CH3: Elicited Behaviors and Classical Conditioning
reflex arc
a neural structure underlying some simple reflexes, consists of a sensory neuron, an interneuron, and a motor neuron
examples of elicited behaviors
a sneeze produced by a particle of dust or a startle reaction to the sound of a gunshot
flexion response
automatically jerking a hand/foot away from a hot/sharp object that has been touched
which response is activated when you remove a body part from an unexpected hot or sharp surface? a. orienting response b. flexion response c. startle response
b. flexion response.
elicited behavior
behavior that is drawn out by a preceding stimulus also known as a respondent behavior or respondent
reflexes are ____ in the sense that they are drawn out by stimuli that precede their occurence
elicited
spiders building a web, ducks flying in a v-shaped formation, squirrels burying nuts. these are all examples of what pattern?
fixed action pattern
fixed action pattern
fixed sequence of responses elicited by a specific stimulus
quickly jerking your hand or foot away from contact with an open flame or sharp obnect is a reflexive action known as a ____ response.
flexion
what is the decrease in the strength of an elicited response following repeated presentations of the stimulus that naturally (w/o learning) elicits that response??
habituation
species-specific behaviors used to be also known as _____
instincts
many elicited behaviors are those that we consider to be ______
involuntary
flexion response is most consistent with which class of behaviorism?
methodological behaviorism
short-term habituation tends to occur when presentations of the stimulus are _______
narrowly spaced or continuous
the ____ response is an elicited set of movements designed to facilitate attending to a stimulus
orienting
the automatic positioning towards a stimulus--can involve a relatively major body movement
orienting response
startle reflex
ready use for fight-or-flight
____ is closely tied to survival
reflex
a simple, involuntary response to a stimulus is called a _____
reflex
many simple reflexes are activated through a _______ that consists of a(n) _____ neuron, a(n) _____ neuron, and a(n) ____ neuron (in that order)
reflex arc, sensory, inter, motor
reflex
relatively simple, automatic response to a stimulus
long-term habituation
response slowly decreases as a result of repeated stimulation, and the ability to respond then slowly recovers in the absence of stimulation
when you bite into a lemon, what is the involuntary response?
salivating is the involuntary response to the taste of the lemon
what is an increase in the strength of an elicited response following repeated presentations of the stimulus that naturally elicits that response??
sensitization
the specific stimulus that elicits a fixed action pattern is called a ____ _____ or ______
sign stimulus, releaser
different species of spiders spin different kinds of webs. web spinning of this sort can thus be considered a ______-________ behavior
species-specific
a ______ response is an automatic defensive response to a sudden, unexpected stimulus
startle
what reflex can be considered a "jumpscare"?
startle reflex
what is the defensive reaction to a sudden, unexpected stimulus and involves the automatic tightening of skeletal muscles as well as various hormonal and visceral changes?
startle response
the ____ : receptors :: the effector : response
stimulus
automatically turning in response to an unfamiliar noise is an example of what?
the orienting response
short-term habituation
the response quickly decreases a result of repeated stimulation and the ability to respond then quickly recovers in the absense of stimulation
repeated sessions of short-term habituation, spread out over time, can eventually lead to long-term habituation
true
soldiers under attack generally do not habituate to the sound of artillery shells exploding nearby. Instead, their startle reaction grows stronger.
true
long-term habituation tends to occur when presentations of the stimulus are _____
widely spaced
