ch20 quiz

T or F. Cancer begins when a cell divides less frequently than it should

f

RB1 and p53 are ___

tumor suppressors

CD133 is a cell surface molecule that is commonly used to identify cancer stem cells in certain types of tumors. CD133 is typically lost from cells ...

at the late progenitor stage

tumor suppressor genes:

inactivation, cancer, often

Exposure to which chemicals or foods increases cancer risk? Check all that apply.

insect, herb, fung, fum, cooked red meat

Mutations in a gene called RGS7 have been shown to result in an increase in anchorage independent growth (i.e. cells can grow without being connected to the extracellular matrix) and in cell migration in a certain type of skin cancer. To which stage or "strike" of cancer progression would this mutation contribute?

invasion

Cancer can result from a failure of ___

a cell cycle checkpoint

passenger mutation:

does not, occurs, number

T or F. All tumors are cancerous

f

___ is a method of treatment that causes adverse effects by harming healthy cells

Radiation

___ is targeted based on genetic information

Tyrosine kinase inhibitor

Select the passenger mutation from the list below.

a silent mutation

Which of the following events at the cellular level can result in development of cancer?

activation , increase, defective, dedifferentiation

oncogenes:

activation, cancer, activation

The drug bevacizumab is used to treat a number of different cancers including colorectal cancer, lung cancer, and breast cancer. This drug is a VEGF inhibitor. In what way do you predict bevacizumab affects cancer?

b inhibits a

Breast cancer is classified into four different categories based on the genes that are expressed in the cancer cells. Two of the subtypes are luminal A and luminal B. Both of these cancers start in luminal cells that line the mammary ducts. However, gene expression patterns ultimately differ between the two cancer types. What best characterizes the type of pathway that was disrupted to lead to this difference?

cell fate pathways

Select the example that shows the interplay between environmental and genetic factors in cancer.

certain mutations

A tumor suppressor gene mutation that causes cancer is usually a ___

deletion

Activation of a proto-oncogene into an oncogene could occur due to a mutation or a change in the ___ of the wild-type gene

expression

T or F. Changes in chromosome number, deletions, and duplications can cause cancer, but point mutations cannot cause cancer

f

T or F. Chromosomes in cancer cells exist in normal numbers

f

T or F. Duplication of a chromosome in a cancer cell reduces the copies of an oncogene

f

T or F. Most cancers are the result of a single genetic change

f

T or F. Most cases of cancer are are caused by normal chromosomes

f

T or F. Most cases of cancer arise from inheriting a cancer susceptibility allele from a parent

f

T or F. Oncogenes cause cancer when they are inactivated

f

Cancer susceptibility is passed onto future generations when a(n) ___ mutation has occurred

germline

Traditional treatments for cancer, such as radiation and chemotherapy, are effective because they ___

kill rapidly dividing cells

Which of the following characteristics are typical of cancer cells?

loss of cell cycle control, dedifferentiated, lack contact, can induce

You perform a karyotype on cells from a cancer sample and you see a normal chromosomal array (44 autosomes and 2 sex chromosomes). However, when you perform gene expression profiling, you see that gene expression in the cancerous tissue is different than in adjacent normal tissue. Select scenarios that are consistent with your observations. Check all that apply.

point mutations, epigenetic changes, chromosomal

Genes that normally stimulate cell division when it is appropriate are called ___

proto-oncogenes

driver mutation:

provides, known

A mutation that occurs in cells that do not develop into gametes is called a(n) ___ mutation

somatic

Sporadic cancer is due to ___ mutations

somatic

The oldest approach to treating cancer is ___

surgery

T or F. A mutation present in all stages of a tumor acts early in the disease process.

t

T or F. Chromosomes in cancer cells may bear translocations

t

T or F. Chromothripsis shatters several chromosomes and may kill the cell—or trigger cancer

t

T or F. Somatic cells may develop mutations in cancer-causing genes

t

T or F. The older a tumor is, the more genetic changes it will have

t

T or F. The process of a tumor spreading is called metastasis

t

T or F. Translocations that join parts of nonhomologous chromosomes can turn proto-oncogenes into oncogenes

t

Cancer cells often have longer telomeres due to reactivation of the enzyme ___

telomerase

A fusion protein can be produced due to the ___ of a proto-oncogene to a site next to another gene

translocation