Ch.1 Food Choices and Human Health

Todd is a 26-year-old personal trainer who requires 3,000 calories per day. Todd is very conscientious about his diet and ensures his daily food intake does not exceed or fall below 3,000 calories. What characteristic of a nutritious diet does Todd's diet display?

a. adequacy b. moderation c. calorie control d. balance C

What type of research studies are performed under tightly controlled conditions and are used to determine mechanisms of cause and effects?

a. case studies b. intervention studies c. laboratory studies d. epidemiological studies C

The macronutrient least used for fuel

protein

Which statement is true about the scientific method as it relates to nutrition?

A. The scientific method is a unique process for nutrition researchers compared to other fields of study. B. The scientific method is a set of instructions for researchers to develop and test new knowledge. C. The scientific method is just starting to be used by nutrition researchers within the last 10 years. D. Scientific research has filled in 99 percent of knowledge areas for the field of nutrition. B

Not an essential energy source

Alcohol

Madison admits that she needs to make changes to her food habits and patterns. She wants to be an example to her daughter. What stage of behavioral change is characterized by admitting that change may be needed?

Contemplation

Madison is interested in learning more about nutrition and does a quick online search. She finds a credible government resource, Healthy People 2030. She was surprised to learn that the nation used a set of standards to create goals for her and daughter's health. How often are these standards updated?

Every decade

You take the final step in the CLAIM method and Make the Call. True or False? The video reports information that would be deemed Good Science.

False

You take the next step in the CLAIM method and Investigate other research on the product. You can't find any research that backs the manufacturer's claims. True or False? That is probably because it is top-secret, cutting-edge research not available to the public.

False

Located in bones, teeth, and fluids within body

Minerals

Which statement about our genes is true?

Only 0.1% of the human genome accounts for all our individual differences.

What type of research studies use population-based information from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) to determine correlations between dietary practices and health?

a. epidemiological studies b. clinical studies c. intervention studies d. case studies A

True or false? The letter L in the CLAIM method stands for Look for bias in funding.

True

Easily destroyed by heat and light

Vitamins

If you eat a ham sandwich that has 12 grams of proteins, how many calories are you getting from proteins?

a. 24 calories b. 36 calories c. 48 calories d. 60 calories C

Anna's meal consists of a bean burrito, tortilla chips, Greek yogurt, and a cup of chocolate ice cream. The total caloric value of this meal is 630 calories, of which 55% is from carbohydrate, 12% from protein, and 33% from fat. Find out how many grams of carbohydrate, protein, and fat this meal provides. (Round your answer to the nearest whole number.)

a. 348 grams of carbohydrate, 76 grams of protein, 207 grams of fat b. 87 grams of carbohydrate, 19 grams of protein, 23 grams of fat c. 75 grams of carbohydrate, 33 grams of protein, 21 grams of fat d. 144 grams of carbohydrate, 47 grams of protein, 52 grams of fat B

Which food item will provide the most calories?

a. 40 grams of sugar (carbohydrate) b. 30 grams of salt (mineral) c. 35 grams of soy protein (protein) d. 25 grams of butter (lipid) D

A scoop of premium ice cream has 5 grams of protein, 21 grams of carbohydrate, and 22 grams of fat. How many total calories will this provide?

a. 48 calories b. 100 calories c. 192 calories d. 302 calories D

The A in the CLAIM method stands for Analyze the research methods, which can be easier said than done. Which of the following would be a red flag indicating faulty or false research methods?

a. A supplement's website doesn't provide the research that its claims are based on. b. The supplement's website gives snippets of the research, but not the whole story. c. The disclaimer below the ad that reads, "results are not typical." d. All of these D

Which of the following causes of death is directly related to diet?

a. Alzheimer's disease b. sickle-cell anemia c. stroke d. pneumonia and influenza C

You are reading a brief on a research study, and it states, "The soil in this coastal area is poor in the mineral selenium, and therefore, people living here have an increased risk for heart disease." What type of a research study will this information indicate?

a. Case studies b. Intervention studies c. Epidemiological studies d. Clinical trials C

The very first step in verifying a statement about a product is represented by the C in CLAIM. What does the letter C stand for?

a. Credential check b. Celebrity endorsement c. Cover all the key points d. Check the source D

Once a weakness is identified, what is the next step in behavior change?

a. Identify a behavior change-theory model for adoption. b. Collect information about health effects of current behavior. c. Set small, achievable goals. d. Track progress based on current behavior. C

We get energy in the form of calories from food. What are the energy-yielding nutrients?

a. fiber, fats, and proteins b. fiber, carbohydrates, and vitamins c. carbohydrates, minerals, and proteins d. carbohydrates, fats, and proteins D

In terms of the process of change, how many stages of behavior modification are typically described by psychologists?

a. four b. nine c. ten d. six D

What characteristics BEST describe a carbohydrate?

a. inorganic, energy-yielding, essential b. organic, energy-yielding, nonessential c. organic, energy-yielding, essential d. inorganic, energy-yielding, nonessential C

Donna has started reading books on weight loss and fitness and has decided to join the local gym to increase her physical activity. She also considers joining a Weight Watcher's program to learn how to improve her food habits. In which stage of behavior change is Donna in right now?

a. precontemplation b. action c. preparation d. contemplation D

Which of the following is the second-most important factor that influences food choices made by U.S. consumers?

a. price b. advertising c. taste d. availability A

Which of the following food constituents should be limited in our daily diet to reduce the risk of chronic disease, thereby illustrating the principle of "moderation"?

a. saturated fats, added sugars, sodium b. soluble fiber, vitamin C, glucose c. maltose, omega-3 fats, vitamin E d. salt, vitamin B, magnesium A

A balanced diet helps in maintaining good health. A poor diet can increase risk for all the chronic diseases given below EXCEPT

a. stroke b. pneumonia c. diabetes d. heart disease B

You explain that a nutritious diet is an eating pattern that follows the A, B, C, M, V principles. What are these?

adequacy, balance, calorie control, moderation, and variety

A major energy source with 4 kcal per gram

carbohydrates

Which of the following are macronutrients that the body needs?

carbohydrates, fats, and proteins

The most energy-dense

fat

which four are directly related to dietary choices?

heart disease, cancers, strokes, and diabetes

What are some contributing factors of malnutrition?

vitamin deficiencies, excess of nutrients, energy imbalance

What's the best definition of a functional food?

whole or modified foods that contain bioactive food components believed to provide health benefits

In which step of the scientific method is a tentative solution to the problem or an answer to the research question constructed?

a. Design a study and conduct the research to collect relevant data. b. Summarize, analyze, and interpret the data; draw conclusions. c. Formulate a hypothesis and make a prediction that can be tested. d. Identify a problem to be solved or ask a specific question to be answered. C

A nutritious diet is an eating pattern characterized by five principles: adequacy, balance, calorie control, moderation, and variety.

a. True b. False T

What is an essential nutrient?

a. a nutrient that must be obtained from food b. a nutrient that contains vitamins and minerals c. a nutrient that is made by the body whenever needed d. a nutrient that contains carbohydrates, proteins, and fats A