Chan Student Question Exam 2
T/F If the therapist gives the client a score of 2+ (poor plus) on supination, the therapist tested against gravity.
F
If an individual has Klumpke's syndrome that means they have compression in the ___ - ___ nerves, which can result in claw-hand deformity. (online book p.1702) C5-C6 C7-C8 C8-T1 T1-T2
C8-T1
Which of the following is an example of a dynamic exercise? (282) Isometric activation Concentric activation Eccentric activation B & C
B & C
Which of the following is a contraindication for manual edema mobilization? (pg. 277) Pregnancy Congestive heart failure Arthritis Renal failure B & D
B & D
Which of the following is an example of an occupation-based exercise? (283) At-home workout programs Theraband exercises Folding laundry to improve shoulder ROM Isometric exercises
Folding laundry to improve shoulder ROM
The brachial plexus includes nerves from: (1700) C1-T1 C4-C6 C5-T1 C7-T1
C5-T1
Which of the following is NOT included in peripheral sensation? Touch awareness Pressure awareness Temperature Pain Proprioception and kinesthesia Two- point descrimination
Proprioception and kinesthesia
Which activity would be a suitable activity for a client to get accustomed to their newly-fitted dynamic arm support? (Steven- pg. 1380 in .pdf version) Driving a power wheelchair using a hand control Using an iPad to connect with friends on social media Feeding themselves simple meals using a spoon or fork Playing a board game with a family member All of the above
All of the above
Resistance applied at the end of the tested range is termed _____. Resistance applied throughout the range is termed ______. (DG, pg 226, AZoeller) Make test, break test Break test, make test
Break test, make test
Dynamic orthoses may be utilized to: (Angelina) Decrease pain Decrease ROM Increase strength Enable engagement in meaningful combinations Support a weak UE
Decrease pain Increase strength Enable engagement in meaningful combinations
When measuring ROM of wrist radial deviation, the axis of the goniometer should be placed at: (p. 212) Dorsal aspect of the wrist joint Palmar aspect of the wrist joint Ulnar aspect of the hand
Dorsal aspect of the wrist joint
Prehension is defined as a position of the hand that allows finger and thumb contact and facilitates manipulation of objects, whereas ________ is defined as a position of the hand that facilitates contact of an object against the palm and the palmar surface of partially flexed digits. (P- S/K pg 736-738, JSy) Hold Grasp Clutch Pinch
Grasp
You have administered the Nine-Hole Peg test on your client who is in the recovery phase of Guillain-Barre Syndrome. As they perform the assessment, you want to carefully observe their... (select all that apply) Celest P&S-K Pg. 1695 Grasp and pinch Bilateral gross manual dexterity Unilateral finger dexterity Quality of movement
Grasp and pinch Unilateral finger dexterity Quality of movement
During the recovery phase of Guillain-Barre Syndrome, what should an occupational therapist be particularly concerned with in regards to activities and occupation? (select all that apply) Celest P&S-K Pg. 1695 Gross motor Fine motor Resistive exercises Nonresistive exercises
Gross motor Fine motor Resistive exercises Nonresistive exercises
_____________________________________, or active touch, is an important sense we need in order to successfully and safely perform activities in our daily lives. (Bailey, pg 177) Hypersensitivity Sensibility Haptic perception Nociception
Haptic perception
Multiple Answer: Without this sense, the amount of force needed to grip an object can be inadequate or inappropriate, resulting in objects being dropped or crushed; excessive grip forces can also create muscular fatigue in the hands from overactivity. (Haleigh) Haptic perception Centrally Mediated Sensation Peripheral Sensation Exteroceptive Sensation
Haptic perception Centrally Mediated Sensation
Which of the following ADL's or IADL's would be LEAST affected by someone with carpal tunnel syndrome? (p. 177, Macey) Stirring a pot of rice Brushing hair Pouring a glass of orange juice Holding an infant on lap
Holding an infant on lap
Which of the following is the only prehension pattern that does not include the thumb to supply opposition? (Caroline- Pg. 738) Hook grasp Cylindrical grasp Spherical grasp Intrinsic plus grasp
Hook grasp
Select all of the following statements that are true regarding spinal cord injuries: (Sydney, pg 180) When a person is diagnosed with anterior cord syndrome, there can be variable loss of motor function, sensation of pain, and temperature sensation. I. Damage to the anterior region of the spinal cord results in damage to the Spinothalamic and Corticospinal tracts of the spinal cord. II. Damage to the dorsal region of the spinal cord results in damage to the Spinothalamic tract of the spinal cord. III. When the dorsal aspect of the spinal cord is damaged, touch, vibration, and proprioception sensations are affected. IV. Spinal cord injuries are classified as either partial or complete. I, II, V I, II, IV I, II, IV, V I, III, IV, V II, IV, V
I, II, IV
Which of the following is NOT a compensatory strategy for sensory loss? (p. 590) Nora Do not persist in an activity for prolonged periods of time If there is tissue injury or damage, stop the treatment Use built up handles on objects whenever possible to distribute gripping pressure over a greater surface area Maintain skin suppleness as much as possible by applying moisturizing agents
If there is tissue injury or damage, stop the treatment
Which of the following is NOT a reason that pain, light touch, temperature, and vibration sensation should be tested in those with incomplete/complete SCI? (D&G Pg. 180; Addie) These are protective sensations and should be assessed to see if the client will be aware of potential harm. Incomplete SCI can occur in different areas of the spinal cord, and the client will still retain certain sensations depending on the location of the lesion. Incomplete SCIs damage each of those sensations regardless of where the lesion is, and they need to be tested to see to what extent the sensations are still present. Testing the different sensations can help the clinician determine at what spinal-level function the client has.
Incomplete SCIs damage each of those sensations regardless of where the lesion is, and they need to be tested to see to what extent the sensations are still present.
Movement awareness, which is also referred to as _____________, is the ability to sense the direction of joint motion (up, down, left, right): (Christina, pg. 184) Stereognosis Graphesthesia Kinesthesia Topagnosia
Kinesthesia
Ramachandran & Rogers-Ramachandran found that this kind of therapy can be very effective for patients experiencing PLP : Desensitization Mirror therapy Moberg pickup test Two-point discrimination
Mirror therapy
Interventions used to affect Cortical Reorganization include: (JaLeen pgs.1069-1070 e-book) Mirror visual feedback, laterality training, imagined hand movements Moving touch, graded discrimination, laterality training Localization, compensatory strategies, graded discrimination Stereognosis, graphesthesia, localization
Mirror visual feedback, laterality training, imagined hand movements
A therapist is evaluating a new patient who has suffered from CVA and it has impaired her ROM, in addition to completing ADLs around the home. Out of the following assessments, which of these would be appropriate to use to test her fine motor skills? The Hand Active Sensation Test (HASTe) DASH Semmes-Weinstein Monofilament Moberg Pick-Up Test
Moberg Pick-Up Test
When a nerve is completely cut through, it will slowly grow back. The correct order in which sensation returns is: (D&G pg. 181; Addie) When a nerve is completely cut through, it will slowly grow back. The correct order in which sensation returns is: (D&G pg. 181; Addie) Pain and temperature, moving touch, light touch, touch localization Moving touch, light touch, pain and temperature, touch localization Light touch, moving touch, touch localization, pain and temperature Touch localization, moving touch, pain and temperature, light touch Moving touch, light touch, pain and temperature, touch localization Light touch, moving touch, touch localization, pain and temperature Touch localization, moving touch, pain and temperature, light touch
Pain and temperature, moving touch, light touch, touch localization
Cortical sensory function requires the _______ to discriminate between different stimuli provided between individual sensory inputs (Lauren G, D&G 185) Frontal lobe Parietal lobe Cerebellum Temporal lobe Motor cortex
Parietal lobe
After sustaining a spinal cord injury, Grace is now experiencing graphanesthesia (an absence of graphesthesia). She will likely have trouble doing which of the following tasks? (Christina, pg. 185) Feel light and deep touch input Recognize symbols written on the skin Discern an object without looking at it Sense the direction of joint motion
Recognize symbols written on the skin
Which type of pinch is tested by having the patient pinch the pinch gauge between the tips of the thumb and index fingers? (p. 258) Three-jaw chuck Tip pinch Key pinch Hook pinch
Tip pinch
When completing a two-point moving test, if the client responds accurately the next step for the therapist should be to: (Christina, pg.1060 e-book) a) decrease the distance between the points and repeat the sequence until finding the smallest distance that the client can accurately perceive b) increase the distance between the points and repeat the sequence until finding the greatest distance that the client can accurately perceive c) record the client's score and assume they are unable to discriminate any further distances between the points d) switch to a static two-point discrimination test
a) decrease the distance between the points and repeat the sequence until finding the smallest distance that the client can accurately perceive
Which of these is the correct definition of Tenodesis? (1329) a). Reciprocal motion of the wrist and fingers that occurs when the wrist extends producing finger flexion and the wrist flexes producing finger extension. b). Reciprocal motion of the wrist and fingers that occurs when the wrist extends producing finger extension and the wrist flexes producing finger flexion. c). Reciprocal motion of the wrist and fingers that occurs when the wrist flexes producing finger flexion and the wrist extends producing finger extension d). Reciprocal motion of the wrist and fingers that occurs when the wrist extends producing finger extension and the wrist flexes producing finger extension.
a). Reciprocal motion of the wrist and fingers that occurs when the wrist extends producing finger flexion and the wrist flexes producing finger extension.
