ch7,8,9. REE

The expected costs to make replacements, alterations, or improvements to a building that materially prolong its life and increase its value is referred to as

capitol expendatures

The risk of bankruptcy tends to travel with the risk of foreclosure since both can result from financial distress. Known popularly by its section in the Federal Bankruptcy Code, which of the following types of bankruptcy is a court-supervised workout for a troubled business?

chapter 11 bankruptcy

In real estate markets, a transaction occurs only when the investment value of the buyer exceeds the investment value of the seller. The buyer's investment value is the ________ that he or she would be willing to pay for a particular property, while the seller's investment value is the _______ that he or she would be willing to accept.

maximum, minimum

In a mortgage agreement, the borrower conveys to the lender a security interest in the mortgage property. The lender, i.e., the individual who receives the mortgage claim, is known as the

mortagee

The cap rate is an important metric that investors use to analyze the state of commercial real estate markets. When interpreting cap rate movements, an increase in cap rates over time would indicate that

property values have decreased

In a mortgage loan, the borrower always creates two documents: a note and a mortgage. Which of the following pieces of information is provided in the mortgage?

an unambiguous description of the property that is being pledged as collateral for the loan

In calculating net operating income, vacancy losses must be subtracted from the gross income collected. The normal range for vacancy and collection losses for apartment, office, and retail properties is

between 5% and 15%

In using transaction data to determine the current value of the subject property, it is important to recognize that general market conditions may have changed since a particular transaction occurred. Property A sold 18 months ago for $235,000 and Property B sold 12 months ago for $215,000. If the two properties are priced today at $239,500 and $222,300, respectively, what is the average monthly rate of increase that can be used to adjust comparable prices for changes in market conditions?

0.19%

Suppose that an income-producing property is expected to yield cash flows for the owner of $150,000 in each of the next five years, with cash flows being received at the end of each period. If the opportunity cost of investment is 8% annually and the property can be sold for $1,250,000 at the end of the fifth year, determine the value of the property today.

1,449,635.50

Suppose that examination of a pro forma reveals that the fifth-year net operating income (NOI) for an income-producing property that you are analyzing is $138,446 (you can assume that this cash flow occurs at the end of the year). If you estimate the projected rental growth rate for the property to be 5% per year, determine the projected sale price of the property at the end of year 5 if the going-out capitalization rate is 9%.

1,615,203

Suppose that you are attempting to value an income-producing property using the direct capitalization approach. Using data from comparable properties, you have determined the overall capitalization rate to be 7.5%. If the projected first-year net operating income (NOI) for the subject property is $135,500, what is the indicated value of the subject using direct capitalization?

1,806,666.67

Suppose that an appraiser has come to the following conclusions in evaluating the subject property. Due to the dramatic shift in the perceived safety of the neighborhood, values of any residential properties in the area of the subject property have fallen by $10,000, on average. Due to the subject property's age, physical deterioration to the building accounts for an estimate of $50,000 in lost value. An evaluation of the floor plan reveals that it is quite obsolete relative to current homebuyer preferences. This has a detrimental effect on the value of the property that is estimated to be approximately $15,000. Based on your understanding of adjustments related to accrued depreciation, which of the following pertains to the adjustment for external obsolescence?

10,000

Suppose that examination of a pro forma reveals that the fifth-year net operating income (NOI) for an income-producing property that you are analyzing is $913,058 (you can assume that this cash flow occurs at the end of the year). If you estimate the projected rental growth rate for the property to be 3% per year, determine the projected sale price of the property at the end of year 5 if the going-out capitalization rate is 8%.

11,755,622

Number of apartments 15 Market rent (per month) 1000 Vacancy and collection losses 10% of PGI Operating expenses 5% of EGI Capital expenditures 10% of EGI

153,900

Market conditions -0.50% (per month) Lot size $25,000 (per acre) Effective age (years) $1,000 (per year) Living area (sq. ft) $45.00 (per sq. ft.) Bath $1,250 (per bath) Bedrooms $3,000 (per bedroom) Time sold Today 4 months ago Lot size (acres) 0.83 0.80 Effective age (years) 8 7 Living area (sq. ft) 2,197 2,383 Bath 3.5 3.5 Bedrooms 4 4 Sale price - $287,000

272,640

A comparable property sold four months ago for $287,000. If the appropriate adjustment for market conditions is -0.50% per month (without compounding), what would be the adjusted price of the comparable property assuming all else is the same between the two properties?

281,260

Let's assume that we are about to appraise a house using the cost approach. The home was originally constructed in the early 1900s and is one of the last of its kind in this area. The cost of constructing an exact replica of this residence is estimated to be $350,000. On our trip to the actual property, we notice that this is the only residential unit located on this particular road. Based on the current usage of adjacent real estate, we estimate that the property would be worth an additional $25,000 in its highest and best use. However, due to the dramatic shift in the perceived safety of the neighborhood, values of any remaining residential properties in the area have fallen by $20,000. Due to the home's age, we also notice that there has been a significant amount of physical deterioration to the building, amounting to an estimate of $50,000 in lost value. Since the home was built over 100 years ago, the floor plan is quite obsolete relative to current preferences. This has a detrimental effect on the value of the property that is estimated to be approximately $15,000. Given this information, determine the appraised value of the home using the cost approach.

