Ch16 HW: The Endocrine System

The anterior pituitary hormone that controls the release of glucocorticoids from the adrenal cortex is __________. PRL ACTH TSH CRH

ACTH

Which of the following hormones is secreted by the posterior pituitary? Prolactin ADH TSH Somatostatin

ADH

What hormone also aids the stress response by promoting water retention and acting as a vasoconstrictor? View Available Hint(s) aldosterone angiotensin II ADH (vasopressin) cortisol

ADH (vasopressin)

Which of the following is an example of a negative feedback loop? During lactation, as an infant suckles, it stimulates the release of prolactin in the mother. Prolactin causes more milk to be produced for the infant to suckle. This continues until the infant stops breast feeding. During blood clotting, chemicals are secreted by wounded tissues that recruit platelets to the area. As the platelets arrive, they secrete more of the same chemicals, recruiting more platelets to the wound. This continues until the wound is clotted. Baroreceptors in the arteries send a signal to the brain that the blood pressure is low. The brain sends a chemical signal to the heart to increase its rate of pumping. This continues until the baroreceptors sense a normal blood pressure. During childbirth, pressure on the cervix stimulates the release of oxytocin. This causes contractions, and therefore puts more pressure on the cervix. This cycle continues until the baby is born.

Baroreceptors in the arteries send a signal to the brain that the blood pressure is low. The brain sends a chemical signal to the heart to increase its rate of pumping. This continues until the baroreceptors sense a normal blood pressure.

Body cells that respond to insulin include View Available Hint(s) Muscle cells only. Intestinal cells only. Liver cells and muscle cells only. Liver cells only. Liver cells, as well as most other cells of the body.

Liver cells, as well as most other cells of the body.

What cells in the body respond to glucagon by breaking down glycogen and releasing glucose? View Available Hint(s) Liver cells and cells in the pancreas. Intestinal cells. Cells in the pancreas. Liver cells. Muscle cells.

Liver cells.

A liver cell responds to insulin by View Available Hint(s) Releasing glucagon. Breaking down glycogen and releasing glucose. Taking in glucose and converting it to glycogen. Taking in glucose and converting it to glucagon. Releasing insulin.

Taking in glucose and converting it to glycogen.

When blood glucose levels are low View Available Hint(s) The pancreas releases glucagon, which eventually causes blood glucose levels to increase. Liver cells convert more glucose to glycogen. The pancreas releases insulin, which eventually causes blood glucose levels to decrease. The pancreas releases glucagon, which eventually causes blood glucose levels to decrease. The pancreas releases insulin, which eventually causes blood glucose levels to increase.

The pancreas releases glucagon, which eventually causes blood glucose levels to increase.

When blood glucose levels are high View Available Hint(s) The liver releases insulin. The pancreas releases glucose. The liver releases glucagon. The pancreas releases insulin. The pancreas releases glucagon.

The pancreas releases insulin.

Which of the following is not one of the functions of the endocrine system? promotes growth maintains fluid balance regulates metabolic reactions controls memory and learning

controls memory and learning

What first tier hormone stimulates cortisol production? growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) somatostatin corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)

corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)

In response to stress, which of the following changes would happen? View Available Hint(s) decreased or difficulty breathing decreased cardiac output decreased insulin secretion decreased sweating

decreased insulin secretion

Which of the following hormones is a part of the rapid response (rather than the prolonged response) to stress? View Available Hint(s) cortisol epinephrine ADH (vasopressin) aldosterone

epinephrine

Aldosterone regulates: extracellular sodium and potassium ion levels. blood calcium ion levels. blood glucose levels. blood iodide ion levels.

extracellular sodium and potassium ion levels.

High levels of testosterone inhibit the release of: gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH). growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH).

gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH).

Which of the following are symptom(s) of pheochromocytoma? View Available Hint(s) slow heart rate low blood glucose cool, dry skin heart palpitations

heart palpitations

Excess cortisol could result in: low blood pressure. an alkaline blood pH. increased parasympathetic nervous system activation. high blood glucose levels.

high blood glucose levels.

The body's tendency to maintain relatively constant internal conditions is called View Available Hint(s) homeostasis. diabetes. negative feedback. positive feedback. None of the above.

homeostasis

What stimulates the release of parathyroid hormone (PTH)? hypercalcemia cold temperatures low basal metabolic rate hypocalcemia

hypocalcemia

Where is antidiuretic hormone (ADH, or vasopressin) made? hypothalamus thyroid gland anterior pituitary posterior pituitary

hypothalamus

What is NOT an effect of parathyroid hormone (PTH)? increased osteoblast activity increased reabsorption of calcium ions from fluid in the kidneys increased release of calcium ions from bone increased absorption of calcium ions by the small intestine

increased osteoblast activity

What element is necessary for the production of triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4)? calcium potassium iodine magnesium

iodine

Compared to the effects of the nervous system, the effects of the endocrine system __________. are faster last longer are mediated by neurotransmitters do not have an effect on homeostasis

last longer

The pineal gland produces the hormone __________. oxytocin melatonin aldosterone calcitonin

melatonin

Which pancreatic cells release insulin and glucagon? pancreatic islets chief cells acinar cells chromaffin cells

pancreatic islets

The hormone calcitonin is produced by the __________ cells of the thyroid. colloid follicle chief parafollicular

parafollicular

What is the main function of glucagon? regulate blood pressure lower blood glucose levels raise blood glucose levels regulate sodium and potassium ion levels

raise blood glucose levels

Which of the following is a primary endocrine organ? pineal gland thyroid gland heart testes

thyroid gland

Place the following hormones in the correct order of their control, from first tier to third tier. thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), production of T3 and T4 thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), production of T3 and T4 thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), production of T3 and T4, thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), production of T3 and T4, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), production of T3 and T4

Hormones that control hormone secretion from other glands are known as: trophic hormones. steroid hormones. growth hormones. tropic hormones.

tropic hormones.

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) promotes: water retention. increased blood pressure. vasodilation. decreased urination.

vasodilation.

What is the primary effect of antidiuretic hormone (ADH, or vasopressin)? sodium retention by the kidneys water retention by the kidneys increases urine production by the kidneys blood glucose regulation

water retention by the kidneys

A tumor has appeared on the hypothalamus of a seven-year-old boy, causing increased secretion of GHRH. The increase of GHRH has in turn increased GH and IGF levels. If left untreated, the young boy View Available Hint(s) will suffer from gigantism since his epiphyseal plates have not closed. will have a decreased amount of protein synthesis, decreasing muscle development and longitudinal bone growth. will suffer from pituitary dwarfism, where he will be short in stature. will suffer from acromegaly, in which his bones will increase in girth, especially his head and facial bones.

will suffer from gigantism since his epiphyseal plates have not closed.

Choose which condition has all of the following symptoms: hypertension, hyperglycemia, and a "moon face." View Available Hint(s) Addison's disease pheochromocytoma Cushing's disease

Cushing's disease

Reproductive system regulation often needs to be slower and more long-lasting. The main system that allows for such regulation is the: Nervous system Immune system Endocrine system Cardiovascular system

Endocrine system

Which of the following effects is NOT associated with the hormone insulin? Gluconeogenesis in the liver Stimulation of cells to uptake and utilize glucose Synthesis of fat Glycogen synthesis

Gluconeogenesis in the liver

Some potassium-sparing diuretics increase urination without the loss of potassium by working against receptors for: adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). cortisol. glucocorticoids. aldosterone.

aldosterone.