Ch. 7 Key Terms pg. 1

glucocorticoid

Glucocorticoids are a class of corticosteroids, which are a class of steroid hormones.

lungs

Helps you breathe

hyperventilation

Hyperventilation is rapid or deep breathing, usually caused by anxiety or panic. This overbreathing, as it is sometimes called, may actually leave you feeling breathless.

hypoventilation

Hypoventilation refers to a state of decreased or inadequate ventilation.

croup

Kids with croup have a virus that makes their airways swell.

bronchogenic carcinoma

Lung cancer or bronchogenic carcinoma refers to tumors originating in the lung parenchyma or within the bronchi.

expectorant

Mucoactive agents are a class of chemical agents that aid in the clearance of mucus or sputum from the upper and lower airways, including the lungs, bronchi, and trachea.

laryngopharynx

Serves as a common passageway for food and air.

apnea

Sleep disorder in which breathing repeatedly stops and starts

alveolar sacs

This is the place where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide actually happens

mediastinum

Your mediastinum has several important functions, including: Serving as a "house" for your heart and the roots of your great vessels.

arterial blood gases (ABGs)

a blood test that requires a sample from an artery in your body to measure the levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide in your blood

bronchial tubes

a bronchus or a primary branch off of one.

carina

a cartilaginous ridge separating the left and right main bronchi

asthma

a condition in which your airways narrow and swell and may produce extra mucus

diaphragm

a dome-shaped muscular partition separating the thorax from the abdomen in mammals. It plays a major role in breathing, as its contraction increases the volume of the thorax and so inflates the lungs.

antibiotic

a type of antimicrobial substance active against bacteria

decongestant

a type of pharmaceutical drug that is used to relieve nasal congestion in the upper respiratory tract.

Heimlich maneuver

abdominal thrust maneuver,

aspiration

accidentally inhaling your food or liquid through your vocal cords into your airway, instead of swallowing through your food pipe, or esophagus, and into your stomach.

nasopharynx

allows air to pass from your nose into your windpipe and eventually into your lungs.

chest X-ray (CXR)

an imaging test that uses X-rays to look at the structures and organs in your chest.

alveoli

any of the many tiny air sacs of the lungs which allow for rapid gaseous exchange.

bradypnea

below 12 breaths per minute for more than 2 minutes

lingual tonsils

can cause severe pain and difficulty swallowing.

bronchioles

carry air to small sacs in your lungs called alveoli

dyspnea

difficult or labored breathing.

antihistamine

drugs which treat allergic rhinitis, common cold, influenza, and other allergies

Eupnea

eupnea is normal, good, healthy and unlabored breathing, sometimes known as quiet breathing or a resting respiratory rate.

frontal sinus

frontal sinuses are a pair of small, air-filled cavities located just behind your eyes in the brow region

external respiration

gas exchange between the lungs and the blood.

glottis

he part of the larynx consisting of the vocal cords and the opening between them. It affects voice modulation through expansion or contraction.

bronchitis

inflammation of the bronchi

hyperpnea

is increased volume of air taken during breathing

beta-adrenergic agonist

medications that relax muscles of the airways, causing widening of the airways and resulting in easier breathing.

nose

our nose lets you smell and it's a big part of why you are able to taste things. The nose is also the main gate to the respiratory system, your body's system for breathing.

empyema

pneumonia caused by a bacterial infection of the lungs

larynx

protect the lower respiratory tract from aspirating food into the trachea while breathing

bony thorax

supports the walls of the pleural cavity and diaphragm used in respiration.

auscultation

the action of listening to sounds from the heart, lungs, or other organs, typically with a stethoscope, as a part of medical diagnosis.

inspiration

the drawing in of breath; inhalation.

expiration

the last emission of breath

apex

the tip or summit of an organ

bronchi

to deliver air to a diffuse network of around 300 million alveoli in the lungs

aerosol therapy

treatment of obstructive lung diseases

Eustachian tubes

where pressure abnormalities in the middle ear result in symptoms.

Bronchodilator

A bronchodilator or broncholytic is a substance that dilates the bronchi and bronchioles, decreasing resistance in the respiratory airway and increasing airflow to the lungs.

influenza

A common, sometimes deadly viral infection of the nose, throat and lungs, also called flu.

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

A group of lung diseases that block airflow and make it difficult to breathe.

nasal polyp

A painless growth inside the nose or the hollow areas inside the bones of the face, also known as sinuses.

hay fever (allergic rhinitis)

An allergic response causing itchy, watery eyes, sneezing, and other similar symptoms.

mucolytic

An expectorant is a type of cough medicine that thins and loosens mucus.

laryngitis

An inflammation of the voice box, which is also known as the larynx. Overuse, irritation or infection can be the cause.

cystic fibrosis (CF)

An inherited life-threatening disorder that damages the lungs and digestive system.

cyanosis

Bluish or grayish color of the skin, nails, lips, or around the eyes.

bronchoscopy

Bronchoscopy is an endoscopic technique of visualizing the inside of the airways for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.

bronchospasm

Bronchospasms happen when the muscles that line your bronchi (airways in your lungs) tighten.

hemothorax

By far the most common cause of hemothorax is trauma. Penetrating injuries of the lungs, heart, great vessels, or chest wall

continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)

CPAP (continuous positive airway pressure) is a machine that uses mild air pressure to keep breathing airways open while you sleep.

cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation is an emergency procedure consisting of chest compressions often combined with artificial ventilation

internal respiration

Cellular respiration is the process by which biological fuels are oxidized in the presence of an inorganic electron acceptor, such as oxygen

Cheyne-Stokes respiration

Cheyne-Stokes respiration, or periodic respiration, involves an atypical pattern of breathing

antitussive

Cold medicine

atelectasis

Complete or partial collapse of a lung or a section (lobe) of a lung.

emphysema

Emphysema is a type of lung disease that causes breathlessness.

endotracheal (ET) intubation

Endotracheal intubation is a medical procedure in which a tube is placed into the windpipe (trachea) through the mouth or nose. In most emergency situations, it is placed through the mouth.

common cold

The common cold is an infection of your nose, sinuses, throat and windpipe.

epiglottis

The epiglottis is a small, movable "lid" just above the larynx that prevents food and drink from entering the windpipe.

ethmoid sinus

The ethmoid sinuses sit between the eyes and the nose near the bridge

left mainstem bronchus

The left main stem bronchus leaves the trachea at a 135-degree angle. The right mainstem bronchus is more vertically oriented, with a 155-degree angle of origin.

mast cell stabilizer

The mast cell stabilizers cromolyn and nedocromil work by blocking a calcium channel that is essential for mast cell degranulation

nasal cavity

The nasal cavity functions to humidify, warm, filter, and act as a conduit for inspired air, as well as protect the respiratory tract through the use of the mucociliary system. The nasal cavity also houses the receptors responsible for olfaction.

Base

The nucleobase of a nucleotide involved in base pairing, as of a DNA or RNA polymer.