Ch 8 pre test

When considering the normal tidal​ volume, how much of that is accounted for by the​ "dead space?" A. 500 mL B. 150 mL C. 1,000 mL D. 250 mL

B. 150 mL

What is the process that produces carbon dioxide in the​ body? A.It is formed to serve as the primary energy source for cellular mitochondria. B. An end product of normal cell metabolism. C.A drop in cellular ATP creation. D. The result of abnormal metabolism.

B. An end product of normal cell metabolism.

If the baroreceptors in the aortic root sense a drop in aortic root systolic​ pressure, it will send an impulse to what region of the​ brain, and for what​ purpose? A. ​Cerebellum; to stimulate the parasympathetic nervous system. B. Brainstem; to stimulate the sympathetic nervous system. C. Cerebrum; to stimulate the vasomotor center. D. ​Hypothalamus; to stimulate the hormonal release of the adrenocorticotropic hormone​ (ACTH).

B. Brainstem; to stimulate the sympathetic nervous system.

The term​ "pathophysiology" means​ what? A. The study of the pathway of normal metabolism in the body B. Changes in normal physiology due to disease or injury C. The effects of cancer on the body D. The effect of normal metabolic activity on maintaining the​ body's systems

B. Changes in normal physiology due to disease or injury

Because of dilation of the vascular system in neurogenic​ shock, you would expect the blood pressure​ to: A. Increase. B. Decrease. C. increase as a result of an increase in the heart rate that occurs. D. remain the same.

B. Decrease.

The EMT should recall that if the patient has a mismatch between the ventilation and perfusion of the​ lungs, what negative outcome could​ happen? A. There is too much blood in the cells. B. Hypoxia can occur at the cellular level. C. The patient exhales too much carbon dioxide. D. There is too much glucose circulating in the bloodstream.

B. Hypoxia can occur at the cellular level.

What is the basic function of hydrostatic​ pressure? A. It helps to shift fluid from the interstitial spaces into the vascular spaces. B. It is a force that pushes fluid out of the vessel or capillary bed. C. It is a pulling force that keeps fluid in the cells. D. It helps to shift fluid from the interstitial spaces into the cellular spaces.

B. It is a force that pushes fluid out of the vessel or capillary bed.

What are the two basic molecules that are necessary for normal cell​ metabolism, energy​ creation, and​ function? A. Oxygen and carbon dioxide B. Oxygen and glucose C. Glucose and hydrogen D. Glucose and carbon dioxide

B. Oxygen and glucose

What is the name of the amount of air breathed in and out with each individual​ breath? A. Minute Volume B. Tidal Volume C. Tidal Ventilation D. Residual volume

B. Tidal Volume

When an increase of blood in the left ventricle causes stretching of the​ ventricle, the​ heart: A. can no longer contract. B. contracts more forcefully. C. remains unchanged. D. contracts less forcefully.

B. contracts more forcefully.

The normal signal for the respiratory center of the brain to stimulate the respiratory muscles to increase ventilations would​ be: A. the amount of acids developing in the muscles. B. the amount of CO2 in the arterial blood. .C. the amount of CO2 in the capillaries. D. the amount of oxygen in the venous blood

B. the amount of CO2 in the arterial blood.

The ability of the body to ventilate is an example of what law of​ physics? A. Dalton's law B. ​Boyle's law C. Henry's law D. ​Charles's law

B. ​Boyle's law

When a patient has a lower airway​ obstruction, the MOST likely problem​ is: A.a spasm of the mainstem bronchus. B.bronchoconstriction. C.a piece of meat sitting on the epiglottis. D.swelling of the tongue.

B.bronchoconstriction.

If a patient was breathing ambient​ air, how would you document the amount of oxygen present for alveolar ventilation in percentage​ form? A. 21 B. 0.21% C. ​21% D. ​2.1%

C. 21%

How much of the normal tidal volume does the alveolar ventilation account​ for? A. 250 mL B. 150 mL C. 350 mL .D. 750 mL

C. 350 mL

If a patient is in​ shock, why does his pulse​ increase? A. Because the heart is stunned B. Because the body produces caffeine C. Because of sympathetic nervous system stimulation D. Because the afterload has been reduced

C. Because of sympathetic nervous system stimulatio

In a healthy​ adult, the respiratory rate and depth is regulated primarily by detecting the level of what in the blood​ stream? A. Saturated hemoglobin B. Oxygen levels C. Carbon dioxide levels D. Amounts of red blood cells

C. Carbon dioxide levels

If a patient has an asthma attack with severe​ bronchoconstriction, what effect can it have on his ability to ventilate the​ alveoli? A. It will decrease airway resistance. B. It will decrease airway compliance. C. It will increase airway resistance. D. It will increase airway compliance.

C. It will increase airway resistance.

Why should EMS providers administer oxygen to a patient suspected of​ hypoxia? A. More oxygen in the inspired air will decrease the absorption of other gases present. B. More oxygen in the inspired air will raise the respiratory rate. C. More oxygen in the inspired air will increase the amount absorbed by the blood. D. More oxygen in the inspired air will slow the respiratory rate.

C. More oxygen in the inspired air will increase the amount absorbed by the blood.

What effect would systemic vasoconstriction have on the blood​ pressure? A. The​ B/P remains the same. B. The​ B/P increases only if the heart rate increases. C. The​ B/P increases. D.The​ B/P decreases.