Which of the following is not a palmar ligament? (1334) a). Radioscapholunate ligament b). Radiocapitate ligament c). Radiolunate ligament d). Radioscaphocapitate ligament
b). Radiocapitate ligament
The external torque is the product of the ____ and the ____. a. External resistance, internal moment arm b. External force, external moment arm c. Internal force, internal moment arm d. Internal force, external moment arm
b. External force, external moment arm
Which of the following describes Phase 1 of sensory reeducation intervention procedures? (p. 188, Nora) a. Occurs when patients can appreciate some sensation and can learn to differentiate between sensation types b. Focuses on maintaining sensory cortical representation by either providing directed sensory stimulation or by making the brain believe that no sensory changes have occurred c. It is delayed until adequate sensation has return d. Includes functional tasks such as object identification through touch
b. Focuses on maintaining sensory cortical representation by either providing directed sensory stimulation or by making the brain believe that no sensory changes have occurred
Brachial plexus injuries are typically ____ and occur during ___. (Amy Mori pg 937) a. Unilateral, adulthood b. Bilateral, adulthood c. Unilateral, childhood d. Unilateral, birth
d. Unilateral, birth
When AROM is limited but joint PROM is normal or greater than AROM. The diagnosis would be what? (Select all that apply(p.279) Lag due to weakness Joint friction Tendon adhesion of the agonist Passive Insufficiency edema A, b,c All of the above
A, b,c
MATCH: A: Touch and pressure, temperature, pain, two-point discrimination B:Proprioception, stereognosis, awareness of touch or pressure C: A person's sensitivity to sensory stimulation; sensory function i:Centrally mediated sensation ii:Sensibility iii:Peripheral sensation
A, iii B, i C, ii
Match the type of sensation with its corresponding pathway: Type of Sensation: a:Constant touch or pressure b: Moving touch or vibration c:Proprioception and kinesthesia d:Pain (pinprick) e: Pain (chronic) f: Temperature Pathway: 1. Immediately cross to opposite side and pass upward in anterior spinothalamic tracts of spinal cord 2. Ascend in dorsal column and medial lemniscus of the spinal cord in posterior pyramidal tract, cross to opposite side in medulla 3. Same as for moving touch or vibration plus spinocerebellar tract
ANS: a,b & 2, c&3, d,e,f &1
MATCH: A:First-class lever B:Second-class lever C: Third-class lever Biceps brachii during elbow flexion Atlanto-occipital joint during neck extension Metacarpophalangeal joint during calf raise
Biceps brachii during elbow flexion (c) Atlanto-occipital joint during neck extension (a) Metacarpophalangeal joint during calf raise (b)
Using OTPF-4 terms, sensation is a(n) _________, a combination of client factors that play a role in performance skills. (Bailey, pg 581) Body function Process skill Attitude Environmental factor
Body function
Following nerve laceration, repair, or injury, peripheral nerves regenerate at which of the following rates? (Roxanna, D&G pg. 188) 1 mm per day 1 inch per month Both A & B 1.5 mm per day
Both A & B
MATCH A:Discriminative Sensory Reeducation B:Compensatory Strategies C:Cortical Reorganization 1. Use of stimuli to create a new cortical map 2. Uses localization and graded discrimination 3. Manage needs of client with new limitations via education and modifications
C-1, B-3, A-2
There are a number of procedures to take into consideration when discerning reliability for a sensory assessment. Which of the following is NOT recommended? Avoiding giving inadvertent cues, such as auditory, visual, or facial cues Observing the patient for any discomfort relating to the stimuli that may signal hypersensitivity Developing a system for patient response, either, verbal or nonverbal. Choose an environment with multiple distractions
Choose an environment with multiple distractions
All of the following are common procedures used when sensory testing, EXCEPT: (Sydney, pg 182) Choosing an environment that has external stimuli Occluding the patient's vision by either having them close their eyes or by using some sort of barrier. Stabilizing the body part being tested Applying the stimulus at uneven intervals
Choosing an environment that has external stimuli
The most accurate sensory evaluations require all of the following except: (p. 584, Shelby) A quiet testing area Client's vision unobstructed High-quality instruments Client's vision obstructed
Client's vision unobstructed
What are two symptoms most frequently mentioned by patients with Post-Polio Syndrome? (1698) (multiple answer question) Loss of eye sight Fatigue Pain Loss of sensation in extremities
Fatigue Pain
A deficit in superficial or cutaneous sensation would likely affect which of the following ADLs the most? (p.583, Macey) Feeding Functional mobility Toileting Showering
Feeding
What area of sensation is MOST affected by someone who has experienced a brain injury? (p. 179, Macey) Temperature sensation Pain sensibility Fine touch and proprioception None of the above
Fine touch and proprioception
True or False. Clients with PNS lesions and CNS dysfunction are more likely to have deficits in vibration, proprioception, stereognosis, and temperature. (p. 583, Macey) True False
False
Which of the following is not an intrinsic muscle of the hand? (P-S/K pg. 735, AZ) Lumbricals Dorsal/Palmar Interossei Hypothenar/Thenar Eminence Flexors/Extensors
Flexors/Extensors
Bob suffered from a CVA that left him with left hemiparesis. Woodworking has always been important to him, and so his OT has been helping him get to a point where he could begin this hobby safely again. He knows that it will be important for him to take breaks during his woodworking to do a visual check of his skin to help compensate for his sensory loss. What should he be looking for? (JaLeen, pg.1067 e-book) Cuts Edema Redness Warmth
Cuts Edema Redness Warmth
What is the most common static grasp pattern? (Caroline- Pg. 738) Spherical grasp Cylindrical grasp Hook grasp Intrinsic plus grasp
Cylindrical grasp
Which type of sensory training approach is used with Mirror Visual Feedback Therapy during sensory reeducation? (Roxanna, D&G pg. 188) Active sensory training Passive sensory training Both A & B Desensitization training
Passive sensory training
Which of the following would not be a consideration of whether or not a client is a good candidate for an orthosis? (P-S/K pg 744, AZ) Ability to don or doff an orthosis Skin tolerance and hypersensitivity Compliance issues Cost of orthosis
Cost of orthosis
An individual with a deficit in haptic perception would experience the most difficulty with which activity? (Anokhi, D&G pg. 177) Cracking an egg Putting on a sock Washing a dish Pushing a grocery cart
Cracking an egg
Using viscoelasticity by applying constant stress is called ____. (pg 273) Stress relaxation Stretch Creep Strain
Creep
True or False: Screening for STATIC two-point discrimination requires the examiner to apply moving pressure to the patient's finger/hand, while screening for DYNAMIC two-point discrimination requires the examiner to hold the pressure when applying to the stimulus to the patient's finger/hand.
False
True or False: The sensory homunculus remodels itself after limb loss, increasing the area represented by the lost limb, which causes phantom limb pain/sensation.
False
Three-point finger orthoses that incorporate springs, spring wire, or elastics are often used to correct: (pg 743 hard copy) MCP and PIP joints DIP and PIP joints Carpals and DIP joints
DIP and PIP joints
Sarah is in the acute stage of Guillain-Barre syndrome. What interventions should her occupational therapist implement during treatment? (Emma Cochran pg. 933) Intensive interdisciplinary rehabilitation program Daily PROM, splinting for contractures, protect weak muscles AROM, non-resistive exercise, splinting AROM, resistive exercise
Daily PROM, splinting for contractures, protect weak muscles
True/False: Verbal instructions are enough if the client appears to understand the instructions during the therapy session.
False
T/F PROM is an equivalent to stretching intervention
F
All of the following deformities are produced in joints that are affected by paralytic polio EXCEPT (online book pg. 1697) Subluxation Scoliosis Contractures Fractures
Fractures
George has been wearing a cast on his wrist for 8 weeks and is getting it off a day before coming in for OT with you. What would be the most appropriate order: (DG pg 198, Jacquelyn Sy) Manual Muscle Testing, EKG, Functional UE screening, ROM measurements Functional UE screening, Manual Muscle Testing, ROM measurements ROM measurements, Manual Muscle Testing, Functional UE screening Functional UE screening, specific ROM measurements, Manual Muscle Testing
Functional UE screening, specific ROM measurements, Manual Muscle Testing
While physical therapists typically complete LE screening, occupational therapists still play a role. Which of the following fall under an OT's role in lower extremities: (DG pg 198, Jacquelyn Sy) Functional assessment of LEs as related to ADLs and IADLs Gait training Specific ROM measurements Manual muscle testing of the lower leg and foot
Functional assessment of LEs as related to ADLs and IADLs
When measuring joint motion of the UE, what tool should an occupational therapist use? (p. 200) Dynamometer Goniometer Tape measure 9 Peg Hole Test
Goniometer
T/F Muscles that have an MMT grade of "good minus" (4-) or below are considered weak.
T
Dr. Stevens was administering a sensory evaluation on her client in a secluded therapy room. She had the client place her hand palm up on the table. Her client watched as she took the monofilament testing instrument and started at her fingertips and went all the way to the end of her palm. Which of the following is an error Dr. Stevens made. The way the forearm was rested The client was able to watch Dr. stevens perform the assessment The therapist went from distal to proximal All answers list problems with Dr. Stevens' evaluation
All answers list problems with Dr. Stevens' evaluation
Mr. Davidson has a CNS injury with brain involvement and the spinal cord is spared. He is more likely to have deficits in: Proprioception Stereognosis Processing sensory feedback All of the above
All of the above
Which of the following items is NOT used during the Moberg Pickup Test? (p. 589, Hannah) Small square nut Key Nickel Cheerio
Cheerio
Select all of the components of the muscle tendon unit. (pg 271) Nerves Upper motor neuron Elastic connective tissue Muscle fiber
Elastic connective tissue Muscle fiber
Areas of the body that have high innervation densities based on the sensory homunculus include all of the following EXCEPT: (p. 179, Macey) Face Elbow Hand Fingers
Elbow
What are possible interventions an occupational therapist might use to treat acute edema? AROM & PROM Resistive exercises Elevation, compression gloves, cryotherapy
Elevation, compression gloves, cryotherapy
Muscle ____________ is the maximum amount of force that is produced by a muscle in a single contraction (268) Stress Torque Strength Endurance
Endurance
An occupational therapist is treating a patient with phantom limb pain. The therapist decides to use mirror therapy as part of the intervention. This intervention is considered_____ (Maria D&G 188) Desensitization Passive sensory reeducation Active sensory reeducation Task-specific sensory training
Passive sensory reeducation
Which of the following is NOT a primary mover of shoulder internal rotation? Latissimus dorsi Subscapularis Posterior deltoid Pectoralis major
Posterior deltoid
A position of the hand that allows finger and thumb contact and facilitates manipulation of objects is referred to as: (Morgan- online pg. 1339) Prehension Grasp Grip Hold
Prehension
Exteroceptive sensation includes all EXCEPT (Lauren G, D&G 183) Touch Pain Temperature awareness Vibration awareness
Vibration awareness
What is the normal range of motion for finger PIP flexion-extension? 0-80 0-100 0-90 0-70 0-60
0-100
Which of the following about statements about dermatomes is FALSE? (Sydney, pg.1051-1052 e-book) A dermatome is an area of the skin that is supplied by a single nerve root. Dermatome testing can assist in determining the level of spinal cord lesion. A dermatome is a group of muscles innervated by a single nerve root. The axillary area is included in the T2 dermatome.
A dermatome is a group of muscles innervated by a single nerve root.
