Ch 8-1 Vocabulary 1960's America Pages 845-894

Barry Goldwater 874/1

Johnson's overwhelming victory over perceived extremist from small state of Arizona victory in a college margin of 486 to 52

Bay of Pigs 861/2

Kennedy took over in 1961 found a proposal apparently supported by the CIA which had 2500 agents and Island and by the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, for 12000 armed Cuban Exiles known as the Cuban Liberation chords to be landed in an area and detonate a popular uprising. Weekly allowed the Bay of Pigs operation to go ahead on April 17th 1961. Cia's insistence that the operation was to be preceded by an air strike launch from bases in Nicaragua by us combat aircraft painted to resemble Cuban aircraft required by the Exiles nor were they happy that US destroyers were to accompany the Cuban Exile Invasion Fleet with US aircraft providing air cover to within 5 miles of Landing please. Total disaster from start because Castro was able to read all about it in advance and Us Media and Kennedy refuse to authorize the US carrier SX cruising 10 miles offshore to come to the rescue of the stricken men pinned down on the swamp eBay. Castro's troops were prepared killed 114 Invaders took prisoners rest 1189 nearly all of whom or executor later died in Castro's prison

"Ich bin ein Berliner"867/2

Kennedy went to Germany made clever speech in West Berlin June 26th 1963 Electrify the citizens by saying all free men wherever they may live are citizens of Berlin and therefore as a free man I take pride in the words I am a donut Shogun intent. Able to announce on TV July 26th 1963 important progress on nuclear weapons negotiations yesterday shop the white kind of Darkness for the first time in agreement has been reached I'm bringing the forces nuclear destruction under International control.

Ho Chi Minh 878/1

3 weeks after Japanese surrender communist leader sponsored by the OSS staged a Putsch known as the August Revolution which Alice did the pro French emperor of Vietnam. Man in effect ground him as new ruler OSS agent Archimedes Patti

"Bombed back to the stone age" 881/2

700000 to a million men and seven years Johnson was not prepared to pay the bill Victory but wanted on cheap mint bombing was old reflux of Jupiter complex belief that America with Superior technology career and Punishment on evil-doers from are without plunging holy into the blood of battle. Believed the sacc commander Curtis LeMay who said that Vietnam could bombed back into the Stone Age. No attempt to bomb Vietnam even in selecting the cheap bombing option LBJ was indecisive

Cuban Missile Crisis

862-864: Kennedy told about U-2 aircraft pictures and 50 strategic missiles would be deployed and ready for use capable of destroying us main defenses 17 minutes. 9 tactical missiles equipped with nuclear warheads and with ranges of 30 miles operational and our local Soviet Commander authority to use them at own discretion. October 16th Committee of National Security Council wide range of opinions Stevenson advised demilitarization of Cuba surrender of the US base at Guantanamo and removal of us Jupiter missile bases from turkey and return for Sylvia withdraw of missile. Hardliners such as Dean Atkinson and Vice President Johnson advise media airstrikes to knock out the sights flood by invasion of Ireland if necessary. America's overall strength and strategic weapons was so great that provocation should be ignored. Kennedy rejected infuriated by K lying determined that the missiles had to go. Persuaded by Secretary of State and his undersecretary announce airstrike on the sites with smack a Pearl Harbor and was not in the u.s. tradition. Decided hold airstrikes and reserve and impose a quarantine on Cuba for bidding for their Soviet ships to enter area on penalty of being fired upon. K in Moscow October 28th to a week after alert and at the same time publicly to American people on Prime TV announced. Soviet missile carrying ships approaching quarantine line stopped and slowly turned about Romaine to get Soviet missiles out. Kennedy contacted K again asking for a restoration of earlier situation K demanded pledged not to invade Cuba and removal of Jupiter missiles from Turkey Kennedy ignored second man but complied with first and on face is that K agreed to move missiles October 28th

Lee Harvey Oswald 868/2

90 minutes later Dallas police arrested a 24 year old former Marine became Soviet citizen in 1959 for returning to United States in 1962 and working as a depository. Charged with killing a Dallas police officer who tried to detain him on some suspicion of assassination and hours later he was formally accused of killing president Kennedy a charge he denied.

