Ch 8 SB
Which of the following would be found in a positive issue ad?
"Malia is dedicated to finding ways to improve our community healthcare system." "Ms. Roberts has long been an advocate for improving our schools." "Representative Nadal has been a breath of fresh air in the state house."
At the time of the founding of the nation, journalists were called ______.
"newsmongers"
As of 2019, about _____ percent of the adult population in the United States subscribed to satellite radio.
13
How many notable news magazines are published in Texas?
2
In 2019, a UT/Texas Tribune poll found that what percent of Texans favor legalization of marijuana for medical purposes?
80%
The power of the media to bring issues and problems to the public's attention is called _______ _________ .
Agenda Setting
The impact that round-the-clock news coverage has had on the media is called the _____ effect.
CNN
The collection, dissemination, and analysis of news and information by the general public, especially by means of the Internet, is called _____ journalism.
Citizen
What 2010 U.S. Supreme Court decision ruled that corporations and unions have a First Amendment right to spend unlimited funds on campaign advertisements, as long as the ads were not formally "coordinated" with any candidate?
Citizens United v. Federal Elections Commission
The purpose of mass media gatekeeping is ______.
Determining Newsworthiness
True or false: The use of attack ads is decreasing because they often backfire and harm the sponsoring candidate rather than the intended target.
False
_____ are carefully planned discussions designed to obtain perceptions on a defined area of interest in a permissive, non-threatening environment.
Focus groups
Research has shown that newspapers from counties near the U.S.-Mexico border tend to have an overall negative slant toward immigrants. This "slant" is an example of ______.
Framing
__________ is the media's attempts to focus attention on certain events and place them in context for meaning.
Framing
What is the most widely circulated newspaper in Texas today?
Houston Chronicle
How has the Internet affected political campaigns' ability to control their messages?
It has increased it.
Which of the following is a problematic aspect of citizen journalism?
It may lack context.
Why is Texas a state in which digital media can be especially cost-saving for statewide campaigns?
It's very large and costly to travel to all areas in person.
Though over 10 billion tweets go out on Twitter every day, what did researchers at Carnegie Mellon University discover about people's opinions of many of those tweets?
Less than one-third of the tweets reflected information worth reading.
_____ is a published false statement that is damaging to a private individual's reputation.
Libel
__________ media is a means of communication that reaches many individuals.
Mass
The actual or perceived failure of the media to report news objectively is called ______.
Media Bias
The most popular podcasts reflect content hosted by ______.
National Public Radio
_____ is the principle that Internet service providers should enable access to all content and applications regardless of the source and without favoring or blocking particular products or websites.
Net neutrality
In 1948, Texas's first television station began operating and broadcast a speech by whom?
President Harry Truman
_____ provides a specific context and background through which audiences engage with a particular topic or story and repeats it over time.
Priming
___________ is the ability of the media to help shape public opinion respecting an event or a person in the public sphere.
Priming
The news media, in particular, operate as an institution within the _____ sphere.
Public
The aggregate of attitudes of individuals and groups on a particular topic is referred to as __________ __________.
Public Opinion
Texas's government is predominantly ______.
Republican
The media cultivate and influence the public's social reality and mirror society's culture back to the viewer through ______.
Resonance
When media reinforce and magnify existing beliefs about the reality of an event, it is an example of ___________.
Resonance
One big advantage of the use of digital media for political campaigns is that it ______.
Saves Money
Push polls are considered outright illegitimate for which of the following reasons?
Scientific sampling is not used. They attack opposing candidates and ideas.
The systematic selection of particular news that presents a distorted view of reality is called _____ bias.
Selection
In what language was Texas's first newspaper published?
Spanish
_____ are perhaps the greatest threat to traditional media's longevity.
Streaming Services
In its 2020 polling, the UT/Tribune survey determined what about support for Republican Governor Abbot?
Texas Republicans supported him overwhelmingly.
Which of the following statements about socialization are true?
The family is generally the strongest and most persistent agent of socialization. The process of socialization begins the moment one is born. Generational effects influence the attitudes and opinions of the peer group as agents of socialization.
_____ state(s) that candidates must be given an opportunity to respond to any criticism made by a television or radio media outlet.
The right of rebuttal
In its 2018 polling, the UT/Tribune survey determined what about Texans' support for ending the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) program, as outlined by the Trump administration?
There is more support among Texas Democrats to keep DACA than Republican consensus to end it.
What is one problem associated with focus groups?
They are less quantitatively measured.
In the 2016 election cycle, campaigns were expected spent over $4 billion on television advertisements. How effective, generally, are these ads?
They don't seem to have much impact.
In which of the following ways have social media proven to be disruptive to the traditional forms of media?
They expose many to news outside of mainstream sources. They allow citizens to shape the news agenda. They have made people part of the news as it happens.
Which of the following correctly describes how the news media treat negative ads?
They often denounce them on air.
Citizens' use of social media to obtain information is both detrimental and beneficial to democracy.
True
True or false: Connecting with the public directly is the most important advantage that the Internet offers political campaigns.
True
What role did Twitter play in the 2016 Dallas Black Lives Matter protest march shootings?