290,000

Suppose that an appraiser has just completed her analysis using the cost approach to valuation. She has determined that the market value of the subject property is $400,000. If the added value of the site was $80,000 and accrued depreciation amounted to $50,000, what was the reproduction cost of the building?

370,000

Suppose that you are attempting to value an income-producing property using the direct capitalization approach. Using data from comparable properties, you have determined the overall capitalization rate to be 11.44%. If the projected first-year net operating income (NOI) for the subject property is $44,500, what is the indicated value of the subject using direct capitalization?

388,986

Time sold Today 1 year ago Today Today Bathrooms 1 1 2 2 Size 3500 sq. ft 3000 sq. ft. 3500 sq. ft 3000 sq. ft. Sale price $150,000 140,000 $160,000 $156,000

4,000

Assume you have been hired to appraise a local hospital. Your best estimate of the reproduction (or replacement) cost of the building is $3,700,000. However, upon evaluating the use of land in the local area, you have deemed the value of the site to be worth an additional $800,000. If the building has depreciated by $500,000 over its lifetime and there are no further depreciation losses due to external or functional obsolescence, what is the indicated value of the hospital using the cost approach?

4,000,000

Given the following information, calculate the effective gross income multiplier: sale price: $2,500,000; effective gross income: $340,000; operating expenses: $100,000; capital expenditures: $36,000.

7.35

Given the following information, calculate the appropriate going-in cap rate using general constant-growth formula: overall market discount rate, 12%; constant growth rate projection: 3% per year; sale price: $1,950,000; net operating income: $390,000; potential gross income: $520,000.

9%

Suppose that an income-producing property is expected to yield cash flows for the owner of $10,000 in each of the next five years, with cash flows being received at the end of each period. If the opportunity cost of investment is 12% annually and the property can be sold for $100,000 at the end of the fifth year, determine the value of the property today.

92,790.45

In an attempt to regulate home mortgage lending after the mortgage crisis of 2007, which of the following acts created an independent oversight agency tasked with the responsibility of overseeing and enforcing federal consumer financial protection laws; enforcing antidiscrimination laws in consumer finance; restricting unfair, deceptive, or abusive acts or practices; receiving consumer complaints; promoting financial education; and watching for emerging financial risks for consumers?

Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act

Adjustments for physical characteristics are intended to capture the dimensions in which a comparable property differs physically from the subject property. If the only physical difference between the subject property and the comparable is that the comparable does not have a fireplace, which of the following adjustments should take place?

The transaction price of the comparable property should be adjusted upward

If a homeowner in mortgage distress owes more than the value of the home and is unable to make the loan manageable by refinancing or modifying the mortgage, the next recourse often is a short sale of the property. All of the following statements are true regarding a short sale except

a short sale relieves the seller of any other outstanding obligations on the home, such as owner association fees or a second mortgage.

Gross income multiplier analysis assumes that the subject and comparable properties are collecting market rents. Therefore, it is frequently argued that an income multiplier approach to valuation is most appropriate for properties with short-term leases. For which of the following property types, therefore, would we find it most appealing to use a gross-income multiplier in our analysis?

apartments

Real estate appraisal is often considered "more art than science," since identifying truly comparable properties is a subjective process. Therefore, it is essential that a comparable property transaction at least meets the requirement that it was fairly negotiated under typical market conditions. Which of the following types of transactions would be most appropriate for use in the sales comparison approach to valuation?

arms-length transaction

Most appraisers adhere to an "above-line" treatment of capital expenditures. This implies which of the following?

capital expenditures are subtracted from the calculation of net operating income

Known popularly by its section in the Federal Bankruptcy Code, which of the following types of bankruptcy is a court-supervised workout for a troubled household?

chapter 13 bankruptcy

Known popularly by its section in the Federal Bankruptcy Code, which of the following types of bankruptcy is the traditional form of bankruptcy wherein the court simply liquidates the assets of the debtor and distributes the proceeds to creditors in proportion to their share of total claims?

chapter 7 bankruptcy

Certain mortgage loans contain a due-on-sale clause, which gives the lender the right to terminate the loan at sale of the property. Which of the following types of loans is the most likely to contain a due-on-sale clause?

conventional home loan

When a borrower defaults on the payment requirements of a loan, there are several options that the lender has at its disposal. When the lender allows the borrower simply to convey the property to the lender rather than pursue a court-supervised process of terminating all of the borrower's claims of ownership of the property, this is commonly referred to as

deed in lieu of foreclosure

For most mortgage loans on commercial real estate, the right of prepayment is constrained through a prepayment penalty. Which of the following types of prepayment penalties requires a borrower to provide the lender with some combination of U.S. Treasury securities that will serve to replace the cash flows of the loan being paid off?

