Ch6

semantic

Sandy has a lot of general knowledge, not tied to a particular time or place about international affairs this is an example of a type of explicit memory known as __

storage

Saving information for future use is called ___

5-9

Short-term memory can retain about ___ pieces of complex information

connectionism

The memory of your grandmothers name is not just represented in a single spot in the brain but involves... this is an example of ___

storage

The process of retaining information for future use is called

- be anterograde or retrograde - can affect memories differentially - can affect the retention of new memories

The term amnesia refers to a loss of memory. This memory disorder can

echoic

The term used to describe auditory sensory memory, which is retained for up to several seconds is __ memory

sensory

The three stages of memory in the Atkinson - Shiffrin theory; ___ memory, short-term , and long-term

retrieval

The tip-of-the tongue phenomenon is a failure of

prospective

The type of memory that involves remembering information about doing something in the future is ___ memory

- review notes that you are preparing to memorize - experiment with different organizational texhniques - organize the material in a way that will allow you to memorize

Tips for organizing for memory processes

interference

___ theory states that people forget not because memories are lost from storage but because other information gets in the way of what they want to remember

decay

___ theory states that the passage of time always increases forgetting

short - term memory

___is a limited - capacity memory system in which information is usually retained for less than a minute unless strategies are used to retain it longer

was never entered into long term memory

encoding failure occurs when the information

life time periods general events event - specific knowledge

levels of autobiographical memory

anterograde amnesia

H.M could no remember things that happened after surgery to remove his hippocampus this is an example of

episodic & semantic

Her memory of being at the lecture is ___ memory. Her memory for the actual information in the periodic table is ___ memory

episodic semantic

Her memory of being at the lecture is ___ memory. Her memory for the actual information in the periodic table is ___ memory

forgetting

Hermann Ebbinghaus was the first person to conduct scientific research on ___

priming

If a researcher activates information in participants minds and the activation helps participants remember ... we would say the the researcher used ___ a type of implicit memory

Someone forgets an event that is a consequence of an emotional trauma A person forgets something that is anxiety - laden and painful

Illustrate motivated forgetting?

- look at the exam to find retrieval cues for the information that you have encoded - make sure your brain is well - rested and well - nourished - use retrieval cues to trigger you insights

Important strategies for successful test-taking

The prefrontal lobes The hippocampus

In an MRI study, participants viewed pictures while in an MRI scanner. The researchers found that greater activation in which brain regions resulted in better memory performance?

eyewitness testimony

In forensic psychology , most of the interest in ___ ___ focuses on distortion , bias , and inaccuracy of memory

a student takes multiple choice test a witnes has to identify a criminal from a page of photographs

recognition tasks

it consists of three parts it is a mental blackboard it is an alternate conceptualization of the concept of short term memory

statements that apply to the concept of working memory

primacy

when considering the effects of serial portion , the ___ effect refers to better recall for items at the beginning

repressed

while in therapy, Lara remembers that she was sexually abused while she was a very young child... Laura may have uncovered a ___ memory

prospective memory

Aaron has elaborate systems set up on his computer to remind him of all the things he has to do and when he has to do them. The computer is helping Aaron with:

central executive

According to Baddeley's model of working memory, the component that is in charge of integrating information, planning, and organizing is the ____

memories

According to the connectionist network perspective , our __ reorganized sets of neurons that are activated together

retrograde

After David sustained a traumatic brain injury, he has discovered that can't remember anything that... David is likely experiencing ___ amnesia

organize

Before using memory processes, you must first ___ the information you are about to study

context - dependent memory

Brenda was somwharr rattled when she discovered that the final exam for one of her classes... what principle would that be?

priming

Carolyn is given a set of words to study and dog is one of those words...Carolyn is more likely to make -og into "dog" than "hog" or "bog" because of the concept known as ___

explicit & implicit

Due to the neurosurgery that treated his severe form of epilepsy , H.M's __ memory was impaired, but his ___ memory was less affected

episodic

Explicit memory has two subtypes. Autobiographical memory a special form of __ memory

the frontal lobes

Explicit memory information, such as prospective and retrospective memories are transmitted from the hippocampus to which lobe?

declarative

Explicit memory is the conscious recollection of information and it is sometimes also referred to as ___ memory

imagery

In order to remember the way to the library Kareem created a mental picture of the campus man Kareem used mental ____ to remember the necessary route

processing

In terms of how we engage with information we are trying to remember the continue from shallow to intermediate to deep where deeper levels produce better memory is called levels of ___

stored

Information must be encoded and ___ in order to be retrieved later

procedural memory

Jon hasn't ridden a bicycle for five years yet when he hops on he finds he can still ride this is an example of

reminiscence bump

Lee Anne is telling her children stories about when she was young... lee Anne's memories are consistent with the idea of the ___ ____

context - dependent memory

People remember better when they attempt to recall information in the same external circumstances in which they learned it this describes

encoding rehearsing retrieving organzing

Powerful took for processing memory

iconic

Sperling's classic study on sensory memory determined that information held in __ memory can be forgotten very quickly

Bias may be involved Memory can fade Witnesses may share their thoughts Memory can be distorted by new information

Statements are true regarding eyewitness testimony

False

T or F: Memories in the brain are stored in a specific location

time & event

Taking a batch of muffins out of the oven in 20 minutes is an example of an__ based prospective .... whereas remembering to buy muffins at the bakery on the way home from work is an example of an ___ - based prospective memory task

three

The Atinkson -Shiffrin theory of memory proposed that there are ___ systems in memory

implicit

The cerebellum is involved in the ___ memory required to perform skills

retrospective memory explicit memory prospective memory

The frontal lobes of the brain play an important role in

amnesia

The general term ___ refers to the loss of memory

- staying mentally active aids in memory - staying intellectually active may reduce the severity of Alzheimer - Staying physically active aids in memory

True in respect to memory in the aging process?

cognitive store

Uncle Ken will be 88 this year yet he seems very sharp... This is an illustration of the ___ ____

elaboration

When ___ is extensive the person has attempted to make the to be remembered information meaningful and has engaged in detail processing

rehearsing

When one has completes a class or lecture, you should enhance encoding by ___ the material by rewriting or retyping the information

flashbulb

You have a very vivid memory of the events of September 11, 2001 ... The specific term for this kind of memory is a ___ memory

anterograde

___ amnesia occurs when you cannot remember what happened after you fell down and hit your head

recall, recognition

___ is a memory task where the person has to retrieve previously learned information ___ is a memory task where the person has to identify learned. items

retrospective & prospective

___ memory involves remembering information from the past, whereas ___ memory involves remembering to do something in the future