A client comes into the clinic for residual phantom limb pain from a recent transhumeral amputation on the left upper extremity. What sort of interventions could the therapist use to reduce their symptoms? Mirror Therapy TENS Unit Graded Motor Imagery All of the above
All of the above
Clients are candidates for discriminative sensory training if they: Have intact protective sensation with recognition of at least 4.31 on monofilament test Are not able to localize the stimulus but can feel it Have hypersensitivity All of the above
All of the above
George has been wearing a cast on his wrist for 8 weeks and is getting it off a day before coming in for OT with you. What may have occurred while his arm was in the cast? (DG pg 198, Jacquelyn Sy) Nonuse weakness Protective posturing Changes in ROM of wrist Changes in ROM of elbow All of the above
All of the above
When fabricating an orthotic device, you notice your client is having trouble flexing their 4th and 5th digits. This is due to: (P-S/K pg. 732, LR) An orthosis with trim lines that fall proximal to the MP creases An orthosis with trim lines that fall distal to the MP creases Both Neither
An orthosis with trim lines that fall distal to the MP creases
C5 dermatome can be tested at which area of the body? (p. 584, Shelby) Dorsum of the thumb at the distal phalanx Dorsal middle phalanx of the long finger Anterior lateral elbow Anterior medial elbow
Anterior lateral elbow
The absence of stereognosis (blinded object awareness, the ability to discern an object without looking at it) is? (p.185, Hannah) Graphesthesia Astereognosis Graphanesthesia None of the above
Astereognosis
Hollister and Giurintano define ____________ as "a stable line that does not move when the bones of a joint move in relation to each other." (P- S/K pg 739, JSy) Plane of motion Orthotic hinge of motion Axis of motion Torque of motion
Axis of motion
A patient has complete loss of protective sensation, which intervention strategies should be used during treatment? (Roxanna, D&G pg. 187) Desensitization programs Patient and/or caregiver education on avoiding injury Compensatory strategies for absent sensation Both B & C
Both B & C
What are possible interventions an occupational therapist might use to treat subacute edema? Low stretch or short stretch bandaging techniques Chip bags and mild heat AROM, PROM, light isometric exercise, KT tape Both B &C
Both B &C
What are you suppose to direct the patient to respond during the tow point discrimination test? (p. 186, Hannah) "Two" "trace" "I can't tell" Both a and b Both a and c
Both a and c
The occupational therapist must assess ________ before deciding if the client would benefit from wearing an orthosis? (p. 1352) Client's skin tolerance and hypersensitivity Client's height and weight Compliance issues Both a and d are correct
Both a and d are correct
Paul is a 70 year old man with a history of osteoporosis, diabetes, & cardiovascular disease. You are putting together a home exercise program for him to improve muscle strengthening and performance. Based on his medical history, which could be a contraindication for him when performing high-resistance isometric exercise? (p.281) Osteoporosis Diabetes Cardiovascular disease There aren't any. He is fine to participate in high-resistance isometric exercises
Cardiovascular disease
Select all of the elements of the motor unit? (Emma Cochran pg. 930) Cell body Axon Neuromuscular junction Muscle fibers Dendrites
Cell body Axon Neuromuscular junction Muscle fibers
What is the most important factor to consider before choosing an arm-support device? (Steven) Cost Comfort Appearance The client's range of motion Collaborating and finding something that the client will actually use
Collaborating and finding something that the client will actually use
Which of the following techniques should a client with autonomic sensory problems be instructed to use? (p.g. 584, Shelby) Rehabilitative Compensatory Preventive Maintenance
Compensatory
Which of the following are important considerations when determining whether the client is a candidate for orthotics? (Caroline- Pg. 744) Compliance issues Wearing schedule Skin tolerance and hypersensitivity Ability to don and doff orthoses
Compliance issues Wearing schedule Skin tolerance and hypersensitivity Ability to don and doff orthoses
A patient presents for an occupational therapy evaluation following a radial nerve injury. The patient expresses hypersensitivity on the dorsum of the first webspace of the hand. Which of the following should you focus your intervention on first? (Maria D&G 187) Desensitization Passive sensory reeducation Active sensory reeducation Task-specific sensory training
Desensitization
This form of treatment aims to elicit habituation to reduce client hypersensitivity and improve function (JaLeen, pg. 1066 e-book) Cognitive therapy Pressure testing Desensitization Proprioception
Desensitization
A person has a spinal cord injury which results in loss of vibration, touch, and proprioception, however, they are still able to feel pain and temperature. Which area of the spinal cord is the injury most likely affected? (Kaelyn, D&G pg. 180) Corticospinal tract Spinalthalamic tract Dorsal spinal cord area Anterior cord syndrome
Dorsal spinal cord area
Which of the following is an example of a 3rd class lever in the body? (pg. 270-271) Tilting your head back Raising your heel off the ground Flexing your elbow Pronating your hand
Flexing your elbow
Which of the following is NOT an intervention for edema? (pg.276-277) Edema glove Kinesio Tape Hot pack AROM
Hot pack
Impairment of a single spinal cord nerve root will impact sensation on the _______ side of the corresponding area served by that nerve root (Page 180, Shelby). Ipsilateral Anterior Posterior
Ipsilateral
Mrs. Landry is getting home at night and as she is walking up to her front door, her left foot catches slightly on the front step and she begins to fall forward. Mrs. Landry recognizes that she is falling, and catches herself by extending her other foot out further to prevent herself from tripping and falling. What sensory skill did Mrs. Landry have intact and utilize to prevent herself from falling? Quick Reflexes Graphesthesia Kinesthesia Proprioception
Kinesthesia
For a typical diagnosis of one of the many muscular dystrophies the main goal of occupational therapy is (check all that apply). (Valeria P&S-K pdf pg 1708; text p941) Maintain muscle strength Maintain independence as long as possible Increase muscle strength Prevent contractures
Maintain muscle strength Maintain independence as long as possible Prevent contractures
This orthosis is designed to increase limited ROM or to restore or augment function. It may assist a weak muscle or substitute for motion loss due to nerve injury or muscle dysfunction. (pg.742 hard copy) Restrictive orthoses Mobilization orthoses Immobilization orthoses Single Surface orthoses
Mobilization orthoses
How can difficulty be increased in discriminative training (Choose all that apply): (p. 591, Nora) Timing the client Including a wide variety of dissimilar objects Occluding the client's vision Adding the requirement of in-hand manipulation for motor stimulation
Occluding the client's vision Adding the requirement of in-hand manipulation for motor stimulation
Occupational therapy assessments of mobility, strength, and endurance focus on how deficits in these areas impact ____________. (DG, pg 199, LRodriguez) Their ability to walk Their gait pattern Occupational functioning Their ability to squat
Occupational functioning
Martha has a central nervous system injury and Peter has a peripheral nervous system injury. You expect Martha to have deficits in regards to ____1_______ while Peter will experience deficits in ___2_____. (Bailey, pgs 581-582) Proprioception and crude touch Stereognosis and superficial sensation Proprioception and stereognosis Two-point discrimination and moving his lower legs Touch pressure awareness and two-point discrimination Knowing where his feet are in space when walking
Proprioception and stereognosis Touch pressure awareness and two-point discrimination
Choose the correct words to complete the sentence. Compared with the more _____ body parts, the _____ parts have a ____ density of receptors and ____ receptive fields. Proximal, Distal, Higher, Smaller Distal, Proximal, Higher, Smaller Proximal, Distal, Lower, Larger Distal, Proximal, Higher, Larger
Proximal, Distal, Higher, Smaller
The Modified Allen's Test is performed by firm pressure on _____? (pg. 275) Ulnar artery Radial artery Radial and ulnar arteries Wrist
Radial and ulnar arteries
Hand representation in the somatosensory cortex has been found to ____ as a result of peripheral nerve and cortical injuries Organize Reorganize Increase Decrease
Reorganize
Which of the following is not a good way to test for static two-point discrimination: Test only the tip of each finger Begin with a distance of 5 mm between the testing points Apply testing point parallel to the longitudinal axis of the finger Repeat the test 3 times to the same spot
Repeat the test 3 times to the same spot
The Oval-8 ring orthosis, used to treat PIP joint hyperextension, is an example of which orthoses: (P-S/k pg. 742, LR) Restriction Orthoses Immobilization Orthoses Mobilization Orthoses Static Orthosis
Restriction Orthoses
Which of the following occupational therapy assessment tools specifically focus on a patient's minimal threshold? DASH Semmes-Weinstein Monofilament FIM Moberg Pick-Up Test
Semmes-Weinstein Monofilament
Which type of paralytic polio results in flaccid paralysis in legs only (online book pg. 1697) Spinal Bulbar Bulbospinal
Spinal
A(n) ________ is "an orthotic device for immobilization, restraint, or support of any part of the body (Morgan- online pg. 1326) Orthosis Orthotic Splint Cast
Splint
The occupational therapist who is working with Sam can implement all of the following typical consevative interventions except for: Splinting in a neutral or slightly extended position Splinting in a flexed position Education to avoid activities that exacerbate pain. Education to reduce repetitive movements that can inflame the median nerve
Splinting in a flexed position
A therapist is assessing a patient's PROM in their elbow and feels a hard rebound at the end of the motion. What type of end feel is this? (p. 200) Bone-to bone Springy Empty Soft-tissue approximation
Springy
A client with decreased grasp and pinch strength in their dominant hand would have difficulty with which of the following: (DG, pg 261, LRodriguez) Turning long-handled levers Squeezing bottles while showering Pushing a button on an elevator Flipping a toggle light switch
Squeezing bottles while showering
Optional early ______ is critical to maximizing later functional use of the UEs. (p. 1369) Lateral positioning Dynamic positioning Static positioning Medial positioning
Static positioning
T/F Experience plays a major role in reliability of ROM measurements among occupational therapists.
T
T/F Within Functional Limits (WFL) represents capacities that may be less than normal limits, but sufficient for client participation at his own level of satisfaction.
T
Which of the following is not going to help keep your assessments reliable? Use a manila folder to occlude patient's vision for assessments this is necessary for Talk to your patient while they are completing assessments so they feel as though you care Keep the environment the least distracting and noise as low as possible Change up timing on sensory assessments like monofilament so patients do not catch onto a pattern
Talk to your patient while they are completing assessments so they feel as though you care
If you are performing MMT with a patient who has limited motion protocols, but feels that they can go farther, what would be the best course of action to take? (p. 199) Tell them they can keep going, but to stop if they feel pain Tell them to stay within the prescribed limits Tell them to stay within prescribed limits, but add resistance Tell them they can keep going only if measuring PROM
Tell them to stay within the prescribed limits
________ are used to test static and moving two-point discrimination. (p.587, Hannah) The Boley gauge Goniometer Dynamometer Pinch gauge
The Boley gauge
If a client experiences a hard end-feel when the wrist is at 30 degrees of extension AROM, what can the therapist assume? (pg. 200) The client is within normal range for wrist extension, so the end-feel is abnormal. The client is not within normal range for wrist extension, so the end-feel is normal. The client is within normal range for wrist extension so the end-feel is normal. The client is not reaching normal range for wrist extension so the end feel is abnormal.
