Ch16:Senses
equillibrium
A state of balance
When the ___ membrane moves, the ___ on the spiral organ hair cells distort because they are anchored by the tectorial membrane.
Blank 1: basilar Blank 2: stereocilia
The auditory sensory axons of the ___ branch of cranial nerve number ___ terminate in the cochlear nucleus within the brainstem.
Blank 1: cochlear Blank 2: VIII or 8
______ occurs when impulses from an organ are perceived as originating from the skin.
Referred pain
Proprioceptors
Sensory receptors found in muscle and tendons that detect their degree of stretch
vallate papillae
The largest papillae on the tongue, arranged in the form of a V
Hearing and equilibrium are transmitted along which cranial nerve?
VIII
A feature common to all receptors is ______.
ability to respond to a stimulus
How many taste buds do we have?
about 10,000
tonic receptors
adapt slowly or not at all
If stimulated over a period of time, ____ receptors lose eventually sensitivity.
adapting
Which cavity of the eyeball is divided into an anterior and posterior chamber?
anterior cavity
receptive field
area monitored by a single receptor cell
Which are the characteristics of the cornea?
avascular and transparent
Gustatory cells are found in taste ___
buds
Receptors initiate sensory input to the ______.
central nervous system
Chemoreceptors
chemical sensors in the brain and blood vessels that identify changing levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide
What is the largest structure of the vascular tunic?
choroid
What structure is filled with pigment from melanocytes?
choroid
The iris is continuous with the ______.
ciliary body
As we adjust to low light, our ______ becomes nonfunctional and it may take ______ for rhodopsin to become regenerated sufficiently so that you can see well in low-light conditions.
cones; 20-30 minutes
The limbus is the junction between the sclera and the
cornea
The optic disc is associated with ______.
cranial nerve II
Light rays are refracted or bent when they pass through two media of different ______.
densities
Interoceptors
detect internal stimuli
Optic tracts ultimately are directed to the primary visual cortex in the ______ lobe.
occipital
A lack of photoreceptors in this structure creates the "blind spot"?
optic disc
What structure is the letter A in the picture of the internal eye?
ora serrata
Some individuals experience pain in their left shoulder during a heart attack. This is an example of ______
referred pain
Gustation
sense of taste
Receptors for general senses are usually ______.
simple structure
Localization and sensitivity are easily determined in a ______ receptive field.
small
We use the sense of ____ to sample our environment for information about the food we will eat, the presence of other individuals in the room, or potential danger.
smell
general senses
somatic and visceral
basal cells
stem cells that replace taste cells every 7 to 10 days
Sensation
stimulation of sense organs
tactile receptors
touch
What is the role of mucus in the nasal cavity?
trap incoming bacteria and other foreign debris
The vascular tunic of the eye is also called the ______.
uvea
Which are true of rods?
- There are more than 100 million rod cells per eye - They function well in dim light
stimulus origin
1. Exteroceptors 2. Interoceptors 3. Proprioceptors
When you go from a bright light environment to a dark environment, you have a slow sensitivity to low light levels. This is called
Blank 1: dark Blank 2: adaptation
Stimuli
Changes in the environment
tastants
Chemicals transduced by taste receptor cells.
Exteroceptors
Respond to stimuli arising outside the body Receptors in the skin for touch, pressure, pain, and temperature
Which events occur during bright light adaptation?
cones gradually adjust rods become inactive pupils constrict
Which is an accessory structure of the eye?
eyebrow
The outmost layer of the eye is called the ______ tunic.
fibrous
The term equilibrium refers to our awareness and monitoring of our ___ position.
head
The vestibulocochlear nerve transmits ______ information.
hearing and equilibrium
Pain is an example of a ______ sense.
in general
The retina is the ______ layer of the eye wall.
internal
What structure is the dividing line between the anterior and posterior chambers?
iris
Tunics
layers of blood vessel walls
The process by which your eyes adjust from low light to bright light conditions is
light adaptation
Tactile receptors are a type of ______.
mechanoreceptors
Olfactory receptors ______.
nerve endings that act as the receptors for the sense of smell
The fat surrounding the eye is called
orbital fat
Nocioceptors are
pain receptors
referred pain
pain that is felt in a location other than where the pain originates
What type of receptor can undergo adaptation?
phasic
The iris controls the size of the ______.
pupil
phasic receptors
rapidly adapt to a constant stimulus and turn off
The area that a receptor cell gathers information from is called the ______.
receptive field
The apparent distortion of the spoon in the water glass is due to the phenomenon called
refraction
Thermoreceptors
respond to changes in temperature
Photoreceptors
respond to light
Mechanoreceptors
respond to touch, pressure, vibration, and stretch
Where are photoreceptors located?
retina
Sensory receptors in which structures help monitor and adjust our equilibrium?
saccule utricle semicircular ducts
What structure is the "white" of the eye?
sclera
Which part of the eye is an attachment site for extrinsic eye muscles?
sclera
Olfaction
sense of smell
What is the most numerous type of receptor?
tactile receptors
gustatory cells
taste cells
What is the name of structure A in the picture of the spiral organ?
tectorial membrane
The middle and inner ear are in which bone?
temporal bone
Optic tracts extend to which structures after they leave the optic chiasm?
the lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus superior colliculi
ora serrata
the serrated boundary between the ciliary muscle and the retina
Which layer of the eye contains the blood and lymph vessels?
vascular tunic
Hearing and our sense of balance comes from the stimulation of which cranial nerve?
vestibulocochlear
special senses
vision, hearing, taste, smell, equilibrium
