Ch.9: Physical Disorders

Which of the following is an incorrect match of medical condition and its definition? a. Arteriosclerosis: obstruction caused by buildup of plaque in the arteries b. Myocardial infarction: death of heart tissue due to a completely clogged artery c. Angina: chest pain caused by partial obstruction of the arteries d. Ischemia: deficiency of blood to a body part caused by narrowing of the arteries

a. Arteriosclerosis: obstruction caused by buildup of plaque in the arteries

Regarding the age ranges for the risk of HIV/AIDS, which of the following statements is accurate? a. For men, the highest risk is during their late 20s and early 30s. b. The age range for risk is younger for men than for women. c. The age ranges for risk are the same for both males and females. d. For women, the highest risk is between 22 and 26

a. For men, the highest risk is during their late 20s and early 30s.

Which of the following individuals is experiencing vascular pain? a. Lori, who experiences regular headaches because of enlarged blood vessels. b. Mallary, who has suffered from ongoing back pain for years and who regularly visits a chiropractor for treatments. c. Louis, who suffers from ongoing pain in his ankle ever since breaking it several years ago. d. Justin, who overdid his workout at the gym yesterday and now has terribly sore muscles.

a. Lori, who experiences regular headaches because of enlarged blood vessels.

The effects of stress on susceptibility to infections in the human body is mediated through the ________ system. a. skeletal b. endocrine c. circulatory d. immune

d. immune

Martin has been informed that he is HIV positive, although he has not yet developed AIDS. He lives in the part of the world where between 15% and 28% of the adult population is HIV positive, accounting for two-thirds of such cases worldwide. Where does Martin live? a. Mexico b. Southern Africa c. The outback of Australia d. Indonesia

b. Southern Africa

Which of the following is an example of a person demonstrating a "pain behavior"? a. Barbara is engaging in physical therapy to regain strength in her arm after surgery despite the fact that the daily exercises are quite painful. b. Stanley does not go skiing with his son anymore because it is too painful for his knees. c. Marcus regularly takes the medication his physician prescribed to deal with the pain caused by chronic kidney stones. d. After developing a case of shingles, Marcia is suffering with very intense levels of pain.

b. Stanley does not go skiing with his son anymore because it is too painful for his knees.

Sue has been dealing with chronic pain ever since she was involved in a car accident several months ago. According to research presented in your textbook by Compas and colleagues (2006), all but which of the following are likely to contribute to Sue experiencing higher levels of both anxiety and somatic complaints? a. using wishful thinking to manage. b. maintaining an optimistic attitude. c. avoiding treatment. d. using denial to cope.

b. maintaining an optimistic attitude

In the 1970s, Herbert Benson developed a brief relaxation procedure that involved focusing on a specific mantra. His work was a stripped down version of ________. a. mindfulness meditation b. transcendental meditation c. hypnosis d. biofeedback

b. transcendental meditation

Why is it necessary for people who have received certain types of organ transplants to take medications to suppress their own immune system response? a. Because the immune system would regard the transplanted organ as a foreign invader and would attack it as it would a virus or a bacterium. b. Because the immune system will be irreparably damaged by the transplanted organ within the first several months of transplant, so it has to be artificially shut down to prevent long term problems. c. Because the immune system will begin targeting not only the transplanted organ but also other organs in the same vicinity, and this can lead to fatal outcomes. d. Because the immune system will go into overdrive and will cause the various glands of the body to start overproducing their associated hormones.

a. Because the immune system would regard the transplanted organ as a foreign invader and would attack it as it would a virus or a bacterium.

Research has shown that excessive secretion of the stress hormone ________ can result in cell death in the hippocampal region of the brain in response to chronic stress. a. cortisol b. adrenaline c. endorphin d. androgen

a. cortisol

In the phenomenon known as ________ control of pain, the pain behaviors manifested by an individual are determined by social consequences. a. operant b. cognitive c. classical d. endogenous

a. operant

According to the principles of health psychology, which of the following would be the most appropriate goal regarding lung cancer? a. Making sure to smoke "light" or "ultra-light" cigarettes to reduce the risk of lung cancer. b. Learning about and avoiding high-risk behaviors that can lead to cancer in the first place. c. Learning about the proper uses of supplemental oxygen after lung cancer has been diagnosed to prevent it from growing. d. Educating a cancer-sufferer about their illness and the various treatment options for their disease.

b. Learning about and avoiding high-risk behaviors that can lead to cancer in the first place.

As your textbook states, the single most effective prevention strategy when it comes to dealing with HIV and AIDS is a. getting people to take the newly developed HIV vaccine that protects against the virus. b. encouraging adolescents to be sexually abstinent. c. changing high-risk behaviors. d. focusing on getting those who use drugs to avoid activities that involve needles.

c. changing high-risk behaviors.

Damon has been suffering from ________ for some time. His physician recommends a program of treatment developed by Michael Sharpe that includes increasing activity, regulating periods of rest, and breathing exercises, along with other interventions. a. generalized anxiety disorder b. post-traumatic stress disorder c. chronic fatigue syndrome d. neurasthenia

c. chronic fatigue syndrome

The field of _______ is considered a subfield of behavioral medicine and focuses on the various mental factors that are important for the establishment and maintenance of physical and psychological health. a. psychophysiological disorders b. biopsychosocial medicine c. health psychology d. psychosomatic medicine

c. health psychology

The study of psychological influences on the neurological responding of the human immune response is called a. health psychology b. psychotraumatology c. psychoneuroimmunology d. behavioral medicine

c. psychoneuroimmunology

Drew is voluntarily taking part in a study where experimenters cause him pain by injecting saltwater into is jaw. After the pain is established he is then given a pill to help reduce the pain. Little does he know, however, that the pill is a placebo. Which of the following outcomes would be consistent with the findings described in your chapter? a. Drew will not experience any pain reduction because placebos have been found to be relatively ineffective treatments. b. Drew will only experience a reduction in pain if he is told that it is a placebo. c. Drew will actually experience more pain, because the introduction of a "treatment" will cause him to think that the pain is more severe than it is. d. The endogenous opioid system in Drew's brain will be activated and he will experience a reduction in pain.

d. The endogenous opioid system in Drew's brain will be activated and he will experience a reduction in pain.

In an important study of cancer sufferers conducted by David Spiegel at Stanford University, which of the following outcomes was observed? a. Despite the predictions of the study, group psychotherapy did not provide any appreciable benefits to the recipients. b. Group psychotherapy seems to increase depression in cancer patients, as they become more aware of the severity of their own situation. c. Two-thirds of the group therapy patients were still alive four years after the study began, despite having an initial prognosis of less than two years. d. The group receiving therapy lived, on average, twice as long as the control group

d. The group receiving therapy lived, on average, twice as long as the control group

In the mid-19th century, symptoms of fatigue, vague aches and pains, low-grade fever, and lack of energy were attributed to a disorder called neurasthenia, which literally translated to "________." a. poor immune strength b. enlargement of neurons c. inadequate constitution d. lack of nerve strength

d. lack of nerve strength

In response to sustained stress, the body goes through several stages that together constitute the general adaptation syndrome (GAS), a concept proposed by researcher Hans Selye. The second stage of the GAS is a. resilience b. alarm c. exhaustion d. resistance

d. resistance