The client is not reaching normal range for wrist extension so the end feel is abnormal.
Which of the following statements is true regarding dynamic arm supports? (Steven- pg. 1380 in .pdf version) The main priority of the client is finding ways to increase upper extremity ROM at any cost They allow clients with weak upper limbs to engage in meaningful activities Gravity is increased on the proximal UE muscles, but decreased at the distal UE muscles Clients are more concerned with functionality than appearance
They allow clients with weak upper limbs to engage in meaningful activities
When fabricating any orthotic device, care must be taken to avoid applying pressure over sites where the nerves are superficial and prone to compression. These sites include all of the following except: (P-S/K pg 735, JSy) The ulnar nerve at the elbow in the cubital tunnel The ulnar nerve in Guyon's canal at the ulnar border of the wrist The radial nerve at the elbow The ulnar nerve at the thenar eminence
The ulnar nerve at the thenar eminence
Which of the following are disadvantages of materials with a high degree of drape? (Angelina) They only tolerate minimal handling Fingerprints can easily be imprinted into the material They readily conform around a part for a precise fit Care must be taken to prevent overstretching It only takes light, controlled touch or gravity to conform the material
They only tolerate minimal handling Fingerprints can easily be imprinted into the material Care must be taken to prevent overstretching
Palmer Prehension is also known as: (Morgan- online pg. 1340) Tip-to-tip Three-jaw chuck Key pinch Lateral pinch
Three-jaw chuck
What type of assessments are the exteroceptive sensation tests Function Provocative Threshold Outcome Measure
Threshold
All of the following would cause topographical reorganization of the cerebral cortex EXCEPT: (p. 582, Macey) Median nerve injury Amputation Spinal cord injury Wrist sprain
Wrist sprain
Which nerve covers most of the prehensile surface of the hand? (1337) a). Median b). Ulnar c). Radail d). PIN
a). Median
anda: (pgs.198-221) 11. For the completion of most occupational tasks, which of the following is not needed? (198-197) a). Enough strength to move extremities against gravity b). Be able to maintain endurance for an extended period of time c). Good to Fair proprioceptive awareness d). Move with adequate mobility and ROM
c). Good to Fair proprioceptive awareness
During pronation how do the ulnar and radial styloid processes move in relation to one another? (1332) a). The ulnar styloid moves laterally and the radial styloid moves laterally b). The ulnar styloid moves medially and the radial styloid moves medially c). The ulnar styloid moves laterally and the radial styloid moves medially d). The ulnar styloid moves medially and the radial styloid moves laterally
c). The ulnar styloid moves laterally and the radial styloid moves medially
Which of the following are examples of hypersensitivity? Select all that apply (p. 187, Nora) a. Graphesthesia b. Graphanesthesia c. Allodynia d. Hyperesthesia
c. Allodynia d. Hyperesthesia
During your initial evaluation, your patient states that she has been seeing double vision, that she feels fatigue and weakness in her muscles, and that she often has trouble chewing, swallowing, and speaking. You notice that her eyelids are drooping. Which condition does she most likely have? (Amy Mori pg 939) a. Spinal bifida b. Bell's Palsy c. Myasthenia Gravis d. Guillen-Barre Syndrome
c. Myasthenia Gravis
Your client is 13 and was recently diagnosed with Becker muscular dystrophy. Using your knowledge surrounding the progression of this disease, your primary goal as an occupational therapist is to help him ______ maximal independence. (pdf pg. 1707; text p940) restore modify maintain promote
maintain
Muscular dystrophy is a(n) _______ degeneration of muscle fibers and is a(n)_______ disorder. (pdf pg. 1707; text p940) progressive, hereditary progressive, autoimmune acute, hereditary acute, autoimmune
progressive, hereditary
A common clinical presentation of an ulnar nerve lesion is __________ (Lacey Walker) "Ape hand"; thenar atrophy Wrist drop, extensor paralysis and the inability to supinate "Claw hand"; intrinsic minus hand deformity, interosseous atrophy, loss of thumb adduction Carpal tunnel syndrome
"Claw hand"; intrinsic minus hand deformity, interosseous atrophy, loss of thumb adduction
What is the normal range of motion for shoulder extension? 0-180 0-90 0-60 0-80 0-40
0-60
When completely severed, pain fibers in a peripheral nerve can regenerate at a rate of: (Sydney, pg 181) .05 mm per day .3 mm per day 1 mm per day 1.5 mm per day
1 mm per day
A patient comes into the clinic presenting pain when the therapist lightly touches her hand during the evaluation. What does this best exemplify? Sensitivity Perception Hyperesthesia Allodynia
Allodynia
which of the following is why desensitization interventions are used with patients? Proprioception deficits Loss of touch sensation Allodynia and hyperesthesia Loss of stereognosis awareness
Allodynia and hyperesthesia
Megan has been experiencing a lot of pain lately when she puts on her clothes, she even has trouble doing other daily activities like brushing her teeth, it just hurts too much to hold even soft objects. What is she experiencing at the moment and what is the best way to confirm her current symptoms? Decrease sensitivity: use paper clip to assess sharp/dull sensation Complete loss of sensation: temperature check with extreme temperatures An allergic reaction: 2-point-discrimination Allodynia: assess upper extremity using a cotton ball or q-tip
Allodynia: assess upper extremity using a cotton ball or q-tip
Which of the following factors contribute to muscle strength and endurance? (pg. 274) Size of muscle fiber Type of muscle fiber Length-tension relationship A & B All of the above
All of the above
Which orthotic(s) could an occupational therapist be responsible for designing and fabricating? (P- S/K pg 730, AZ) Hand Upper Extremity Lower Extremity Back/Spine All of the above
All of the above
Gullian Barre syndrome is characterized by which of the following (online book-pg.1694) Descending asymmetric weakness of bilateral extremities Descending symmetric weakness of bilateral extremities Ascending asymmetric weakness of a unilateral extremity Ascending symmetric weakness of bilateral extremities
Ascending symmetric weakness of bilateral extremities
To screen for stereognosis, the therapist could (Lauren G, D&G 185) Strike two tuning forks and ask the client whether they can feel a difference between the two fingertips where the therapist has placed them Draw a letter on the client's palm with an eraser and ask the client to identify it Hold the client's arm in various positions and ask the client to mirror the position with their opposite arm Ask the client to manipulate various objects in their hand and name them With the client's eyes closed, touch a pencil eraser to various spots on the client's arm and then ask the client to point to where the pencil was
Ask the client to manipulate various objects in their hand and name them
An Intervention an occupational therapist might implement in a PPS patient would be (Lacey Walker) : Ambulation devices and gait re-education Teaching a client how to pace daily activities Daily journal to document occupations that exert more energy Pain management B,C, D
B,C, D
__________ is sensation controlled primarily by the brain and spinal cord, such as stereognosis. (Haleigh) Haptic Perception Peripheral Sensation Exteroceptive Sensation Centrally Mediated Sensation
Centrally Mediated Sensation
A loss of proprioception and stereognosis are examples of ________, involving brain and spinal cord processes? (p. 177, Macey) Peripheral sensation Centrally mediated sensation Haptic perception Desensitization
Centrally mediated sensation
Which of the following would NOT be an efficient assessment tool for a client in the recovery phase of Guillain-Barre Syndrome? Celest P&S-K Pg. 1693 Occupational profile Cognitive performance test Manual Muscle Testing Two point discrimination test
Cognitive performance test
What is the correct order of the orthotics fabrication process? (p. 1352-1363) Choose orthosis design for a given purpose, choose type of traction, choose material, create a pattern, fabrication Create a pattern, choose material, choose type of traction, choose orthosis design for a given purpose, fabrication Choose orthosis design for a given purpose, choose material, choose type of traction, create a pattern, fabrication Create a pattern, choose type of traction, choose orthosis design for a given purpose, choose material, fabrication
Create a pattern, choose material, choose type of traction, choose orthosis design for a given purpose, fabrication
The orthosis fabrication process is as follows: (pg. 744-751) Positioning, Cutting, Molding, Fabrication Choosing type of traction, creating a pattern, choosing appropriate material, fabrication Creating a pattern, choosing appropriate material, choosing type of traction, choosing orthosis design, fabrication
Creating a pattern, choosing appropriate material, choosing type of traction, choosing orthosis design, fabrication
Nociceptors would most likely react in which of the following scenarios? (Anokhi, D&G pg. 179) Checking the temperature of a bath water Tasting food during meal preparation Getting bitten by a pet Putting on a soft sweater
Getting bitten by a pet
Phase 2 of sensory re-education relies on which combination of alternative senses to retrain sensation and improve tactical discrimination?(JaLeen, pg 188-189) Vision and smell Hearing and vision Smell and hearing Hearing and touch
Hearing and vision
The thumb is involved in all of the following types of grasps except: (P- S/K pg 736, JSy) Hook Cylindrical Spherical Intrinsic plus
Hook
Which type of grasp is the only one that does not include use of the thumb? (p. 1341) Spherical grasp Cylindrical grasp Hook grasp Intrinsic plus grasp
Hook grasp
Light and deep touch are used to appreciate the weight and pressure of a box. People use touch for awareness, with other senses to gauge the amount of force needed to pick up a box. This is an example of: (p.183, Hannah) How light/deep touch support occupational performance How light/deep touch support occupational skill How light/deep touch support participation How light/deep touch support engagement
How light/deep touch support occupational performance
Which of the following disturbances of somatosensation refers to an increased pain and may occur during nerve regeneration? (p. 583, Macey) Paresthesia Hyperalgesia Dysesthesia Allodynia
Hyperalgesia
A patient with a transhumeral amputation exresses hightenes sensitivity to touch of the residual limb. This patient is experiencing ____ (Maria D&G 187) Dysesthesia Hyperesthesia Allodinia Hyperalgesia
Hyperesthesia
Bertha has been recently diagnosed with post-polio syndrome. In addition to addressing the client's physical strength, fatigue, pain, and meaningful occupations, what is another major aspect of Bertha's needs that should be considered during intervention? (Jane P&S-K pdf pg 1699) Identifying and addressing any psychosocial reactions Making sure she takes her medications Helping her return to work as quickly as possible Allowing time for friends and family to visit her
Identifying and addressing any psychosocial reactions
Lori keeps burning her finger tips while cooking. Her husband is really concerned because she did not notice until he brought it to her attention that she has blisters on her finger tips. Which of the following nerves is damaged and causing the loss of temperature sensation in Lori's finger tips? Radial Ulnar Median Musculocutaneous Axillary
Median
A patient has been diagnosed with carpal tunnel syndrome and you have been tasked with creating a splint for them to wear at night. What nerve is affected by carpal tunnel syndrome and what is the ideal position for the wrist to be splinted in? (Kaelyn, D&G pg. 180) Median nerve; 15 degrees wrist flexion Ulnar nerve; 30 degrees wrist flexion Median nerve; 15 degrees wrist extension Ulnar nerve; 30 degrees wrist extension
Median nerve; 15 degrees wrist extension
Lesions to the posterior thalamus can result in all of the following EXCEPT: (Bailey, pg 179) Body awareness deficits, "pusher" syndrome Impaired pain sensation Memory acquisition Impaired cold sensation
Memory acquisition
Quantitative sensory testing includes a group of sensory tests that examine (choose all that apply): (Page 182, Shelby) Minimal threshold Perception Hot and cold discrimination Integration of sensory stimulus
Minimal threshold Perception Integration of sensory stimulus
Which of the following is NOT an example of task-specific sensory training? Folding a small load of laundry that has different textures of clothing Removing items from the refrigerator with different tactile qualities Mirror Visual Feedback therapy with TENS unit Identifying different tactile quality objects in their desk drawers and organizing them based on use and property.