John Fitzgerald Kennedy 845/2

Democratic candidate against Richard Nixon young 43 and experience. Like Nixon successful wartime career in the Navy served in the house as congressman from Massachusetts from 1947 and then a senator from 1953. Both men had fears anti-communist in the post-war year. Media protected suppress what it knew to be the truth about him and lied about him on the scale which I'd never done you've been for Franklin Roosevelt. Kennedy had most of the characteristics of an American anti-hero. 3rd Generation Boston Irish upward Mobility Persona 5. Both his grandfathers were unscrupulous for healing Boston politicians who well understood what became the running theme of the Kennedy family had to turn money into political power so they made their problems in different ways one through insurance and other in liquor trade. Inherited father's values in mother's Catholicism. Accepted family philosophy laws of God and Republic and my abundant cells do not apply to Kennedy's at any rate male ones. Chat with gangsters. Taught by his father that bluff freely laced with money could remove all difficulties. Lied about health. Jack was in charge of a PT Boat which was rammed and sunk by a Japanese Destroyer. Father Joe's management caught in the middle for rescuing a crew member.

Richard Nixon 845/1

Eisenhower's vice president was 47. Very experienced for his age, having sat in the house from 1947, in the senate for California from 1950, following a distinguished wartime career in the US Navy. During 8 years as Vice President we had a prominent figure in the Senate one of Eisenhower's most often consulted colleagues and traveled all over the world is the u.s. spokesman and representative. Tested and emerge with credit. Really murdered by anti-American radicals and carcass in 1958 instead of successfully to Nikita Khrushchev the Soviet dictator in the famous public debate in Moscow in 1959. In 1960 Republicans nominated him for president on the first ballot virtually without opposition as obvious man to lead the nation the spirit of Ike.

JFK's Inaugural Address 857/2

January 7th 1961 Chrissy Jeff outline in a speech what he called the new areas a peaceful competition between the two superpowers National Liberation Wars and centers of revolutionary struggle against imperialism all over Asia, Africa, and Latin America. Kennedy took up challenge in rhetoric I mean particular that you've declared the time to be an hour maximum danger for Freedom. His generation I've been given the role of Defending it I do not shrink from this responsibility, I welcome it. Under him America would pay any price bear any burden meet any hardship support any friend oppose any foe to ensure the survival and success of Liberty. Good deal further than any other president in history had been prepared to commit himself abroad and certainly much farther than Truman and Eisenhower much further than American people prepare to go. Kennedy salt to put Flesh on the bones of his rhetoric by variety of devices the peace corps of young us volunteers to serve a broad, the Green Berets for more forceful activities term counterinsurgency, campaigns for winning hearts and minds of locals in what were known as non-aligned countries, the lines for progress in Latin America, increase economic and military aid almost everywhere

China Policy 890/1

January 31st 1969 only 11 days after he started work in the White House Nixon policy embodied in National Security memorandum 14 Nixon actively pursued peace negotiations with North Vietnamese without much optimism but exploded logic of sino-soviet dispute and reached an understanding with China. Reports of classes on long sino-soviet border in Central Asia offered opportunity for Nixon offer China friendly hand when the Soviet leaders secretly us would not remain indifferent if they were to attack China. Before the world's people live in communist China today they're not a significant power but 25 years from now they could be decisive for u.s. not to do what can at this time when I can would lead to a situation great Jenner we have total ditton met with the Soviet Union would mean nothing at the Chinese are outside the International Community. New China policy and change and US military strategy made possible peace with Hanoi. In Paris Nixon Secretary of State and of North Vietnam signed an agreement on ending the war and restoring peace in Vietnam. Made it possible for America to leave Vietnam Reserve Nixon's right to maintain carriers in Vietnamese waters and use aircraft stationed Taiwan and Thailand if there chords were broken.

Joseph P. Kennedy 848/3

Kennedy's father who saw that ticket National Power is not for himself and for his son's was necessary to amass and more Misfortune. Breaking out near Boston orbit moved to New York. Grab opportunities including criminal ones. Created one of the biggest cash piles of the century through banking or money lending, shipbuilding, Hollywood, stock dropping, and bootleg lever. Set up trust funds at 10 million PS4 children and squirreled Away best songs for a variety of other purposes chiefly for buying people with a politician's newspaper Proprietors or indeed Cardinals. Range of contacts in collaborators was enormous included the mob leader Frank Costello and Doc stature Lieutenant of another leading mafioso they are Lansky. Joe was used by and used FDR bought an ambassador from him then set about the task of making his eldest son president. Ojos trick was to turn jack into a war hero.