defeasance prepayment penalty

Assume that an individual has just lost his job and has been consistently late paying his bills. The bank recognizes deterioration in the individual's credit score and has notified him that he must pay his home equity line of credit in full. The mortgage clause that makes this possible is known as the

demand clause

Net operating income is similar to which of the following measures of cash flow in corporate finance?

earning before deductions for interest, depreciation, income taxes, amortization (EBIDTA)

Several techniques can be used to obtain an indication of land value. The cost approach to valuation would most likely be used for which of the following properties?

education facility

Which of the following acts prohibits discrimination in lending practices on the basis of race, color, religion, national origin, sex, marital status, age, or because all or part of an applicant's income derives from a public assistance program?

equal credit opportunity act

Even after a property goes into foreclosure, it is still possible for the borrower to reclaim the property as long as he or she produces the outstanding mortgage balance and all foreclosure costs incurred to that point. In a state such as Georgia, this right only extends to the date of the foreclosure sale. When this occurs, this right is more commonly referred to as

equity of redemption

Accrued depreciation is the difference between the current market value of a building and the total cost to reproduce it new. One reason for this difference is related to changes in tastes, preferences, technical innovations, or market standards. This is commonly referred to as

functional obsolescence

For smaller income-producing properties, appraisers may use the ratio of a property's selling price to its effective gross income. This is an example of a

gross income multiplier

Which of the following acts was passed out of concern for abusive predatory practices in subprime lending?

home ownership and equity protection

It may be appropriate for a real estate professional to use different approaches for estimating the market value of a property depending upon the particular property type and use. Which of the following approaches would be most applicable when considering the valuation of retail office space (i.e., which approach would receive the most weight in the valuation process)?

income approach

At the conclusion of the traditional sales comparison approach to valuation, the appraiser evaluates and reconciles the final adjusted sale prices into a single value for the subject property. This single value is commonly referred to as

indicated value

When employing the sales comparison approach, appraisers must consider numerous adjustments to convert each comparable sale transaction into an approximation of the subject property. Adjustments are divided into two groups: transactional adjustments and property adjustments. All of the following are transactional adjustments except

location

A special contract in which the borrower pledges the mortgaged property as security to the lender is commonly referred to as the

mortgage (deed of trust)

When calculating the net operating income of a property, it is important to identify any expenses that will be incurred in attempts to maintain the property. All of the following would be considered operating expenses except

mortgage payments

As part of the data analysis step in the appraisal process, it is necessary to consider the highest and best use of the property in question. In regards to determining highest and best use, all of the following statements are true except

no financial limits are considered when determining properties best use

The starting point in calculating net operating income is the total annual income the property would produce assuming 100% occupancy and no collection losses. This is commonly referred to as

potential gross income

When using discounted cash flow analysis for valuation, an appraiser will prepare a cash flow forecast, often referred to as a

pro forma

When a buyer acquires a property having an existing mortgage loan, a decision must be made as to whether or not the subsequent owner of the property can preserve the loan. If the buyer does not add his or her signature to the note, the buyer does not take on any personal liability. In this case, the buyer is said to

purchase the property subject to the existing loan.

With most standard home loans, the lender can hold the borrower personally liable in the event of a default. Such loans are commonly referred to as

recourse loans

If all appraisal methods are appropriate for use in valuing a particular property, there is a clear order of preference that real estate professionals adhere to. Which of the following depicts the preferred order, with the most preferable approach being listed first and the least preferable listed last?

sales comparison approach, sales approach, cost approach

Even after a property goes into foreclosure, it is still possible for the borrower to reclaim the property as long as he or she produces the outstanding mortgage balance and all foreclosure costs incurred to that point. In a state such as Florida, this right may even extend beyond the date of the foreclosure sale. When this occurs, this right is more commonly referred to as

statutory redemption

Market conditions -0.50% (per month) Lot size $25,000 (per acre) Effective age (years) $1,000 (per year) Living area (sq. ft) $45.00 (per sq. ft.) Bath $1,250 (per bath) Bedrooms $3,000 (per bedroom) Time sold Today 4 months ago Lot size (acres) 0.83 0.80 Effective age (years) 8 7 Living area (sq. ft) 2,197 2.383 Bath 3.5 3.5 Bedrooms 4 4 Sale price - $287,000

the price of the comparable property must be adjusted downward 8,370

While there is no specific number of comparables that is required for every appraisal assignment, how many comparable sales are considered adequate as long as the properties are very similar to the subject property?

three

Congress has enacted a number of regulations that have established criteria for evaluating home loan applicants and mandating disclosures in the origination of home loans. Which of the following congressional acts requires important disclosures concerning the cost of consumer credit, including the computation of the annual percentage rate (APR)?

truth in lending act

The process of converting periodic income into a value estimate is referred to as income capitalization. Income capitalization models can generally be categorized as either direct capitalization models or discounted cash flow models. Which of the following statements best describes the direct capitalization method?

value estimates are based on multiple of expected first year net operating income

Foreclosure is considered the ultimate recourse of the lender because it allows the lender to bring about sale of the property to recover the outstanding indebtedness. All of the following statements regarding foreclosure are true except

when a lender forecloses on a property, it extinguishes all superior liens, bringing about a free and clear sale of the property.