Mirror Visual Feedback therapy with TENS unit
If a client cannot discriminate between hot and cold temperatures, what potential safety issues may occur during ADL performance? (Kiani, D&G pg 184) Walking down stairs Holding a pot full of water Transferring out of the tub Monitoring shower water temperature
Monitoring shower water temperature
Sensation, a body function, primarily affects which of the following performance skills? (p. 581, Macey) Social and motor skills Process and social skills Motor and process skills Motor, process, and social skills
Motor and process skills
You are seeing a patient who suffered from a CVA in the rehabilitation center, what efforts will you as the therapist focus on first following a stroke? Sensory Motor deficits Tactile stimulation Temperature pain
Motor deficits
Anterior cord syndrome will result in variable loss of the following : Motor function, pain and temperature sensation but intact touch, vibration and proprioception Pain and temperature sensation but intact touch, vibration and proprioception Intact pain, temperature and touch but loss of vibration and proprioception Touch, vibration, proprioception, with intact pain and temperature
Motor function, pain and temperature sensation but intact touch, vibration and proprioception
Force is a component of _______, in which its the force acting on an object, while _______ is the resulting deformation from it. (p. 272) Stress;Strain Strain; Strain Stress; Force Torgue; Strain
Stress;Strain
Subacute lymphedema requires techniques that utilize the lymphatic system because _______? (pg. 276) Subacute lymphedema has increased mobile fluid. Subacute lymphedema contains more protein. Subacute lymphedema is leather-like. A & B None of the above.
Subacute lymphedema contains more protein.
Immobilization orthoses help to do all EXCEPT: (p. 1349) Reduce inflammation or pain Facilitate proper healing after surgery Substitute for motion lost because of nerve injury Prevent injury
Substitute for motion lost because of nerve injury
Your client has dislocated his shoulder very recently and now has an axillary nerve injury. He states he is experiencing weakness in his left deltoid muscle. What is the best way to assess ROM without causing further harm to his arm and shoulder? (Jane P&S-K pdf pgs 1700-1701) Close supervision for client's AROM against gravity position Support client's arm for PROM gravity eliminated position Do not perform any ROM, active or passive Move the patient to maximum PROM to facilitate stretching
Support client's arm for PROM gravity eliminated position
If a client is prepared to engage in occupational performance, which dynamic arm support would be the LEAST beneficial? (P-S/K pg 756, LR) Mobile Arm Supports Freestanding Dynamic Arm Supports Suspension Arm Devices Dynamic Arm Supports for the Ambulatory Client
Suspension Arm Devices
Your client reports having difficulty sensing his phone when it is on vibration mode and you suspect he may have an impairment in vibration awareness. Which of the following tools would be most applicable to assess your client's concern? (Christina, pg. 185) A blunt object such as an eraser on a pencil Glass test tubes filled with hot and cold water An object with a sharp and dull side Two tuning forks
Two tuning forks
When performing ROM measurements, which of the following is true? (221) a). There is higher intrarater reliability and AROM measurements are more reliable b). There is higher interrater reliability and PROM measurements are more reliable c).There is higher intrarater reliability and PROM measurements are more reliable d). There is higher interrater reliability and AROM measurements are more reliable
a). There is higher intrarater reliability and AROM measurements are more reliable
When performing isometric exercises, the client should hold each contraction for ___ seconds and no longer than ___ seconds. a. 6, 10 b. 6, 12 c. 10, 10 d. 10, 12
a. 6, 10
What are the two symptoms most commonly reported from patients with Post-Polio Syndrome? (Amy Mori pg 935) a. Fatigue, pain b. Fatigue, nausea c. Ptosis, pain d. Slurred speech, weakness
a. Fatigue, pain
Which of the following is considered a normal scoring for a static two-point discrimination test? (Christina, pg.1060 e-book) a) 6 to 10mm b) 1 to 5mm c) 11 to 15mm d)No detection made
b) 1 to 5mm
Individuals with Alzheimer's disease typically begin to show a reduction in stereognosis. Without stereognosis, it can be expected they would have the most difficulty with which of the following tasks? (Christina, pg.1063 e-book) a) Completing upper extremity passive range of motion exercises b) Picking out a specific object such as a coin or a key from one's pocket c) Completing ADLs including eating and sleeping d) Following an intervention plan that utilizes energy conservation techniques
b) Picking out a specific object such as a coin or a key from one's pocket
The scoring for the Moberg test is based on which of the following measures: (Christina, pg.1064 e-book) a) the client's ability to distinguish between hot and cold b) the time it takes for the client to place various items in a box and then to identify them c) the client's response to the application of different monofilaments d) the basal and ceiling score established based on the client's performance with various tasks within the assessment
b) the time it takes for the client to place various items in a box and then to identify them
A MMT test is usually appropriate following an upper neuron insult because occupational therapists should conduct baseline testing for strength, regardless of changes in tone. (198) a). True b). False
b). False
While recording PROM on a client's elbow, you are able to extend the elbow fully, however, when you let go of the client's fully extended elbow, it suddenly recoils about 20-30 degrees into flexion. The client says they did not move their arm voluntarily, however it was painful. You decide it's best not to try to repeat the maneuver, but observe inflammation around the joint. How do you record the end feel? (200) a). Capsular b). Spasm c). Springy d). Hard
b). Spasm
What is the primary goal(s) of treatment for patients with diminished or absent protective sensation? (p. 187, Nora) a. Teach patient how to compensate for absent sensation b. Educate patient to avoid injury c. Help patient regain sensation d. All of the above
b. Educate patient to avoid injury
A therapist uses a pencil eraser and applies them to the patient's skin with the patient's vision occluded. The therapist then asks if the patient can remember the stimulus location and instructs them to point to the spot they were just touched. What is the therapist testing for? Two-point discrimination Graphesthesia Proprioceptive sensation Touch localization
Touch localization
The carpal bones contribute substantially to the conformability of the hand. Which of the following carpal bones articulates with the thumb? (Morgan- online pg. 1330) Scaphoid Hamate Trapezoid Trapezium
Trapezium
(True/False) When performing cortical sensory functioning, such as stereognosis, the therapist should have the patient close their eyes during testing.
True
(True/False)For the comfort and convenience of the client, all testing in one position is done before the client changes to another position.
True
According to the American Society of Hand Therapists in 2012, the terms splint and orthosis can no longer be used interchangeably. (Pg. 741 - hard copy) True False
True
T or F Cognition and sensation remain intact for clients with paralytic polio (online book pg. 1697) True False
True
T or F short or stiff muscle tendon unit limit AROM during occupational performance, when is crosses multiple joints (p.280) True False
True
T/F a common mistake when creating a pattern for orthosis fabrication is not taking into account the position in which the hand will ultimately be held in the finished orthotic. (p. 1353)
True
T/F: Sensory receptors are responsive to varying types of incoming stimuli? True False
True
The change in length of the object divided by the original length calculates strain. (pg.272) True False
True
The motor unit is the basic functional unit of the peripheral nervous system (online book- pg. 1691) True False
True
True or False: Phantom limb pain, pain reported in the amputated limb area or the feeling of the amputated limb's presence, occurs in approximately 55-80% of amputees.
True
True or false: Exteroceptive sensation and superficial sensation are interchangeable terms. (p. 183, Hannah) True False
True
True/False: Recovery from a peripheral nerve injury involves somatosensory reorganization and peripheral reinnervation
True
When fitting a forearm-based orthosis, it should extend approximately two thirds of the length of the forearm, as measured from the wrist proximally. (pg. 746) True False
True
True./False. Perceptual impairments and somatosensory impairments can impact a person's rehabilitation participation by contributing to poor motor control.
True.
T/F: Sensory screening can be used to test peripheral nerves as well as central nerves (p. 584) Shelby True False
true
Fabrication of an orthosis is which step in the orthosis fabrication process? (P-S/K pg. 751, LR) 2 5 4 1
5
When using the two-point discrimination test, the client must respond accurately to ____ applications. (p. 587, Hannah) 2-5 7-9 7-10 4-8
7-10
Which muscle(s) of the hand, including motor and sensory function, does the radial nerve supply? (P-S/K pg. 735, AZ) Extensor muscles Supinator muscle Flexor muscles Pronator muscles A & B C & D
A & B
Your client with muscular dystrophy was recently prescribed a powered wheelchair. A special seating system is implemented to minimize the development of which of the following? (pdf pg. 1708; text p941) Scoliosis Contractures Atrophy A & B All of the above
A & B
Disorders of the motor unit that have a neurogenic basis are referred to as lower motor neuron disorders. This is because these disorders affect what parts of the motor unit? (Emma Cochran pg. 930) The cell body The peripheral nerves The myelin sheath A and B A, B and C
A and B
Sensory reeducation is commonly used to address peripheral nerve and cortical injuries. There are two phases involved in sensory reeducation. In the first phase the focus is on maintaining cortical representation. How is this achieved? (select all that apply) Through task-specific sensory training (e.g. removing items of different tactile qualities from fridge) By making the brain believe no sensory changes have occured (e.g. Mirror visual feedback therapy) Identifying objects through touch (e.g. feeling for objects in rice) None of the above - All are apart of Phase 2
By making the brain believe no sensory changes have occured (e.g. Mirror visual feedback therapy)
Match: Duchenne Becker Fascioscapulohumeral Myotonic Limb Girdle A: Weakness starts in pelvic and shoulder girdles. Slow progression. B: Weakness starts proximal, moves distally. Slow progression with milder symptoms. C: Weakness involves cranial muscle and starts in distal limbs, moves proximally. Includes muscle spasms or delayed muscle relaxation D: Weakness starts proximal, moves distally; starts in lower extremities, then moves upward to trunk and shoulder girdle E: Affects primarily muscles of the face and shoulder girdle. Slow progression.
