Ch. 9 Psych 1010 (smartbook)
The Oedipal conflict is typically resolved by which event?
Becoming similar to the same-sex parent
___ assessment can be carried out naturalistically or in a laboratory and involves careful observation of an individual's behavior.
Behavioral or Behavioristic
The approach to personality that stresses the conscious more than the unconscious is the _____ approach.
humanistic
The pleasure principle is most closely tied to the _____.
id
The biological and evolutionary approaches to personality contend that personality is ___.
inherited
A condition characterized by significant limitations in both intellectual functioning and conceptual, social, and practical adaptive skills is known as _____.
intellectual disability
A test devised to quantify a person's level of intelligence is called a(n) _____ test.
intelligence
For psychologists, ___ is the capacity to understand the world, think rationally, and use resources effectively.
intelligence
The capacity to understand the world, think rationally, and use resources effectively when faced with challenges is known as _____.
intelligence
What is the name of Sigmund Freud's theory that unconscious forces act as determinants of personality?
Psychoanalytic theory
According to Freud, the contents of the unconscious ___ (can/cannot) be observed directly by a psychologist.
cannot
According to Carl Jung, our collective unconscious is inherited from _____. (Select all that apply.)
distant ancestors our parents nonhuman animals
According to the psychoanalytic theory, the _____ deals with reality.
ego
The ___ must balance the wishes of the id and the demands of the superego.
ego
A statistical method of identifying patterns among a large number of variables and combining them into more fundamental groupings is called _____.
factor analysis
Factor analysis is a projective technique used to analyze personality that is very subjective.
false
Psychological tests are biological tests, such as blood tests, that help determine which medication a person needs.
false
True or false: Traits are characteristics of a person that change quite frequently.
false
The ability to think in a logical way, solve problems, and reason abstractly is _____ intelligence.
fluid
According to Carl ___, our collective unconscious is inherited from a variety of sources in our lives.
jung
According to Freud's psychosexual development, during the ___ period, the child has no sexual interests.
latency
Traits are consistent characteristics that tend to display themselves _____.
repeatedly over time and in many different situations
Fred is highly sociable, but Lynn is much less so. This indicates that people can vary in the degree to which they display a(n) ___.
trait
True or false: According to the social cognitive approach, thoughts and feelings are important aspects of personality.
true
True or false: Fluid intelligence encompasses the mind's ability to reason abstractly.
true
True or false: Trait theorists assume that individuals vary in the degree to which they exhibit a certain trait.
true
Freud argued that the ___ may contain information that is more threatening than the contents of the preconscious
unconscious
Freud maintained that personality is a reflection of both conscious and ___ processes.
unconscious
Unlike other approaches to personality, psychodynamic approaches focus on the ___ mind.
unconscious
Which approach to personality suggests that people can change through self-motivated effort?
Humanistic
The ___ is entirely unconscious and compels people to get what they want.
ID
___ ___ are characterized by significant limitations in both intellectual functional and conceptual, social, and practical adaptive skills.
Intellectual disabilities
The ___ conflict is resolved when one becomes similar to the same-sex parent.
Oedipal
Around what age does the anal stage of psychosexual development begin?
1 to 2 years
Which of the following does NOT represent an application of fluid intelligence?
A retired plumber argues that the plumbing system is the most critical part of an architectural foundation.
The idea that we inherit our personality is consistent with which of the following models?
Evolutionary
Which of the following behaviors might an adult who is fixated at the oral stage exhibit?
Smoking
Which of the following best describes the social cognitive approach to personality?
There is an emphasis on thinking and behavior.
Which of the following approaches disregards both the conscious and unconscious? (Select all that apply.)
Trait Learning Biological
Which of the following is an idea most related to psychoanalytic theory?
Unconscious forces influence personality.
The humanistic approach believes that people are _____.
able to change through conscious, self-motivated effort
Around the age of 1 to 2 years, the ___ stage begins, and the major source of pleasure changes from the mouth to this region.
anal
According to Freud, the contents of the unconscious _____.
are inferred from behavior
Projective personality tests are so called because they _____.
are projections of the tester's personality
Self-report measures gather data about people by _____.
asking them questions
___ ___ is a direct measure of an individual's behavior designed to describe characteristics indicative of personality.
behavioral assessment
At what age does the oral stage of psychosexual development begin?
birth
During the latency period of psychosexual development, the child focuses on _____.
nonsexual interests
Behavioral assessment involves _____.
observation
According to Sternberg, ___ intelligence relates to overall success in living.
practical
The type of intelligence related to overall success in living is known as _____ intelligence.
practical
According to Freudian theory, the _____ contains material that is easily brought to mind, whereas the _____ contains material that is not easily accessible because the material in it is threatening.
preconscious; unconscious
A test that requires the interpretation of ambiguous images is a(n) ___ personality test.
projective
According to ___ theory, the unconscious mind must be exposed to understand personality.
psychoanalytic
The motivating forces behind _____ approaches to personality are based in the unconscious.
psychodynamic
Standard measures devised to assess behavior objectively are called _____ tests.
psychological
Intelligence tests are tests devised to ___ a person's intelligence.
quantify
___-report measures gather data about people by asking them questions.
self
According to the social cognitive approach, belief in your ability to carry out a specific task and achieve the desired outcome is called ___-___.
self-efficacy
Based on your performance on the first exam, you believe that you will do well in this class. In other words, you are experiencing a high level of _____.
self-efficacy
