Ch7. Advanced SQL

16) ________ use the result of the outer query to determine the processing of the inner query. A) Correlated subqueries B) Outer subqueries C) Inner subqueries D) Subqueries

A) Correlated subqueries

26) The ________ DBA view shows information about all users of the database in Oracle. A) DBA_USERS B) USERS C) DBA_VIEWS D) DBA_INDEXES

A) DBA_USERS

34) The MERGE command: A) allows one to combine the INSERT and UPDATE operations. B) allows one to combine the INSERT and DELETE operations. C) joins 2 tables together. D) none of the above.

A) allows one to combine the INSERT and UPDATE operations.

38) While triggers run automatically, ________ do not and have to be called. A) trapdoors B) routines C) selects D) updates

B) routines

10) A type of join where a table is joined to itself is called a(n): A) unary join. B) self-join. C) unnatural join. D) pinned join.

B) self-join.

9) An operation to join a table to itself is called a: A) sufficient-join. B) inner join. C) outer join. D) self-join.

B) self-join.

11) A type of query that is placed within a WHERE or HAVING clause of another query is called a: A) master query. B) subquery. C) superquery. D) multi-query.

B) subquery.

22) All of the following are guidelines for better query design EXCEPT: A) understand how indexes are used in query processing. B) use a lot of self-joins. C) write simple queries. D) retrieve on the data that you need.

B) use a lot of self-joins.

39) SQL-invoked routines can be: A) procedures. B) functions. C) all of the above. D) none of the above.

C) all of the above.

5) A join in which rows that do not have matching values in common columns are still included in the result table is called a(n): A) natural join. B) equi-join. C) outer join. D) union join.

C) outer join.

4) The most commonly used form of join operation is the: A) outer join. B) union join. C) equi-join. D) natural join.

D) natural join.

56) The following query will execute without errors. select customer.customer_name, salesman.sales_quota from customer where customer.salesman_id = (select salesman_id where lname = 'SMITH');

false

A subquery in which processing the inner query depends on data from the outer query is called a codependent query.

false

An equi-join is a join in which one of the duplicate columns is eliminated in the result table.

false

EXISTS takes a value of false if the subquery returns an intermediate result set.

false

One major disadvantage of the outer join is that information is easily lost.

false

The natural join is very rarely used.

false

There is a special operation in SQL to join a table to itself

false

Using an outer join produces this information: rows that do not have matching values in common columns are not included in the result table.

false

55) The following queries produce the same results. select customer_name, customer_city from customer, salesman where customer.salesman_id = salesman.salesman_id and salesman.lname = 'SMITH'; select customer_name, customer_city from customer where customer.salesman_id = (select salesman_id from salesman where lname = 'SMITH');

true

A correlated subquery is executed once for each iteration through the outer loop.

true

A join in which the joining condition is based on equality between values in the common column is called a(n) equi-join.

true

20) The UNION clause is used to: A) combine the output from multiple queries into a single result table. B) join two tables together to form one table. C) find all rows that do not match in two tables. D) none of the above.

A) combine the output from multiple queries into a single result table.

15)* In SQL, a(n) ________ subquery is a type of subquery in which processing the inner query depends on data from the outer query. A) correlated B) paired C) natural D) inner

A) correlated

42) Embedded SQL consists of: A) hard-coded SQL statements included in a program written in another language. B) SQL encapsulated inside of other SQL statements. C) SQL written into a front-end application. D) SQL translated to a lower-level language.

A) hard-coded SQL statements included in a program written in another language.

44) Dynamic SQL: A) is used to generate appropriate SQL code on the fly as an application is processing. B) is quite volatile. C) is not used widely on the Internet. D) creates a less flexible application.

A) is used to generate appropriate SQL code on the fly as an application is processing.

24) User-defined transactions can improve system performance because: A) transactions are processed as sets, reducing system overhead. B) transactions are mapped to SQL statements. C) speed is improved due to query optimization. D) all of the above.

A) transactions are processed as sets, reducing system overhead.

6) The outer join syntax does not apply easily to a join condition of more than ________ tables. A) two B) three C) four D) five

A) two

28) What results would the following SQL statement produce? select owner, table_name from dba_tables where table_name = 'CUSTOMER'; A) A listing of all customers in the customer table B) A listing of the owner of the customer table C) A listing of the owner of the customer table as well as customers D) An error message

B) A listing of the owner of the customer table

32) All of the following are new data types added in SQL:2008 EXCEPT: A) BIGINT. B) BIT. C) MULTISET. D) XML.

B) BIT.

43) In order to embed SQL inside of another language, the ________ statement must be placed before the SQL in the host language. A) GET SQL B) EXEC SQL C) RUN SQL D) SQL SQL

B) EXEC SQL

35) Extensions defined in SQL-99 that include the capability to create and drop modules of code stored in the database schema across user sessions are called: A) stored procedures. B) Persistent Stored Modules. C) flow control modules. D) none of the above.

B) Persistent Stored Modules.