TV Debates 853/3

Kennedy's great success during the campaign was his victory over Nixon especially the first when Nixon was unmade, tired, and suffering you trouble. Learned later that Kennedy staff had asked for the two candidates to stand up throughout the debate to cause discomfort and Nixon's Weak Knee and demanded unusually warm temperature in the studio because new Knicks and sweat easily and during large transmission they put pressure on the studio director and control room to show camera close-ups of Nixon wiping his brow and other emphasizing his 5 shadow. Viewers watch the debates give the results to Kennedy those who heard them on the radio thought Nixon had won, Kennedy won the election by one of the smallest Perotti's in American history.

Lyndon Johnson 869/2

Kennedy's successor 36th president born on farm near Stonewall county Texas moved with his parents to Johnson City five years later. Attended public schools in Texas graduated from Southwest Texas State teaching college at San Marcos teaching high school for three years. Served in Washington as secretary to congressman Kleberg meanwhile attending Georgetown law school and appointed by FDR State Director of National Youth administration of Texas. Elected to congress by special election so they can see caused by death of James Buchanan re-elected to five successive congress's serving April 1937 to January 1949. First member of Congress to enlist after the beginning of World War II and served as Lieutenant Commander and US Navy 1941 to 1942. Elected to US Senate in 1848 real F-250 for 1967 is democratic whip 1951 1953 minority leader 1953 to 5 and Majority Leader 55 261 elected vice president member of chairmen of a number of important Senate committees and subcommittees. At age 26 after I picked him out as possible successor. Unscrupulous. Overwhelming evidence not only a fraud and breaches use of campaign money lawbreaking and many other aspects. Master during his tendency in Whitehouse most active engine for passing legislation and spending money entire history of peacetime America. No president and I even want to listen everywhere. Provided to adopt a kid in Congress to do his bidding. Despite his occasional both of childhood poverty reasonable Comfort Manas home. Young school teacher become aware of extensive poverty and deprivation which in u.s. post listed with great influence. Big spender ft are being always has hero and Exemplar.

Warren Commision 868/3

LBJ pointed commission require a headed by Chief Justice Earl Warren included a senior Southern Senator Richard Russell of Georgia future president Gerald Ford and former head of CIA Allen tools reported that the facts had been as the police have charged and that also would have committed the crime and acted alone. Stay the whole world was and evidently owner of self-styled Marcus the Castro supporter who tried and failed to murder general Edwin Walker and notorious Dallas right when you're in. Authorities in Russia where you live for 32 months regarded him as unstable character and kept him under surveillance. No evidence is found acted in concert with anybody organization rifles kill Kennedy found in depository Oswald's palm print on its stock.

Rosa Parks 891/1

Montgomery Alabama December 1st 1955 black women refused to give up her bus seat to White Rider there by defying the southern custom which will cry black COC it's at the front to White J loads of black boycott companies buses begun and later a year lasted Freedom Riders and sit-in movement followed another southern states

Woolworth's Lunch Counter Sit-In 891/2

Montgomery boycott followed by first anti-segregation sit in February 1st 1964 black college students asked to be served at Woolworths whites-only lunch counter in Greensboro North Carolina turn down and refused to leave sit-ins spread rapidly thereafter

Civil Rights Act/Voting Rights Act 874/2

most important Civil Right enactments achieved main objectives held by the top shade in 1964 of civil rights amendment 24th which will poll taxes and other tax barriers to voting unconstitutional part of Great Society

The Hiss Case 848/2

Nixon played important part in exposing and convicting Alger Hiss. FDR's old campaign contributor Joseph P Kennedy said I just want to know how much I admire you for what you've done in the Hiss case and all the anti-communist activity of yours. The Hiss case did Nixon even more damage with the media against all evidence tried to turn this undoubted Soviet agent and perjure into an American Dreyfuss in order to portray Nixon as Mark I thought witch hunter. Only after Nixon's death was his his guilt finally established Beyond argument by material from Soviets horses.