C. The​ B/P increases.

To ensure adequate breathing in a​ patient, the patient must have both an adequate rate of ventilations and an​ adequate: A. number of alveoli. B. thoracic chest wall. C. depth of ventilations. D. decrease in the depth of ventilations.

C. depth of ventilations.

Oxygen is transported through the blood by binding​ to: A. alveoli. B. white blood cells. C. hemoglobin. D.potassium sites.

C. hemoglobin.

The average size adult has a minute ventilation of how many liters per​ minute? A. Eight B. Four C.Six D.Two

C.Six

What are the main constitutes of​ plasma? A.Water B.Intracellular fluid C.Water and proteins D.Water and intracellular fluids

C.Water and proteins

The majority of carbon dioxide is transported in the body by this​ mechanism? A. Dissolved in plasma B. Attached to red blood cells C. Chemically bound by hemoglobin D. By the bloodstream as a bicarbonate ion

D. By the bloodstream as a bicarbonate ion

From what negative affect regarding gas diffusion in the alveoli would a patient with pulmonary edema​ suffer? A. Excessive hyperoxia causing free radical damage to healthy tissue B. Respirations will start to slow and become shallow C. Too much blood flow causes too much carbon dioxide removal D. Inability to oxygenate the blood and remove carbon dioxide

D. Inability to oxygenate the blood and remove carbon dioxide

Why is it so important for the EMT to seal any open penetrations into the chest as quickly as​ possible? A. The heart cannot fill if there is not air in the chest. B. To keep the blood from leaking out of the wound and into the pleural cavity. C. A rib may have been fractured which will decrease lung compliance. D. The lungs will collapse if air gets between the two pleural membranes.

D. The lungs will collapse if air gets between the two pleural membranes.

An example of a patient having respiratory compromise due to a disruption of pleural linings would​ include: A. a mechanical airway obstruction. B. asthma. C. an overdose on a narcotic drug. D. a pneumothorax.

D. a pneumothorax.

​Ultimately, the​ sodium/potassium pump in the cell will fail because of a lack​ of: A. oxygen. B. glucose. C. carbon dioxide. D. energy.

D. energy

If too much sodium accumulates inside the​ cell, the cell begins​ to: A. lose its protective membrane. B. shrink. C. reproduce. D. expand.

D. expand.

Ambient air contains​ MOSTLY: A. carbon dioxide. B. oxygen. C. argon. D. nitrogen.

D. nitrogen

Cardiac output is composed​ of: A. blood pressure and heart rate. B. systemic vascular resistance​ (SVR) and heart rate. C. blood pressure. D. stroke volume and heart rate.

D. stroke volume and heart rate.

Which of the following does not have a direct influence on normal​ perfusion? A.Systemic vascular resistance B.Heart rate C.Blood volume D.Glucose level

D.Glucose level

The distribution of blood flow through the microcirculation is primarily responsive​ to: A.parasympathetic stimulation. B.sympathetic stimulation. C.the postcapillary sphincter. D.local tissue needs.

D.local tissue needs.

What sensory structures are the FIRST to detect arterial blood pressure​ changes? A. Baroreceptors B. Barometers C. pH monitors D.Chemoreceptors

A. Baroreceptors

The exchange of gases at the peripheral tissue capillary level is responsible for the removal of what waste substance from the​ cells? A. CO2 B. Oxygen C. Glucose D. Nitrogen

A. CO2

What causes the pressure change known as plasma oncotic​ pressure? A. Effect of the large proteins in the bloodstream B. Contraction of the left ventricle C.Contraction or relaxation of capillary beds D. The difference between the arterial and venous concentration of electrolytes

A. Effect of the large proteins in the bloodstream

What is the name of the ventilatory volume that is calculated by multiplying the tidal volume by the frequency of​ ventilation? A. Minute Ventilation B. Tidal Volume C. Ventilation Volume D. Respiration Frequency

A. Minute Ventilation

If the patient has a drop in the preload to the​ heart, what will be the effect in the​ patient's peripheral perfusion​ status? A. Peripheral perfusion will likely drop. B. Peripheral perfusion will not be altered. C. Peripheral perfusion will increase whenever stroke volume decreases. D. Blood vessels will dilate in order to elevate the systolic pressure.

A. Peripheral perfusion will likely drop.

When the diaphragm​ contracts, the​ patient: A. inhales. B.coughs. C.is able to speak. D.exhales.

A. inhales.

In order to allow for proper metabolism of peripheral​ tissues, there must be a constant supply of blood​ flow, otherwise known​ as: A.perfusion. B. supraperfusion. C. hyperperfusion. D. hypoperfusion.

A. perfusion.

The component of whole blood that is primarily composed of water is​ the: A. plasma. B. electrolytes in solute. C. albumin. D. electrolytes.

A. plasma.

The basic primary fuel for the cell​ is: A.glucose. B.glucagon. C.carbon dioxide. D.oxygen.

A.glucose.

During anaerobic metabolism in​ cells, what is responsible for creating the acidic state of the​ blood? A. Pyruvate diminishment B. Lactic acid accumulation C. Acetaldehyde development D. Alcohol fermentation

B