP

Which of the following supplements is the best choice? The one with the

USP seal, the words "high potency", and the lowest cost.

The vitamin that enhances iron absorption is ___.

Vitamin C

Antioxidants that neutralize free radicals are

Vitamins E and C

Which of the following is true about free radicals?

Which of the following is true about free radicals?

a pregnant woman who does not eat enough folate increases her risk of having a baby with

anencephaly and spina bifida.

Vitamin supplements of A, D, E, and K

are likely to lead to toxicity symptoms when taken in excess.***

The protein in raw egg whites that binds biotin and prevents it from being absorbed is:

avidin

Which nutrients serve as coenzymes in the conversion of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats to energy; in fatty acid, cholesterol, and protein synthesis?

b vitamins

John was told by his physician that his vitamin D blood level was low. John needs to eat foods that are rich in

calcium, vitamin D, and phosphorus.

Which of the following foods would be most appropriate for Marco who is lactose intolerant?

calcium-fortified soy milk

Fat-soluble vitamins ___.

can be stored in the body for later use

Vitamin C assists in the formation of the most abundant body protein, which is _____. This relates to the lack of vitamin C and can lead to _____.

collagen; scurvy

Exposure to air, water, and heat to produce items

leads to nutrient losses.

Two examples of carotenoids are __________.

lutein and lycopene

________ is the form of vitamin K that can be produced in the intestinal tract.

menaquinone

Vegetables cooked by ________ have more vitamin C than those cooked by ________.

microwaving—boiling in lots of water

Vitamins are

needed in small amounts in the body.***

Consuming too much thiamin causes __________.

no known adverse effects

Which of the following nutrients are typically underconsumed by Americans?

potassium and vitamin D

The role of coenzymes is to __________, which is also a major function of the B vitamins in the body.

promote the functioning of enzymes

The inactive form of a vitamin that can be converted into an active form upon absorption is called ___.

provitamin

The inactive form of a vitamin that can be converted into an active form upon absorption or in the liver is called a(n) __________. __________ is an example of this.

provitamin; Beta-carotene

Which nutrient blood levels are likely to be low in chronic alcohol abusers?

thiamin and niacin

A supplement which has a USP seal on the label is more likely to be pure and of higher quality than a comparable supplement which does not have the USP seal.

true

Consuming too much folate can obscure a vitamin B12 deficiency.

true

Fat-soluble vitamins are more likely to lead to toxicity symptoms than water-soluble vitamins.

true

In a supplement whose label has the statement "high potency", at least two-thirds of the nutrients in the supplement contain a minimum of 100 percent of the daily value.

true

Many vitamins in fruits and vegetables can be lost by exposure to air, water, and heat.

true

Strict vegetarians may need supplements of vitamins B12 and vitamin D.

true

The B vitamins and vitamin C are not stored in body.

true

The amounts of cloud cover, smog, and air pollution can all reduce the amount of vitamin D produced in the skin.

true

The vitamin which assists in the formation of collagen, supports a healthy immune system, and improves the absorption of nonheme iron is vitamin C.

true

Vitamin A toxicity symptoms include compromised bone health and birth defects.

true

Vitamin D toxicity symptoms include loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, and constipation.

true

Women who may become pregnant need adequate amounts of folic acid to prevent birth defects.

true

ersons who take supplements of vitamin A, D, E or K are more likely to experience deficiency symptoms compared to the supplements of the B vitamins and vitamin C.

true

Marcus is an African American student who is deficient in vitamin D, so he needs to spend more time in the sun that his peers who are White.

true***

Which of the following is NOT a good source of niacin?

vegetables

Apricots, butternut squash, cantaloupe, carrots, mangoes, peaches, pumpkin, and sweet potatoes are rich in

vitamin A

Individuals who do not eat animal products, and who live in cities where there is minimal sunlight are likely to have low levels of

vitamin D

a deficiency of vitamin ________ can cause rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults.

vitamin D or calcium (need vitamin d to work with calcium)

People on a low-fat diet may not be getting enough ___.

vitamin E

Individuals taking anticoagulant medications need to carefully monitor their vitamin ________ intake.

vitamin K

The vitamin that promotes blood clotting is ___.

vitamin K