Henry Kissinger 889/1

Nixon's first Administration successful in clearing up problems left by Kennedy and Johnson administrations senior White House men able and devoted brilliant National Security advisor best team ever assembled extending kessinger between them develop first clear geopolitical strategy for America since retirement of Eisenhower. Concentrate on Atlanta clients relations with China and Russia. Believe from their relations with China could be brought about by intelligence diplomacy that China would then be separated from Russia and in and regime in Russia much regarded as fundamentally and efficient could be fatally undermined. Seek opportunity for South Vietnam people to determine their own political future without outside interference so long as he was fully in charge of US policy you stuck to this resolved. Regarded existence of Vietcong and North Vietnam Army sanctuaries and Cambodia as such interference and decided to bomb them.

Tonkin Resolution 881/1

Senator William Fulbright of Arkansas chairman of Senate Foreign Affairs committee steered through Congress said it effectively gave Johnson the right to go to war without further authorization only two senators voted against it Johnson continue War until August 2nd 1964 North Vietnam attacked American Destroyer Maddox which was conducting electronic Espionage in the Gulf of Tonkin. Summoned Congressional leaders without disclosing the nature of the Maddox Mission accused North Vietnam up open aggression on high seas submitted to center a resolution authorizing him to take all necessary measures to repel any armed attack against the forces of us and to prevent further aggression.

Conscientious Objections 884/2

Supreme Court expanded the basis on which draft could be refused from purely religious tomorrow and ethical reasons grew in relation to the summon to the forces from 8% in 1967 to 43% in 1971. In Last 5 Years of a 1960s about 170,000 of those registered qualified

Diem 880/2

USAir get rid of DM ivalice of Vietnam leaders in additional Merit of being a civilian. Lyndon Johnson vice president described him with some exaggeration as the Churchill the southeast but Kennedy exasperated by his failure to pull over sounding 6s out of Vietnam play and agent rather than policy. 1963 secretly authorized American support for an anti DM officers Coupe de lis took place November 1st and being murdered see I provided 42,000 and bribes for the officers who set up a military Junta worst mistake I ever made was Lyndon Johnson's later verdict.

Dr. Max Jacobson 849/3...850/1

a rogue later lost his medical license and was described by his nose as absolutely a quack. Known to the celebrity clients as dr. Feelgood because of his willingness to inject in feta means laced with steroids, animal cells, and other goodies started to shoot powerful drugs into Jack once twice or even three times a week. Turn down a request move into the White House he succeeded by the summer of 1961 and making the president heavily dependent on amphetamines

Profiles in Courage 850/2

began is disorganized somewhat incoherent from secondary sources and was turned by Theodore Sorensen and a team of academic historians and professional writers into a readable book by Jack. 1958 sold 125000 copies and after intense lobbying by Joe, crock, and other Kennedy set traps, it won Jack the Pulitzer Prize for biography. Those suggested the book was gross written were sued for libel or even, at Joe's request investigated by the FBI

Malcolm X892/2

black racist and proponent of black power.King rival murdered by muslim deb 21, 1956

'Body Bags" 883/3

bombing campaign to bomb North a huge Air Base how to be created at Danang one spawning start a bass have to be protected March 3rd 3000 Providence Marines landed at the name us troop level in Vietnam prison to 80 mm. June to man came for 44 more battalions. Additional forces needed later. We're Americans became involved in ground offense and fighting more of them we're going to think killed came into General and ominous use

Martin Luther King 891/1

boycott ended in desegregation victory for blacks and was led from Atlanta Georgia who is Pastor black Baptist Church in Montgomery. Now I'm fine let militant new brand who followed example of Mahatma Gandhi in India and organizing demonstrations which use numbers and passive resistance rather than force and played religious card. 1957b came first president of a new umbrella group Southern Christian leadership conference. King's house was bonds and he and some colleagues were convicted on various conspiracy charges but cancel emerges natural leader counterproductive for southern Shara sand courts touch and his outstanding oratory cable and losing enormous black crowds.