Tweets helped prove that a suspected shooter was actually innocent.
Approximately what portion of American adults use at least one form of social media to share information?
Two-thirds
According to Harold Lasswell's model, what questions should we ask in order to better understand "the media"?
What is the message? What is the method? Who is the sender? Who is the audience?
Citizen journalism is especially problematic on _____ because people generally ignore the site's guidelines about attribution.
YouTube
Paul Baran, one of the Internet's earliest pioneers, presciently predicted that the rise of channel choice would lead to which of the following?
a decline in dialogue between community members with different viewpoints
Which of the following are among the influences that affect individual Texans' opinions?
a traditionalistic culture conservatively biased media coverage
A fundamental function of the media is to decide what is news. This is called ______.
agenda setting
As of 2018, approximately what percentage of Americans rely upon television broadcasts for their news?
approximately 40 percent
In the 1990 GOPAC push to get Republican candidates elected, Newt Gingrich helped develop _____ into a fine art.
attack ads
census survey
counts the individuals in a population
Which of the following would be classified as "hard news"?
coverage of a U.S. Senate election an investigative report on wasteful spending by the Department of Defense an interview with the head of a foreign nation
The echo chamber effect results in ______.
diminished exposure to conflicting information
When users self-select information on social media, the result is a(n) ______.
echo chamber
The category of public opinion that is defined as "rhetorical construction used so freely in our newspapers and on television as to be meaningless" is called ______.
fiction
What did "freedom of the press" mean at the time of the founding of the United States?
freedom to use an actual printing press
After the _____ determines newsworthiness, it uses agenda setting, priming, and framing to transform the remaining information into news stories.
gatekeeper
interest group conflict
groups are constantly engaged in a struggle to define social problems and provide solutions to them
The Children's Internet Protection Act (CIPA) sought to protect children from ______.
harmful materials online
What is the first step in the survey process?
identifying the population
When citizens self-select news sources that are in harmony with their own perspectives and reject those that are not, ______.
ideological gaps among the citizenry form
sample survey
interviews a nonscientific sampling of people within a population
probability sample survey
interviews a scientifically determined sampling of people within a population
Deeply researched stories that uncover serious crime, corruption, or corporate wrongdoing are called _____ journalism, something in which notable news magazines engage.
investigative
Which of the following best characterizes a "public"?
its communicative nature
According to Jan E. Leighley's research, when the mass media are watchdogs on government and on the political elite, they are following the _____ model.
neutral adversaries
As compared to newspapers, news magazines ______.
offer more substantive coverage.
This American Life and the New York Times The Daily are examples of very popular ______.
podcasts
Which of the following refers to engagement in the public sphere that encompasses all media and messages between and among citizens, the media, and the governing elite?
political communication
The process through which we learn political attitudes and opinions is called ______.
political socialization
A television ad with a candidate on horseback, looking rugged with his loyal dog beside him and describing how he wants to protect Second Amendment rights, would be an example of what type of ad?
positive issue ad
In terms of medium, which of the following are categorizations we use?
print electronic
media/elite opinion
projection of what journalists, politicians, and other "elites" believe
According to Jan E. Leighley's research, when the mass media are pushers of a particular individual/politician, product, or idea, they are following the _____ model.
propagandist
What are the three broad functions the media serve within their communities?
providing information acting as a link shaping perception
The _____ is a community's arena. It allows individuals to freely discuss and identify societal problems and influence political action.
public sphere
Political scientist Thomas Patterson argues that the _____ that citizens can access affects their interest in the news.
quality of information
panel survey
reinterviews people to determine changes in opinion over time
Paul Barran believed that, when cleavages in society emerged due to the choice of channels, the essential role of all media sources should be to ______.
respect the overarching principles of democratic theory
fiction
rhetorical construction used so freely in our newspapers and on television as to be meaningless
The earliest form of public opinion polling (as we know it today) consisted of newspapers setting up outside polling places and interviewing voters after they cast their ballots. These polls are called ______.
straw polls
Which of the following would be classified as spending on traditional media for a political campaign?
television ads billboards direct mail
Recent research shows that _____ remain(s) the most effective single medium available for the acquisition of political information.
television news
According to anthropologist Thomas de Zengotita, what 1963 event, which was widely covered in the media, changed people's perception of the news?
the assassination of President Kennedy in Dallas
During what era of American history did almost 95 percent of U.S. households own radios?
the end of World War II
aggregation
the simple sum of many individual opinions
majoritarian
the values and beliefs of the majority of citizens
Citizens consider information they receive directly from the media in light of _____, exacerbating media bias.
their own ideological biases
Today, we use "press" and "media" somewhat interchangeably. At the founding of the nation, ______.
these two words had more nuanced meanings
What is the point of a push poll?
to attack a candidate or issue
Which of the following are examples of errors that should be accounted for in a poll's margin of error?
total versus actual sample size sampling errors response rate
The media are typically categorized by ______.
type of message and type of media
When candidates and campaigns use social media sites to share news with the public, they are better able to control which of the following?
who sees the news what is covered how a story is covered
