ch.8 bio

Which tissues' cells have the greatest number of mitochondria?

Skeletal muscle

When is fermentation more advantageous than aerobic respiration?

When a quick burst of energy is needed and oxygen is in limited supply

The energy harvested from glycolysis comes from

a coupled reaction that passes a high-energy phosphate to ADP.

The preparatory reaction is a(n) ____ reaction in which electrons from pyruvate are removed by NAD+.

oxidation

The final electron acceptor at the end of the electron transport chain is _______.

oxygen

The equation: energy + 6 CO2 + 6 H2O --> C6H12O6 + 6 O2 - represents:

photosynthesis

The role that mitochondria play in the cell is that of a ______.

powerhouse

During the prep reaction, _____ is converted into acetyl-CoA

pyruvate

The 3-carbon end product of glycolysis is ______.

pyruvate

The glycerol that results from the digestion of fats will be converted into _____ during energy production.

pyruvate

When fat is used as an energy source, fatty acids are converted into acetyl-CoA, which then enters what phase of cellular respiration?

the citric acid cycle

Select all of the phases of cellular respiration that are classified as aerobic.

the electron transport chain the prep reaction the citric acid cycle

True or false: Oxygen is required during aerobic respiration for the electron transport chain to remain functioning.

true

True or false: There is a net gain of 2 ATP during glycolysis.

true

True or false: Mitochondria creates energy when it converts a carbohydrate into ATP.

False

Glycolysis will directly produce _____ ATP

2

Select the inputs of fermentation.

2 ADP glucose 2 phosphate groups

Select the outputs of the citric acid cycle per glucose molecule.

2 ATP 4 CO2 2 FADH2 6 NADH

Identify the structures of a mitochondrion by matching the choices below.

A Outer membrane B Inner membrane C Intermembrane space D Cristae E Matrix

Which of the following are possible outputs of fermentation?

CO2 lactate alcohol

Which of the following statements about cellular respiration is accurate?

Cellular respiration requires oxygen and produces carbon dioxide.

Match each structure of a mitochondrion to its description.

Cristae- Location of the electron transport chain Matrix- Location of the prep reaction and the citric acid cycle

Which process of cellular respiration produces the most ATP?

Electron transport chain

Match each term to its description. Instructions

Energy- flows through organisms Chemicals- cycle within natural systems

Which of these is an advantage of lactic acid fermentation over cellular respiration?

Fermentation provides a rapid burst of energy when oxygen supplies are limited.

Energy is invested into the process of glycolysis in the form of 2 ATP molecules, which contribute one phosphate each to a pair of 3-carbon intermediates of glucose called

G3P

Which stage of cellular respiration breaks down glucose into two 3-carbon pyruvate molecules?

Glycolysis

During the energy harvesting step of glycolysis, G3P is oxidized when _____ picks up hydrogen ions.

NAD+

Select the coenzymes which function as energy carriers during cellular respiration.

NAD+ FAD

Which of these electron carriers bring electrons to the electron transport chain in cellular respiration?

NADH FADH2

Which electron carriers are produced during citric acid cycle?

NADH and FADH2

When glycolysis begins, 2 ATP are used to activate glucose through the addition of

Phosphate

Knowing that chickens tend to walk rather than fly, which muscles would you expect to have the greatest number of mitochondria?

Thigh muscles

Which of the following is an input to the citric acid cycle?

acetyl groups

Excess carbohydrate intake can result in the formation of fat if extra G3P is converted to glycerol and acetyl groups from glycolysis join to form fatty acids. This is an example of what type of reaction?

anabolic

The construction of ATP by the addition of a phosphate molecule to ADP is an example of

anabolism.

Glycolysis is called an _______ process because it can occur in the cytoplasm in the absence of oxygen.

anaerobic

The removal of a phosphate molecule from ATP that forms ADP is an example of

catabolism.

The equation: C6H12O6 + 6 O2 --> 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + energy - represents:

cellular respiration

The process by which cells make energy using oxygen and the nutrients produced during photosynthesis in order to produce ATP molecules is called

cellular respiration.

Select the four phases of cellular respiration from the options below.

citric acid cycle preparatory reaction glycolysis electron transport chain

Short, fingerlike projections formed by the folding of the inner membrane of mitochondria are called _________.

cristae

When electrons move through an electron transport chain, they move from a ______ to a _____ energy level.

higher; lower

Select the characteristics of fermentation that distinguish it from aerobic respiration.

does not require oxygen results in the formation of lactate in animal cells produces a limited amount of ATP

During cellular respiration NAD+ and FAD usually carry high energy electrons to the _______ to produce ATP.

electron transport chain

Energy from the sun is converted to carbohydrate and then ATP molecules. Along the way, some energy is lost as heat. This is an example of

energy flow.

The components needed to build new molecules are formed when other molecules are broken down. Excess carbohydrate intake creates the molecules needed to synthesize ______ which explains how a person might gain weight from eating too much candy, ice cream, or cake.

fat

The anaerobic process that produces a limited amount of ATP in the absence of oxygen is called

fermentation.

Glycolysis produces two pyruvate molecules due to the breakdown of the sugar

glucose

Match each molecule to its description during the process of glycolysis. Instructions

glucose- broken down into two 3-carbon pyruvate molecules pyruvate- 3-carbon molecule; two are produced from each glucose molecule broken down NADH- formed from the oxidation of glucose 4 ATP- produced as a result of the oxidation of glucose 2 ATP- used during the process

Place the four phases of cellular respiration in the order in which they occur. Begin with the first stage to occur at the top of the list.

glycolysis preparatory reaction citric acid cycle electron transport chain