19) In order for two queries to be UNION-compatible, they must: A) both have the same number of lines in their SQL statements. B) both output compatible data types for each column and return the same number of rows. C) both return at least one row. D) all of the above.

B) both output compatible data types for each column and return the same number of rows.

1) A join operation: A) brings together data from two different fields. B) causes two tables with a common domain to be combined into a single table or view. C) causes two disparate tables to be combined into a single table or view. D) is used to combine indexing operations.

B) causes two tables with a common domain to be combined into a single table or view.

18) A ________ is a temporary table used in the FROM clause of an SQL query. A) correlated subquery B) derived table C) view table D) none of the above

B) derived table

8) One major advantage of the outer join is that: A) information is easily accessible. B) information is not lost. C) the query is easier to write. D) all of the above.

B) information is not lost.

23) Explicit commands to manage transactions are needed when: A) a transaction consists of just one SQL command. B) multiple SQL commands must be run as part of a transaction. C) autocommit is set to off. D) none of the above.

B) multiple SQL commands must be run as part of a transaction.

3) A join that is based upon equality between values in two common columns with the same name and where one duplicate column has been removed is called a(n): A) equi-join. B) natural join. C) multivariate join. D) inner join.

B) natural join.

7) In which of the following situations would one have to use an outer join in order to obtain the desired results? A) A report is desired that lists all customers who placed an order. B) A report is desired that lists all customers and the total of their orders. C) A report is desired that lists all customers and the total of their orders during the most recent month, and includes customers who did not place an order during the month (their total will be zero). D) There is never a situation that requires only an outer join.

C) A report is desired that lists all customers and the total of their orders during the most recent month, and includes customers who did not place an order during the month (their total will be zero).

13) ________ takes a value of true if a subquery returns an intermediate results table which contains one or more rows. A) In B) Having C) Exists D) Extents

C) Exists

33) ________ differs from array because it can contain duplicates. A) BIGINT B) XML C) MULTISET D) TABLE

C) MULTISET

14) EXISTS will take a value of ________ if the subquery returns an intermediate results table which contains one or more rows. A) FALSE B) 1 C) TRUE D) undefined

C) TRUE

37) All of the following are part of the coding structure for triggers EXCEPT: A) event. B) condition. C) selection. D) action.

C) selection.

25) An interactive command that can be used to dynamically control a user session for appropriate integrity measures is: A) rollback. B) rollforward. C) set autocommit. D) expunge.

C) set autocommit.

12) SQL provides the ________ technique, which involves placing an inner query within the WHERE or HAVING clause of an outer query. A) grouping B) joining C) subquery D) union

C) subquery

36) A named set of SQL statements that are considered when a data modification occurs are called: A) stored procedures. B) treatments. C) triggers. D) trapdoors.

C) triggers.

21) Establishing IF-THEN-ELSE logical processing within an SQL statement can be accomplished by: A) using the if-then-else construct. B) using the immediate if statement. C) using the CASE keyword in a statement. D) using a subquery.

C) using the CASE keyword in a statement.

31) RANK and DENSE-RANK are examples of: A) ceilings. B) door functions. C) window functions. D) moving functions.

C) window functions.

30) A new set of analytical functions added in SQL:2008 is referred to as: A) OLAF functions. B) MOLAP functions. C) average functions. D) OLAP functions.

D) OLAP functions.

17) The ________ clause is used to combine the output from multiple queries into a single result table. A) INTERSECT B) DIVIDE C) COLLATE D) UNION

D) UNION

41) A procedure is: A) stored within the database. B) given a unique name. C) called by name. D) all of the above.

D) all of the above.

2) A join in which the joining condition is based on equality between values in the common columns is called a(n): A) equi-join. B) unilateral join. C) natural join. D) both A and C.

D) both A and C.

29) User-defined data types: A) can be a subclass of a standard type. B) can behave as an object. C) can have defined functions and methods. D) can have all of the above.

D) can have all of the above.

27) If the DBA wishes to describe all tables in the database, which data dictionary view should be accessed in Oracle? A) dba_tab_privs B) dba_tab_comments C) dba_table_label D) dba_tables

D) dba_tables

40) All of the following are advantages of SQL-invoked routines EXCEPT: A) flexibility. B) efficiency. C) sharability. D) security.

D) security.

A natural join is the same as an equi-join, except that it is performed over matching columns that have been defined with the same name, and one of the duplicate columns is eliminated.

true

An SQL query that implements an outer join will return rows that do not have matching values in common columns.

true

In order to find out what customers have not placed an order for a particular item, one might use the NOT qualifier along with the IN qualifier.

true

Joining tables or using a subquery may produce the same result.

true

The following SQL statement is an example of a correlated subquery. select first_name, last_name, total_sales from salesman s1 where total_sales > all (select total_sales from salesman s2 where s1.salesman_id != s2.salesman_id);

true

The joining condition of an equi-join is based upon an equality.

true

When EXISTS or NOT EXISTS is used in a subquery, the select list of the subquery will usually just select all columns as a placeholder because it doesn't matter which columns are returned.

true