Ch.6 - The Human Body

As the bronchus divides into smaller bronchioles, the terminal ends of these smaller passages form the:

alveoli.

Stimulation of alpha-adrenergic receptors results in:

constriction of the blood vessels.

Dead space is the portion of the respiratory system that:

contains no alveoli and does not participate in gas exchange.

The ________ is a muscular dome that forms the inferior boundary of the thorax, separating the thorax from the abdomen.

diaphragm

Oxygen and carbon dioxide pass across the alveolar membrane in the lungs through a process called:

diffusion.

Bile is produced by the liver and concentrated and stored in the:

gallbladder.

A by-product of involuntary muscle contraction and relaxation is:

heat.

The body's backup system of respiratory control, which is based on low concentrations of oxygen in the blood, is called the:

hypoxic drive.

Breathing occurs as the result of a(n):

increase in carbon dioxide, which decreases the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid.

If a patient's chest barely moves during inhalation, even if the patient's respiratory rate is normal, you should suspect that:

minute volume is decreased.

The ________ is made up of the maxilla and zygoma, as well as the frontal bone of the cranium.

orbit

Urine is transported from the kidneys to the urinary bladder via the:

ureters.

A patient has a blood pressure of 130/70 mm Hg. The "130" in this measurement represents:

ventricular contraction.

The average adult has approximately ___________ of blood in his or her vascular system.

6L

During each heartbeat, _________ of blood is ejected from the adult heart, an amount called the stroke volume.

70 to 80 mL

All critical life functions are coordinated in which part of the brain?

Brain stem

_________ pressure is the pressure exerted by a liquid that occurs when blood moves through an artery at relatively high pressures.

Hydrostatic

A patient has a large accumulation of blood in the sac surrounding the heart. Which type of shock would this condition cause?

Obstructive

What is the function of the fallopian tubes?

To transport a mature egg to the uterus

Which of the following systems is responsible for releasing hormones that regulate body activities?

Endocrine

Which of the following is NOT true of the lymphatic system?

Its vessels closely parallel the major arteries in the body. (It relies on muscle movement to circulate lymph, it circulates waste products of metabolism away from cells, it circulates oxygen, nutrients and hormones to the cells.)

Which of the following is NOT a function of the skin?

Metabolic coordination (temperature regulation, pressure and pain perception, sensory reception)

Which of the following structures does NOT contain smooth muscle?

Skeletal system (urinary system, gastrointestinal tract, blood vessels)

Which organ lies in the lateral and posterior portion of the left upper quadrant of the abdomen?

Spleen

What happens when blood volume is lost from the body?

The arteries contract to increase the blood pressure.

The central nervous system is composed of the:

brain and spinal cord.

The waste products of aerobic metabolism include:

carbon dioxide and water.

Pathophysiology is the study of the functional changes that occur when the body reacts to a particular:

disease.

The artery that can be palpated on the anterior surface of the foot is the:

dorsalis pedis.

The brain connects to the spinal cord through a large opening at the base of the skull called the:

foramen magnum.

The ____________ fills the entire anteroposterior depth of the right upper quadrant of the abdomen.

liver

The _________ portion of the spinal column is joined to the iliac bones of the pelvis.

sacrum

Cardiac output (CO) is affected by:

stroke volume and heart rate.

Large amounts of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) are generated when:

the cells function with adequate oxygen.