Duchenne: d. Becker: b. Fascioscapulohumeral: e. Myotonic: c. Limb Girdle: a.
When do patients with Myasthenia Gravis feel the most or maximal weakness? (Amy Mori pg 940) a. 2 years after diagnosis b. 6 months after diagnosis c. During the 1st year after diagnosis d. During the 1st month after diagnosis
During the 1st year after diagnosis
If a traction mechanism moves or is resilient, the orthosis is called a ______ orthosis. If the traction mechanism does not move, it is called a _______ orthosis. (Angelina) Dynamic; Static Dynamic; Stationary Progressive; Static Static; Dynamic Adjustable; Stationary
Dynamic; Static
Muscle endurance can be measured: (p.260) Dynamically and statically Horizontally and vertically Strength and weakness
Dynamically and statically
Guillain-Barre Syndrome and Post-Polio Syndrome are classified as... Celest P&S-K Pg. 1691 Myopathic disorders Neuromuscular disorders Progressive neurodegenerative disorders Neurogenic disorders
Neurogenic disorders
Dorsal spinal cord area injury results in loss of the following : Vibration and proprioception but touch, pain, and temperature remain mostly intact Pain and temperature but touch, vibration and proprioception remain mostly intact Touch, vibration, and proprioception but pain and temperature remain mostly intact Touch, pain, and temperature but vibration and proprioception remain mostly intact
Touch, vibration, and proprioception but pain and temperature remain mostly intact
In which scenario would impairment of C fibers be dangerous to a person? (p. 178, Macey) Touching a hot pan Walking downstairs Holding a heavy textbook Lifting dumbbells
Touching a hot pan
Which of the following statements regarding localization of touch is TRUE? (Christina, pg.1064 e-book) a) It is important for the client to keep their eyes closed the entire time when identifying the location of the stimulus b) Older adults with diabetes should never be tested given the correlation between neuropathy and the disease itself c) It is only useful when combined with other assessments d)It is important to test after nerve repair because it helps determine the client's baseline and projected functional prognosis
d)It is important to test after nerve repair because it helps determine the client's baseline and projected functional prognosis
What are occupation-based ways to improve muscle performance? a. Throwing or hitting a ball b. Stacking boxes of various weights c. Shoveling gravel d. All of the above
d. All of the above
What can cause injury to the long thoracic nerve? (Amy Mori pg 938) a. Carrying heavy weights on the shoulder b. Wounds c. Lateral compression d. All of the above
d. All of the above
An OT notices a few burn marks and scrapes on the hand of a patient that has recently experienced a stroke. The patient describes acquiring injuries because she was unaware of the position of her hand while cooking and maneuvering her wheelchair. What type of sensation best describes what the patient is experiencing difficulty with? (Anokhi, D&G pg.179) Peripheral sensation Centrally- mediated sensation Pressure awareness Haptic perception
Centrally- mediated sensation
Why do we teach clients to lift heavy objects closer to their body? (Cadi Fortes, D&G p270) It reduces the external force of the object, which in turn reduces the external torque It reduces the external moment arm between the object and the joint involved, which in turn reduces the external torque It increases the internal force of their muscles, which in turn increases the internal torque We don't teach clients to lift heavy objects closer to their body, we tell them to use adaptive devices/environmental adaptations to avoid lifting heavy objects.
It reduces the external moment arm between the object and the joint involved, which in turn reduces the external torque
After an injury, the brain goes through a period of reorganization as it tries to regain sensation through ____________ (Bailey, pg 582) Shrinkage Neuropathy Sensory reduction Neuroplasticity
Neuroplasticity
You are working in a SNF with your client Jill, a 50 year old woman with Myasthenia Gravis who had a thymectomy recently. Jill loves to drink coffee every morning with her breakfast. After assessing her swallowing and eating abilities, you notice Jill often experiences dysphagia while drinking her coffee. What would be BEST to implement to decrease Jill's dysphagia? (online book p.1705) Recommend thickening agents be added to her liquids Find her a MG support group Recommend she is only given liquids or pureed food Implement energy conservation plan that will help Jill pace herself when eating and drinking
Recommend thickening agents be added to her liquids
Which of the following is NOT a factor known to affect the outcome of MMT? (p. 250-251) Posture Client's ability to understand directions Fatigue All of the above
All of the above
Loss of sensation of the median nerve, as seen in carpal tunnel syndrome, results in which of the following difficulties? Select all that apply. (Bailey, pg 581) Ability to pick up small objects one at a time using the tip pinching technique Ability to hold a pen to write a note Ability to test if something is hot or cold by touching it with the back of their hand Ability to turn the key in a locked door to enter the house
Ability to pick up small objects one at a time using the tip pinching technique Ability to hold a pen to write a note Ability to turn the key in a locked door to enter the house
Myasthenia gravis is characterized by weak and easily fatigued voluntary muscles. The destruction of which of the following receptors causes this? (pg. 1704) Acetylcholine receptors Muscle spindle receptors Mechanoreceptors Proprioceptors
Acetylcholine receptors
If the joint is free to move to end range, the problem is with _______. If the end range cannot be attained when the therapist moves the limb, the problem is with _______. (DG pg. 199, AZ) Passive motion, active motion Active motion, active motion Active motion, passive motion Active motion, active assisted motion
Active motion, passive motion
When testing muscle endurance, what is a helpful device to use when it is not feasible to perform the actual work task, or if the client needs to work on a specific component of the work task? (DG, pg 260, LRodriguez) Jamar Dynamometer Goniometer Baltimore Therapeutic Equipment (BTE) work simulator Perometer
Baltimore Therapeutic Equipment (BTE) work simulator
Which of the following is TRUE regarding endurance measurements? (Pg. 259) The two components of endurance refer to the circulatory and respiratory systems working together to supply oxygen Because endurance is essential for ADL and IADL tasks, occupational therapists refer to it as activity tolerance Therapists always evaluate both aspects of endurance when treating clients When assessing the endurance of patients in cardiac rehabilitation programs, the Borg scale of perceived exertion can provide an objective measure of endurance
Because endurance is essential for ADL and IADL tasks, occupational therapists refer to it as activity tolerance
A patient reports loss of sensation on the dorsal side of their thumb. Which dermatome is responsible for this area? (Kaelyn, D&G pg. 181) C5 C6 C7 C8
C6
A patient complains of issues in his wrist, hand, and fingers, and has been diagnosed by an OT for carpal tunnel syndrome. To test sensation, which dermatomes should be tested to further back his/her data? L5-S1 C4-C5 C6-C8 C5-C7
C6-C8
A patient complains with a recent inability to extend their wrist back to neutral, or bring their palm up to face them as well as feeling the sensation of pins and needles in her hand and forearm. Where is this nerve lesion occurring? (Lacey Walker) C6-C8 & T1, Radial C5-C6, Dorsal scapular C8-T1, Ulnar C5-C6, Axillary
C6-C8 & T1, Radial
________ are underlying causes that can affect motor function (pg. 199) Capsular tightness around the joint Tightness of the muscle-tendon unit Scar tissue Edema
Capsular tightness around the joint Tightness of the muscle-tendon unit Scar tissue Edema
Multiple Answer: Which type of sensations are felt by free nerve endings? (Haleigh) Pain (Pinprick) Pain (Chronic) Constant Touch or Pressure Temperature
Pain (Pinprick) Pain (Chronic) Temperature
T/F Mechanoreceptors respond to chemical releases that occur when cells are damaged or during normal cellular processes, such as when tongue taste buds respond to ingested foods and liquids.
False
T/F: Injuries of the dorsal spinal cord area result in loss of pain and temperature, but touch, vibration, and proprioception remain intact. (Page 180, Shelby) True False
False
T/F: Proprioceptive sensation tests the clients awareness of their joints moving through space without visual input. True False
False
True or False- Verbal instruction is sufficient when giving the client a new at home training program, if they express clear understanding. (284) True False
False
True/False: Task-specific sensory training should not occur concurrently with motor learning.
False
Are doors that have the handles in the center (such as Bilbo's hobbit-hole) easier or harder to open than typical doors that have handles at the edge, and why? (Cadi Fortes, D&G p270-271) Easier: A center-handled door increases the moment arm between the hinges and the handle, so you need less force to open the door Easier: A center-handled door is a third-class lever, which is easier to open than a typical door, which is a second-class lever Harder: A center-handled door decreases the moment arm between the hinges and the handle, which means you need to apply more force in order to open the door Harder: A center-handled door is a first-class lever, which is harder to open than a typical door, which is a second-class lever
Harder: A center-handled door decreases the moment arm between the hinges and the handle, which means you need to apply more force in order to open the door
Susan's therapy session includes time for discriminative sensory reeducation. Today her OT has her working on graded discrimination. Which of the following is NOT a way that difficulty can be changed for her task? (JaLeen, pg.1067-1069 e-book) Identifying how two different fabric textures are either the same or different Identifying the color or pattern differences/similarities of the objects being used Identifying what the objects/materials being used are Identifying if the two objects or textures are the same thing or different items
Identifying the color or pattern differences/similarities of the objects being used
Kenneth sustained a stroke at the age of 84. He is able to move his upper extremities, but he can not feel his upper extremities. Which of the following would be the most important assessment to begin with? Monofilament Hot/cold Tinel's sign Moberg pick-up test
Monofilament
What type of muscular dystrophy causes delayed muscle relaxation after contraction? (pdf pg. 1707; text p941) Duchenne Becker Facioscapulohumeral Myotonic
Myotonic
Occupational therapy intervention for a brachial plexus nerve injury looks like (Lacey Walker) : Joint protection, EMG biofeedback, graded activities, joint protection PROM SHoulder stabilized to limit scapular motion, edema education & management PROM, tactile stimulation, bilateral integration, pool therapy, electrical stimulation slings, splints & retrograde massage None of the above
PROM, tactile stimulation, bilateral integration, pool therapy, electrical stimulation slings, splints & retrograde massage
How should the OT address exercise in clients with muscular dystrophy? (Cadi Fortes, P&S-K Pg. 941) OTs should always encourage active exercise to maintain strength; the client may express fatigue, but incorporating exercise into meaningful age-related activities can reduce this fatigue. OTs should avoid any active exercise, as it could lead to overexertion and fatigue which would exacerbate their cardiac complications. OTs should only encourage active exercise if the client deems it meaningful for their occupations. OTs may use active exercise judiciously, striking a balance between maintaining strength while avoiding overexertion and fatigue.
