CH 8/9

belief perseverance

A potential source of irrationality is ______________, our tendency to cling to our views in the face of contradictory evidence.

prototype

A(n) ____________ is a mental image or best example of all the features we associate with a category.

Episodic

Because she drank too much alcohol, Deanna barely remembers her twenty-first birthday. That is, her _____memory of that evening is sketchy.

state-dependent memory.

Ralph came home quite drunk from a party on Saturday night. Luckily he was given a ride home. He threw his apartment keys down somewhere and immediately fell asleep. He may not be able to find his keys until he is once again drunk because of:

Active Processing

Short-term memories have a limited life without:

a fixation

You need to fix the mowing deck on your lawn tractor because the pin has come out and is now nowhere to be found. You know that you cannot mow the lawn without securing the deck, but then you see a zip tie normally used to bind wires together. You use it to temporarily secure the deck. You have successfully overcome:

that it can form concepts.

Your friend has trained his cockatiel Lucy to discriminate between pictures of dogs and cats. He shows Lucy a picture of a dog and she pecks at a dog symbol on the cage. When he shows her a picture of a cat, she pecks at a cat symbol. Lucy the cockatiel is showing:

Mnemonic

____ aids can be used to help remember things like speeches or lists of items. These aids often incorporate the use of vivid imagery and organizational devices.

short-term

After Maya gave her friend the password to a protected website, the friend was able to remember it only long enough to type it into the password box. In this instance, the password was clearly stored in her friend's _____memory.

overconfidence

At the beginning of a race, someone asks a group of runners if they think they will come in first, they all say yes. This BEST illustrates:

new and valuable ideas

Creativity is the ability to produce:

Cerebellum

Damage to the _____ would MOST likely interfere with learning a conditioned fear response to the sight of a dog that had bitten you on several occasions.

family loyalty, altruism, and transmission of cultural patterns

Dr. Tan is interested in studying primate behavior as it is related to primate thought. If she wants to study behavior that other animal researchers have already found in primates, which of the following topics should she choose?

Mnemonic aid

Employing the single word HOMES to remember the names of North America's five Great Lakes BEST illustrates the use of:

one's first kiss.

Episodic memory is exemplified by one's memory of:

availability

If someone estimates the likelihood of events based on the ease with which he or she can retrieve it from memory, he or she is demonstrating the _____ heuristic.

were slightly distracted

In research studies in which subjects were asked to make a choice regarding a complex problem, they made the best decision when they:

Echoic

Jamal's brother often pretends to listen to what Jamal is saying when he is really focused elsewhere. When Jamal asks him, "What did I just say?" his brother can sometimes repeat Jamal's last few words. This likely reflects his _____ memory.

Glutamate

Long-term potentiation (LTP) is enhanced by the neurotransmitter:

90

Participants in a study conducted by Ralph Haber were shown more than 2,500 slides of faces and places for only 10 seconds each. Later they were shown 280 of these slides paired with an unseen slide. The participants were able to recognize approximately _____ percent of the slides they had seen before.

Rehearsal

Rory agreed to join a biology study group. When the study group leader gave him her phone number, he had nothing on which to record the number. So, Rory repeated the number to himself several times until he found a pen to write the number on his hand. The process Rory used to encode the number into longer-term memory is called: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button.

prototype

Scott more quickly recognizes that a blue jay is a bird than that a penguin is a bird. This is because the blue jay more closely resembles his ___________ of a bird.

State-dependent memory

The phenomena of forgetting information learned while intoxicated until the person is once again intoxicated BEST reflects:

framing

Tiffany is a young sales representative who is just starting out. After her first few months on the job, she notices that potential clients respond better when she tells them that the product is successful 99 percent of the time, instead of saying that the error rate is 1 percent. This is an example of:

Short-term

To make a long-distance call, one has to dial an unfamiliar phone number. One is likely to have trouble retaining the number one just looked up. This BEST illustrates the limited capacity of _____ memory. Please type the correct answer in the following input field, and then select the submit answer button or press the enter key when finished.

Amygdala

We remember exciting or shocking events for a long time due to activation of the limbic system's _____.

The primacy effect refers to the fact that:

the items presented first on a list are more likely to be remembered than items on the middle of the list.