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The idea that capable readers learn more vocabulary because they read more is an example of the:

Matthew Effect

The best way to encourage independent reading is to allot time for:

Sustained Silent Reading

The children in Tom Brown's class enjoy playing word games such as Scrabble and like to revise their writing by adding more colorful adjectives. This behavior suggests that the students have developed:

Word Consciousness

A third grade teacher would like to help his students think more deeply about words and consider their meanings. An appropriate activity to accomplish that task would be:

Word Sorts

Of the following, the most important reason for reading aloud to children is that:

children learn many new words incidentally as they listen

Research has found that:

children with larger vocabularies are more capable readers

The English word pioneer is similar in looks and meaning to the Spanish word pionero. These words are examples of:

cognates

Emma could not read the word birthday when she saw it written in isolation on the chalkboard. Later the teacher wrote the sentences, "Emma is six today. Her dad will bake a cake. Today is Emma's birthday". Emma recognized the word birthday when she saw it in a sentence. The most likely explanation is that Emma determined the word by using:

context clues

A teacher wants to increase her students' interest in learning new words and she wants them to be able to spell high-frequency words independently in their compositions. The principal correctly suggested that the best way to accomplish these goals would be to:

create a word wall in the classroom

While planning a lesson, a teacher noted that the social studies textbook chapter referred repeatedly to the terms equator, longitude, and latitude. This teacher should:

explicitly teach these terms to help students understand the content area material

English learners in the class seemed confused when the teacher used expressions such as "Raining cats and dogs" and "A bird in the hand". These expressions are examples of:

idioms

Second grade teacher Rose Carmel would like to monitor her students' vocabulary growth. Of the following, the best way for this teacher to determine whether her students understand the meaning of new words would be to:

listen to students' conversation during word study activities

The explicit, dictionary meaning of a word is referred to as the

literal meaning

The principal gave new teacher Bill Brown a set of dictionaries for his fourth grade classroom and correctly advised him that he should:

model techniques for selecting the most appropriate definitions

A teacher helped his students understand the meaning of the prefix post by discussing terminology used in football games such as postseason and postgame. With this lesson, the teacher introduced his students to:

morphemic analysis

A second grade teacher wants to give her students as much time as possible for daily independent reading so she has correctly decided to use:

reading workshop

For vocabulary instruction to be effective, children must:

relate the new words to their background knowledge

When she examined compositions, third grade teacher Madeline Church, found that her students used basic words such as good and bad instead of more descriptive adjectives. To help the students use more effective words, this teacher should:

teach the students to use a thesaurus

Of the following, the factor which has the strongest influence on students' vocabulary development is:

time spent reading

It is especially important for teachers to read aloud to struggling readers because struggling readers:

typically read fewer books by themselves