OTs may use active exercise judiciously, striking a balance between maintaining strength while avoiding overexertion and fatigue.
Mr. Larry has carpal tunnel syndrome. When the occupational therapist tapped the volar aspect of his wrist, he felt a tingling, electrical, and prickling sensation in his thumb, index finger, middle finger and the radial side of his ring finger. This sensation is called ________ and in this case the tapping test is referred to as ________ . Hypersensitivity; neuropathy Dysesthesia; sensory dysfunction Paresthesia, Tinel's sign None of the above
Paresthesia, Tinel's sign
During mirror therapy the patient must place limbs as follows : Affected limb in front of the mirror Affected limb hidden out of view Both limbs must be seen seen in front of the mirror Both limbs must be hidden
Affected limb hidden out of view
Brachioradialis and brachialis are examples of ___________ muscles when testing the biceps brachii for elbow flexion. (DG, pg 227, LRodriguez) Synergist Catalyst Antagonist Resistance
Synergist
Max who is 67 years old had a spinal cord injury. He has relied solely on his bilateral upper extremities for his occupations because he has functioned independently from a wheelchair level since the injury. In the course of his extensive arm use, he has developed severe bilateral carpal tunnel syndrome. What is the most accurate based on Max's condition? Max may lack sensation in his first three digits Max's therapist should for a power wheelchairadvocate Max should do severe arm/wrist strengthening to improve his UE function Max has a ulnar nerve injury that can't be repaired
Max may lack sensation in his first three digits
_____________ are activated with mechanical movement, such as when hair cells in the inner ear bend in response to sound waves. Chemoreceptors Mechanoreceptors Nociceptors Sensory receptors
Mechanoreceptors
Karen was in a car accident two weeks ago and suffered a brachial plexus injury. She is reporting that she still has no sensation in the affected upper limb. What should the OT's initial intervention focus on? (JaLeen, pg 187) Sensory reeducation Desensitization Graded Discrimination Safety education
Safety education
In which plane of movement does shoulder flexion occur? (pg. 201) Sagittal Coronal Frontal Transverse
Sagittal
Which of the following is NOT a suggested intervention for phantom limb pain? (D&G Pg. 180; Addie). Scar massage Mirror therapy TENS Graded motor imagery
Scar massage
During a session Hannah's therapist asks her to close her eyes and distinguish between a nickel and a quarter in a bag. The main importance of this is to: Find out if Hannah can follow two step directions given by the therapist Assess if Hannah has a pain or temperature deficit in her finger tips Monitor the type of grasp Hannah has See if Hannah posesses normal two-point discrimination of stimuli close together
See if Hannah posesses normal two-point discrimination of stimuli close together
MATCH: 1. Constant touch or pressure 2. Temperature 3. Moving touch or vibration 4. Pain (chronic) 5. Proprioception and kinesthesia 6. Pain (pin prick) A: Ascend in dorsal column and medial lemniscus of the spinal cord in posterior pyramidal tract, cross to opposite side in medulla plus spinocerebellar tract B: Immediately cross to opposite side and pass upward in anterior spinothalamic tracts of spinal cord C: Ascend in dorsal column and medial lemniscus of the spinal cord in posterior pyramidal tract, cross to opposite side in medulla
1C 2B 3C 4B 5A 6B
If a body part moved through full ROM in a gravity-eliminated plane, took minimal resistance, and then broke, what grade would you assign? 1 3+ 3- 2+ 2
2+
If a body part moved through full ROM against gravity and took minimal resistance before it broke, what grade would you assign? 4 3+ 3- 2+ 2
3+
Sensory recovery after spinal cord injury typically occurs in the first year, especially in the first ___ to ____ months for those with incomplete injuries. (Page 180, Shelby) 3, 6 2, 4 1, 2 6, 8
3, 6
Regarding pain, which of the following statements is FALSE? (Sydney, pg.1057 e-book) Pain is a protective mechanism that alerts the body of any actual or potential cellular damage. When testing for pain, it is important to first test the region on the uninvolved side of the body to assess how much pressure should be applied to elicit a pain response. A pain that someone experiences is subjective, but not multidimensional. Dysesthesia is an unpleasant sensation that can either be spontaneous or be a reaction to a stimulus. All of the above are true.
A pain that someone experiences is subjective, but not multidimensional.
Lymphedema is (pg.298) A result of edema that was exacerbated A result of the lymphatic system that is not functioning properly A result of an allergic reaction A result of not drinking enough water
A result of the lymphatic system that is not functioning properly
Which of the following strategies are compensation strategies that patients can use when they have diminished or absent protective sensation? Select all that apply (p. 187, Nora) a. Use vision to compensate for lack of sensation b. Learn to use the sensate hand for tasks that require temperature or pain detections c. Completely avoid taskings that could cause injury d. Check the insensate body part for abrasions, cuts or burn
A,B,D
According to the CDC, what criteria must be considered when diagnosing post-polio syndrome? (Lacey Walker) Previous paralysis due to poliomyelitis a period of partial or complete functional recovery Sensory loss, and pins & needles progressive and persistent new muscle weakness A,B,D,F decreased endurance, and difficulty with breathing & swallowing All the above
A,B,D,F
Which of the following muscles does the ulnar nerve supply? (Morgan- online pg. 1337) Adductor pollicis Palmaris Brevis Opponens pollicis Abductor digiti minimi
Adductor pollicis Palmaris Brevis Abductor digiti minimi
While they can be very helpful, a therapist must be aware of the problems that wearing orthotics can cause. Some of these include: (pg. 1339) Limiting motion at uninvolved joints Reduce sensory feedback Transfer stresses to proximal and/or distal free joints All of the Above
All of the Above
Peripheral Sensation includes: (Haleigh) Touch and pressure awareness Temperature Pain Two-point discrimination All of the above
All of the above
The motor unit consists of what elements? (online book- pg. 1691) The cell body The axon of the motor neuron The neuromuscular junction The muscle fibers innervated by the neuron All of the above
All of the above
What PROM range is necessary for use of a Mobile Arm Support device? (Steven- pg. 1374 in .pdf version) 0-90 degrees of shoulder flexion 0-70 degrees of shoulder internal rotation 0-150 degrees of elbow flexion All of the above
All of the above
When an occupational therapist is documenting sensory assessment results, it is important to include (Kaelyn, D&G pg. 182) Test type Skin area tested Screening score response All of the above
All of the above
When selecting an intervention strategy for a client with sensory impairment, selection is based on which of the following? (Roxanna, D&G pg. 187) Evaluation findings Prognosis Diagnosis All of the above
All of the above
Which of the following are ways occupational therapists can assess a client's endurance and endurance required to complete tasks? (DG, pg 259, AZoeller) Assess the client's environment in which they perform tasks Ascertain the individual's perception of how hard they are working Talk test All of the above
All of the above
Which of the following assessments could be used to establish goals and intervention outcomes for a patient with a motor unit disorder? (pg 1693) Range of Motion Manual Muscle Testing Canadian Occupational Performance Measure Occupational Profile All of the above
All of the above
All of the following are common procedures to optimize sensory testing reliability except (Page 182, Shelby): Choosing an environment with minimal distractions Applying stimuli at even intervals or inserting times when no stimulus is given Occluding the patient's vision Avoiding giving advertent cues, such as auditory, visual, or facial cues
Applying stimuli at even intervals or inserting times when no stimulus is given
Circumferential orthoses differ from single-surface orthoses in that circumferential orthoses: (P-S/K pg. 744, LR) Are used for someone with weak muscles Are used following a CVA Are used for protecting soft tissue Are used when the client has little or no active motion
Are used for protecting soft tissue
Which description best describes the Modified Allen test? (pg 275) An assessment used to determine if the client has vascular status damage Firm pressure is placed over the clients radial and ulnar arteries just proximal to the volar wrist creases, the client is asked to flex their digits into a fist and extend them several times until the volar hand is pale, the pressure is then released from one of the two arteries and the time it takes for blood to flow to return is recorded. An assessment used to determine a peripheral nerve impairment in the forearm and hand Both A and B
Both A and B
When using graded discrimination the therapist should do the following : Use various textures and grade up such as moving from softer fabric to rougher fabric Start with rough textures and then move to less abrasive materials Instruct client to rub five different textures along the numb or hypersensitive area for two minutes Both A. and C.
Both A. and C.
Resistance applied at the end of the tested range is termed a ______________. Resistance applied throughout the range is termed a ____________. Break test; static test Make test; break test Break test; isometric test Break test; make test Isotonic test; isometric test
Break test; make test
Peripheral neuropathies involve lesions of the upper motor neuron and are located in the anterior horn cells of the spinal cord. (online book-pg. 1693) True False
False
When treating a peripheral nerve injury, the therapist should always prioritize: (Sydney, pg 180-181) The patient obtaining 100% sensory and motor recovery The cause of injury The rate at which the patient is regenerating nervous tissue. Delineation of protective sensation to prevent any further injury and ensure patient safety.
Delineation of protective sensation to prevent any further injury and ensure patient safety.
_________ does not influence the regaining of sensation after a brain injury? (Bailey, pg 582) Experience Sensory input Desensitization Learning
Desensitization
Mark suffered a stroke and had carpal tunnel surgery a year ago. He now presents with sensation deficits. After doing his eval and occ. profile you find out his job is very risky and he has currently lost his ability to recognize trauma if he sustains an injury. You plan to incorporate intervention for his protective sensation. Which of the following is NOT the best way to address his impairments in protective sensation: Emphasize use of visual perception skills Checking Water temp. first with unaffected hand Compensatory Strategies Desensitization (soft to rough)
Desensitization (soft to rough)
Muscular dystrophies are the progressive degeneration of muscle fibers, they ____ (Valeria P&S-K pdf pg 1707; text p940) Also affect sensory and neuronal innervation Do not affect sensory and neuronal innervation Also affect sensation Also affect neuronal innervation
Do not affect sensory and neuronal innervation
Joanne is a 22 year old college student, and your first patient to have a diagnosis of myasthenia gravis. You've learned about it briefly in your OT program but were told you may never see a patient with MG in your career. Joanne is eager to be involved and present in school and participate in social activities. What is the best approach for Joanne to participate in school and socially? (Valeria P&S-K pdf pg 1705) Recommend she takes daily morning walks to increase her energy levels for school and social activities Encourage her to attend zumba twice a week at her university's gym to increase social interaction Educate Joanne on energy conservation techniques, fatigue management, and adaptive equipment Joanne does not need OT intervention for MG because she is still young. You recommend she revisit within the year to reassess her needs.