Robert G. ("Bobby") Baker 870/3

dangling South Carolina serve Johnson as secretary and factotum in years when he was Senate lead. Known on account of his power and influence as a hundred and first senator. Lbj's strong right arm. Private suit filed against Baker in federal court alleging that he had improperly used his influence and sent it to obtain defense contract for his own vending machine firm provoked be of similar accusations against his probity and a number of them LBJ was involved. Senate agreed to investigate the case but LBJ president at times and a committee on which Democrats outnumber Republicans voted solidly on party lines to protect president

Jack Ruby 868/2 2

days after JFK's assassination strip joint owner who was known to various police officers and add access to local station premises approach Oswald as he was being transferred pulled out a concealed handgun and killed Jack his murderer his motive was grief for the murdered president.

Nikita Khrushchev 862/3

impetuous Russian dictator who gave Kennedy the opportunity to pull something out of the Cuban mess. Had his own missile Gap real or imaginary thought the balance of InterContinental missiles was heavily in America's favor and that alter it overnight by stationing medium-range missiles in Cuba. October 16th 1962 Kennedy received incontestable evidence that Russia Was preparing to install nuclear missiles in Cuba that the sites were being prepared an actual missiles and Warheads on the way. Castro said that k sweet to him that his move was something stolen would never dare to. K deliberately lied to Kennedy when questioned he admitted Russia was Armand Castro but gave assurances that the only short-range surface-to-air missiles were being installed. Sent forty-two medium Bridge 1100 mile nuclear missiles in 24 2200 mile nuclear missiles together with 24s a.m. anti-aircraft missile groups in 42,000 Soviet troops and technicians. Hopefully Photograph by U2 aircraft on October 15th.

Arthur Krock 850/2

lying centered on Jack's curriculum. 1940s thesis was written for him by a number of people including New York Times and Joe's personal speech writer who described it and its original state as a very sloppy job most magazine and newspaper clippings truck together. Processed not only allowed to have to graduate cumlaude and also appeared in book form as why England slept. Ojo and his men turned it into a bestseller

The New Left 893/2

mainly white student activist form students for a Democratic Society in your body for what became known as New left

Tet Offensive 885/2

media misrepresentation came to decisive head and handling of the Viet Cong on January 30th 1968. Military position at this time was that Americans and their Vietnamese allies having a strong establish themselves in urban centers of the South we're winning important successes in the countryside too. Persuaded communist to change tactics and try their first major offensive in the open on the first day of tet the Lunar New Year holiday previously observed as a truce units attack five of Vietnam six cities most of its provincial and District capitals and 50 hamlets. Vietnam forces in units of the army of the Republic of Vietnam taken by surprise responded quickly within a week we gain or ground attackers one cameras focused on the continued fighting and who rather than us successes elsewhere

Eugene 'Bull' Connor 892/2

memorable images of local white police chief directing his water cannon and police dogs at black protesters in the segregation campaign in Birmingham Alabama by King. Came briefly jailed and later attempt to bomb him at your first substantial black mom private of campaign. Mass demonstration in Black communities throughout Nation culminated August 28th 1963 and March of 2500 protesters led by King to Washington DC

Great Society 873/2-874/1

obj insisted time to give all Americans benefits of fully financed welfare state speech at University of Michigan to Claritin your time leave opportunity to move out not only towards Rich society and Powerful put towards Great Society meant greatness of heart lbj's redeeming characteristic. We dated a rated this pledge at a pre-election rally it was central theme of his bed after inheriting the presidency from Kennedy to get a full moon date on his own. Assisted by decision of Republicans who did not think that they could be LBJ anyway to nominate perceived extremist from a small state senator Barry Goldwater of Arizona. And knocked program January 3rd 1965 Congress complied concerned not merely it's raising for an ending economic anxieties of all men crew quality of life including access to power of the blacks and the ability of all the exercise civil rights. Included Civil Rights Act and voting right Acts were most important civil right and a commence achieved main objectives helped by adoption in 1964 of civil rights amendment 24th which will poll taxes and other tax barriers to voting unconstitutional. Medicare Medicaid older American act reducing anxiety over Health Care. Omnibus Housing Act 6 building a house for poor and middle-income families introduced rent supplement allowances expanded Housing and Urban Development act, demonstration City and Metropolitan development act provided funds to a Polish ghettos and prove Urban transport and Landscaping plant parks and urban MN to tease and supplemented mass transit Act made first major commitment of federal funds to subsidize bus, Subway, real computer systems.

