Ch.18-Amines and Amides

What are Amines and Amides (2)?

-Amines and Amides are organic compounds that contain nitrogen. -Amines are derivatives of ammonia (NH3) in which the nitrogen atom , which has one lone pair of electrons has three bonds to hydrogen atoms.

What is heterocyclic amine?

A heterocyclic amine is a cyclic organic compound that consist of a ring of five or six atoms of which one or two are nitrogen atoms.

What is a neurotransmitter?

A neurotransmitter is a chemical compound that transmits an impulse from a nerve cell (neuron) to a target cell such as another nerve cell, a muscle cell or a gland cell

How does tertiary (3) amines form hydrogen bonds with water to be soluble in water?

A tertiary (3) amine, which has no hydrogen on the nitrogen atom can form only hydrogen bonds with water from the N atom in the amine to the H water molecule

What are alkaloids?

Alkaloids are physiologically active nitrogen-containing compounds produced by plants

How are amines classified?

Amines are classified by counting the number of carbon atoms directly bonded to the nitrogen atom.

What does Amines contain?

Amines contain polar N-H which allows primary and secondary amines to form hydrogen bonds with each other, while all amines can form hydrogen bonds with water.

What is true about the boiling points of Amines compared to alkanes and alcohols?

Amines have boiling points that are higher than alkanes but lower than alcohols.

What is amidation?

An amide is produced in a reaction called amidation, or condensation, in which a carboxylic reacts with amonia or a primary (1) or secondary (2) amine.

What name do aromatic amines used?

Aniline

What is true about aniline?

Aniline is the simplest aromatic amine; it is used to make many industrial chemicals.

Why can't a tertiary amine (3) not undergo amidation?

Because a tertiary (3) amine does not contain hydrogen atom, it cannot undergo amidation.

What is the solubility of amines in water?

Because amines contain a polar N-H bond they form hydrogen bonds with water.

What happens in a neutralization reaction with amine?

In a neutralization reaction with amine an amine acts as a base and reacts with an acid to form an ammonium salt

What is a primary amine?

In a primary (1) amine, the nitrogen atom is bonded to one alkyl group.

What is a quaternary ammonium salt?

In a quaternary ammonium salt a nitrogen atom is bonded to four carbon groups, which classifies it as a quaternary (4) amine.

What is hydrolysis?

In a reverse reaction of amidation, hydrolysis occurs when water and an acid or base aplit an amid

What is a secondary (2) amine?

In a secondary (2) amine, the nitrogen atom is bonded to two alkyl groups.

What is a tertiary (3) amine?

In a tertiary (3) amine, the nitrogen atom is bonded to three alkyl groups.

How does primary (1) amines form hydrogen bonds with water to be soluble in water?

In primary (1) amine -NH2 can form more hydrogen bonds than the secondary (2) amines.

Why does primary (1) amides have high boiling point?

In primary amides (1), the -NH2 group can form more hydrogen bonds, which gives primary amides the highest melting point.

Why does primary (1) amines have higher boiling point than secondary (2) amines of the same mass?

Primary (1) amines, with two N-H bonds can form more hydrogen bonds and thus have higher boiling points than secondary (2) amines of the same mass.

Why can't tertiary (3) amides have the lowest boiling point?

Tertiary amides (3) cannot form hydrogen bonds so they have the lowest melting point.

Why is the melting point of secondary (2) amides lower?

The melting points of secondary (2) amides are lower because they form fewer hydrogen bonds.

Why is it not possible for tertiary (3) amines to hydrogen bond with each other?

it is not possible for tertiary (3) amines to hydrogen bond with each other because they have no N-H bonds. Tertiary amines have lower boiling points than primary or secondary amines of the same mass.