ch10 Emotional and Social development in Middle Childhood
Children who successfully resolve the psychologigcal conflict of industry vs inferiority develop what?
a sense of competence at task, a positive but realistic self concept, pride in accomplishment, moral responsibility, and the ability to work cooperatively with classmates
children with this type of parents have low self esteem, they rely on others to inflate their self worth
disapproving
This emotion managing strategy is internal and private. It aims to control distress and emotion when little can be done
emotion centered coping
When emotional self regulation has developed well, children develop what?
emotional self efficacy
these children attribute their failures, not successes, to ability. They conclude it was luck when they succeed and believe ability is fixed and cant be improved
learned helplessness
these type of children credit their success to their ability. They see it as something they can improve through trying and hard work. Failures attributed to factors that can be changed
mastery-oriented attributions
This results from middle childhood increase ability at perspective taking and incorporating these ideas into their own self-definitions
social comparisons
During middle childhood, self descriptions often include frequent references to ________
social groups (boy scouts, etc..)
Erikson believed that the combination of adult expectations and children's drive toward mastery sets the stage for
the psychological conflict of middle childhood, industry vs inferiority
children with this type of parents have a sense of inadequacy
controlling parents
selman's level 3: ages 10-15
Children can step outside a two-person situation and imaging how they appear to a third, impartial person
__________ five stage sequence describes changes in perspective taking
Robert Selman's
________ parenting is linked to higher self esteem
authoritative
children with this type of parents feel really good about themself
authoritative
selman's leve 1, ages 4-9
chidlren understand that different perspectives may result because people have access to different info
selman's level 2: ages 7-12
children can step into another person's shoes and view their own thoughts, feelings, and behavior from that person's perspective. They also recognize that others can do the same
Changes in self concept during middle childhood (ages 8-11)
children emphasize competencies and description in all or none traits.
Selman's level 0, ages 3-6
children recognize that self and other can have different thoughts, but they frequently confuse the two
As children move into adolescence, self concept is increasingly vested in feedback from _______
close friends
form of supervision where parents exericse oversight while letting children take charge of moment
coregulation
Self esteem ________ over first few years of elementary school
declines
Empathy ________ in middle childhood because children recognize they can experience more than one emotion at a time
increases
selman's level 5: 14-adult
individuals understand that third party perspective taking can be influenced by one or more systems of larger societal values
children with this type of parents have unrealisticall high self esteem and often lash out at those that challenge them
indulgent
US= _____attributes, China=_______attributes
personal, group
Middle childhood brings major advances in ________ taking
perspective
This emotion managing strategy is to appraise the situation as changeable and decide what to do about it
problem centered coping
By age 10, most children shift adaptively between these two emotion managing strategies
problem-centered coping and emotion centered coping
Then from fourth grade on, self esteem ______ for most as they feel good about athletic accomplishments and capabilities
rises
When is industry vs inferiority resolved?
when children develop a sense of competence at useful skills and tasks
Best way to foster a postive, secure self-image is to encourage children to strive for ______
worthwhile goals