Lady Bird Johnson 872/3

operated as a civilizing influence in Johnson White House. Repaired The Culinary damage after highly sophisticated Kennedy Chef walked out. Entertain prodigiously over 200,000 guest meals during their five White House years. Texan women spend much of a child in Alabama like her husband used the southern idiom to great effect.

Camelot 855/2

president JFK's wife Jackie Bouvier Kennedy wanted to turn the White House into an updated version of King Arthur's Camelot

Jackie Bouvier Kennedy 855/2

president's wife JFK wanted to turn the Kennedy White House into what she called an updated version of King Arthur's Mythic Camelot and succeeded explosion of superficial cultural bustle which launched age. Jax marriage Jackie have been decided by old show The Boy versus wrapper class but poor. Jackie inherited Amir 3000. Mother was a friend of the socialite wife of Arthur krock, Jose pal and Kennedy's goes right there, and urge to go to bring them together. Joe ordered son to marry Jackie recognize would give Jack the social and cultural Grace he can speciously lacked. Ojo long conversation with Jacky before engagement if she agreed to marry son would never lack anything money could buy for the rest of your life. After marriage Joe at various stages holds meetings with Jacky threatening to go the divorce courts because of Jack's infidelity is to read negotiate the financial conditions under which tab can you would agree to allow the marriage to continue. Covert relationship between Joe and Jackie continued into Joe was disabled by stroke. Retaliated by going on colossal shopping Expeditions if I constantly redecorating all the houses they lived in something which Kennedy hated anyway but particularly if he had to pay for it. Font style gave the White House which really possessed before and ever since. Old Joe and picking Jackie is a son's wife have said he wanted looks birth and breeding all three. Culturally omnivorous and made the president's Houma center of the Arts. Encourage all the best sides of her husband who had not gone to the motion of a First-Class education at choke, Princeton, Harvard without requiring somewhere the interest. Brought out reading habits, liking for intellectual company, willingness to go to plays Opera House ballet entertain and gracious to wide variety of people. Gave us first family something which it always lack sophistication and glamour.

War on Poverty 874/3

produce legislation and form of Equal Opportunity Act and Appalachian Regional development L act which together allocated over 2 billion to various programs in the Head Start act and Higher Education Act introduced better educational opportunities for the poor and less affluent in speech to Congress March 16th 1964 first time in the history of possible to conquer poverty.

Fidel Castro 859/3

self-appointed Guerrilla leader who had taken to the Sierra with 150 followers. Drawback Castro was not Democrat but believer and Marxism leninism and install and Democratic centralism in other authoritarian methods and not least in violence. Spoiled son of a rich Spanish immigrant who made a fortune out of fruit Plantation furnish Armstrong at Revolution very committed variety of crimes including murder and number of Latin American countries. Communist gangster baton achieving personal power at any cost.

Free Speech Movement 893/2

student population growing by hundreds of thousands every year during 60s opportunities for Mass demonstrations grew under stimulus of Vietnam War unless for Success was free speech movement and University of california-berkeley and protest restrictions on student involvement in politics collapse of authorities at Berkeley followed by further student riots at Columbia University Harvard and other campuses in virtually all of which student leaders one huge concessions.

"Throwing money at problems" 875/2

thanks Johnson 1971 first-time federal government spent more on welfare than defense defense cost Rose 10 * remain roughly 45% of GNP welfare spending however increase 25 times shared budget went up to more than half and proportion of GDP is Resort reports nearly 12%. Certain certainly quantities of money were thrown in the second half a decade by federal government

Kent State University 894/1...

when President Nixon appeared on national TV April 30th to announce draft extensions on account of trouble in Cambodia organized series of demos at campus All Over America pushed into riots students at fire to local Army Cadet building in Act of arson ledge to government of Ohio send a 900 National Guardsmen occupied campus. Made for some of these young Guardsman on duty at Kent reacted to rocks thrown at them by students by firing a ball into crowd killing for students to them girls injuring 11 more. Listen turn detonated student riots and many campuses over 200 and since involved burning ransacking destruction of University property recorded. National Guard called out to restore order at 21 campuses and 16 States / 450 colleges closed down. Excess contrast between privileged students engage in nihilism and hard-working kids from poor families getting on with life struck home May 7th New York Rite of construction workers storm City Hall beat up students occupying it first hard hat demo against new left. Nixon silent majority beginning to react.