Educate Joanne on energy conservation techniques, fatigue management, and adaptive equipment
Which of the following is true regarding the difference between Erb's palsy and Klumpke's palsy? (Jane S&P-K pdf pg 1702) Erb's palsy involves the upper trunk of the brachial plexus (C5-C6). Klumpke's palsy involves the lower trunk of the brachial plexus (C8-T1). Erb's palsy is only seen in newborns. Klumpke's palsy is only seen in adults. Erb's palsy affects only the hand. Klumpke's palsy affects the hands, shoulder, and trunk. In both brachial plexus injuries, there is a 30-50% chance of full recovery.
Erb's palsy involves the upper trunk of the brachial plexus (C5-C6). Klumpke's palsy involves the lower trunk of the brachial plexus (C8-T1).
An example of allodynia would be... (Sydney, pg.1051 e-book) Experiencing a tingling sensation when the body is at rest Experiencing increased pain during nerve regeneration after a traumatic injury Experiencing extreme pain when the injury site is touched with a soft cotton ball A long, throbbing pain due to overuse
Experiencing extreme pain when the injury site is touched with a soft cotton ball
Passive stretching refers to using an _______ force to ______ the position. (pg. 280) External, hold Internal, hold External, move Internal, move
External, hold
Knowing that the homunculus represents the proportions of the sensory surfaces of the body in representation to the cortical area locations. Which of the following is the smallest sensory area on the homunculus out of the choices below? Eye Mouth Hand Fingers Foot
Eye
T/F If your post stroke client's shoulder muscle is paralyzed the shoulder can be placed above 90 degrees
F
T/F Scar tissue that runs across joints or along tendons will have no impact on motion.
F
T/F When testing shoulder flexion MMT against gravity the therapist will apply resistance on the wrist
F
For two-point discrimination testing, the final score is the largest distance at which perception of one or two points is better than change. (Kiani, D&G pg 186) True False
False
How can occupational therapists affect cortical reorganization, and what is an example of that type of intervention? (p. 591, Nora) Graded motor imagery; laterality training Graded discriminative training; identifying objects out of a box Graded motor imagery; identifying objects out of a box Graded discriminative training; laterality training
Graded motor imagery; laterality training
Which of the following could be an intervention to increase muscle endurance?(283) Gradual increase in repetitions High intensity interval training Low repetitions and high resistance
Gradual increase in repetitions
What is a role of an Occupational Therapist for a patient with Guillian-Barre Syndrome during the recovery phase? (1695) Splinting to prevent contracture Passive ROM Gradually increasing activity as tolerated Positioning
Gradually increasing activity as tolerated
The ability to recognize symbols written on the skin is known as? (p.185, Hannah) Graphesthesia Astereognosis Graphanesthesia None of the above
Graphesthesia
Mobile arm supports (MASs) are best used for clients who... (p. 1374) Have significant weakness in their UEs and want to engage in functional tasks Want to use an overhead suspension rod attached to their wheelchair or bed frame Need to keep their UEs in a comfortable, protected position to minimize pain and subluxation Want to stretch the shoulders or elbows to maintain or increase ROM
Have significant weakness in their UEs and want to engage in functional tasks
As a therapist, you are working with a patient doing discriminative training. Your client is able to distinguish between different letters being written on their hand. The next part of the client's discriminative training should include: Having the client identify objects out of a box, rice, or sand Timing how long it takes the client to identity different objects Practice performing ADL's with the eyes closed No further training is needed this is the maximum level of training
Having the client identify objects out of a box, rice, or sand
The best example of a short-term goal for someone with sensory deficits : In two weeks the patient will be able to tolerate two different textures during two minutes when using graded discrimation techniques. In four weeks the patient will be able to localize touch from the therapist. In two weeks the patient will pick up objects with vision occluded. In two weeks the patient will experience a reduction in pain after participating in mirror therapy.
In two weeks the patient will be able to tolerate two different textures during two minutes when using graded discrimation techniques.
What must clients have to be candidates for discriminative sensory training? (Choose all that apply): (p. 590, Nora) Intact protective sensation Recognition of at least 5.31 on the touch pressure monofilament test Ability to localize a stimulus Recognition of at least 4.31 on the touch pressure monofilament test
Intact protective sensation Recognition of at least 4.31 on the touch pressure monofilament test
Impairment of a single spinal cord root will impact sensation on the ________ side of the body over the corresponding area served by that nerve root (p.180): Contralateral Ipsilateral Both side of the body Depends on the type of injury
Ipsilateral
Many assessments examining sensory function are performed on a patient's hands and fingers because these contain areas of: (select all the apply) (Anokhi, D&G pg. 178) Low innervation densities Larger representations in the somatosensory cortex High innervation densities Smaller representations in the somatosensory cortex
Larger representations in the somatosensory cortex High innervation densities
Which of the following statements is false? (pg. 199, 200) It is normal to have slightly more PROM than AROM It is normal to have slightly more AROM than PROM Avoid PROM when the underlying cause of the limitation is unknown A "springy" end feel is never normal
It is normal to have slightly more AROM than PROM
Which statements about poliomyelitis are correct? Select all that apply. (online book-pgs. 1696-1697) It is a highly contagious viral disease that enters through the eyes It is spread in unsanitary conditions Poliomyelitis is shed through fecal material for several weeks Bulbar polio is the most commonly diagnosed type of paralytic polio
It is spread in unsanitary conditions Poliomyelitis is shed through fecal material for several weeks
Grip strength norms were originally established using what device? (Pg. 255) Jamar dynamometer Sphygmomanometer Vigorimeter Smedley dynamometer
Jamar dynamometer
Joe is a retired chef who lives at home with his wife. They have two young grandchildren who come to visit on weekends. He enjoys working in his vegetable garden and cooking with the produce he has grown. Joe has recently been admitted to rehabilitation following a right parietal lobe stroke. Since he is able to identify some sensation, his OT has begun the active phase of sensory reeducation. What activity might Joe's OT have him do?(JaLeen, pg 188) Joe will feel for different objects that have been buried in potting soil Joes will use a mirror box while different kitchen tools are put in front of him to pick up Joe will demonstrate safety precautions he has learned to compensate for loss of sensation Joe's wife will simultaneously touch the fingers of his affected hand and the corresponding fingers of his unaffected hand while he watches
Joe will feel for different objects that have been buried in potting soil
Jane claims that when she's reaching for her water in the middle of the night she always knocks it over, unless she turns on the light to see, but even then she has trouble walking to turn the light switch on and find the light switch. Which of the following is the description that can be used to describe what Jane is experiencing and one way to help this situation so she can drink water in the middle of the night. (page 184, Allyson Seals ) Joint position awareness; install a light that turns on when hands are clapped together and remove any tripping hazards Temperature awareness; install a light switch closer to the bed Touch localization; there is no way to help Jane with problem Pain awareness; install a light that turns on when hands are clapped together and remove any tripping hazards Movement awareness; use a water bottle instead of a glass
Joint position awareness; install a light that turns on when hands are clapped together and remove any tripping hazards
Which of the following is NOT an exteroceptive sensation: Touch Kinesthesia Pain Temperature awareness
Kinesthesia
Which of the following is not a type of dynamic arm support orthosis/device? (Steven) Mobile Arm Support (MAS) Suspension Arm Devices Freestanding Dynamic Arm Support Kinetic Equilibrium Arm Apparatus
Kinetic Equilibrium Arm Apparatus
Intervention selection for sensory impairments should be based on all except: (JaLeen, pg 187) Evaluation Findings Prognosis Length of treatment Diagnosis
Length of treatment
_______ touch is perceived by receptors in the superficial skin. (p. 588, Hannah) Light Deep Painful Pricking
Light
t is used to appreciate the weight and pressure of a box and with other senses gauge the amount of force needed to pick up a box: Proprioception Stereognosis Pain Light and deep touch
Light and deep touch
In elbow flexion, which body structure operates as the internal force? (Cadi Fortes, D&G p269) Line of pull of biceps brachii Line of pull of combined weight of object, hand, and forearm Distance between biceps brachii insertion & elbow joint Point of insertion of biceps brachii
Line of pull of biceps brachii
Brown Sequard Syndrome's presentation includes : Loss of touch, vibration, proprioception on the lesion side, loss of pain and temperature on the side opposite to lesion Loss of touch, vibration, proprioception, pain and temperature on the ipsilateral side of lesion Loss of kinesthesia, vibration, proprioception, pain and temperature on the opposite of the lesion Loss of kinesthesia, vibration, proprioception, pain and temperature on the ipsilateral side of the lesion
Loss of touch, vibration, proprioception on the lesion side, loss of pain and temperature on the side opposite to lesion
When testing scapular DEPRESSION in MMT, the therapist will test: Lower trapezius and latissimus dorsi Middle trapezius and rhomboids Upper trapezius and levator scapulae Serratus anterior
Lower trapezius and latissimus dorsi
The focus of Phase 1 sensory reeducation is to ___ (Maria D&G 188) Integrate alternate senses Discriminate between different sensory inputs Maintain sensory cortical representation Increase tactile threshold
Maintain sensory cortical representation
When employing active sensory reeducation, which would be the best sequence of events when working with patients? Presentation of smaller and lighter stimuli, moving and constant touch sequence, activities that force discrimination of similar and different textures Activities that force discrimination of similar and different textures, presentation of smaller and lighter stimuli, moving and constant touch sequence Moving and constant touch sequence, presentation of smaller and lighter stimuli, activities that force discrimination of similar and different textures Moving and constant touch sequence, activites that force discrimination of similar and different textures, presentation of smaller and lighter stimuli
Moving and constant touch sequence, presentation of smaller and lighter stimuli, activities that force discrimination of similar and different textures
For deconditioned individuals strengthening starts with increasing _______ ______ (p.284) Muscle resistance Muscle Endurance Range of motion Cardiovascular endurance
Muscle Endurance
______________ should be assessed appropriately with MMT for deficits from lower motor neuron injuries. (DG pg 199, Jacquelyn Sy) Muscle Strength Tone Flaccidity Velocity dependent spasticity
Muscle Strength
Which of the following MUST be documented in the medical record? (Select all that apply) (Pg. 251) Muscle strength scores Identified muscle/muscle group tested Grades assigned to left and right sides Date of testing Therapist's signature
Muscle strength scores Identified muscle/muscle group tested Grades assigned to left and right sides Date of testing Therapist's signature
Which of the following assessments tests for touch localization? (Kiani, D&G pg 185) DASH Semmes-Weinstein Monofilament PEDI Peabody Developmental Motor Scale
Semmes-Weinstein Monofilament
Which of the following statements is INCORRECT concerning orthoses classification? (Caroline- Pg. 741) Orthoses and splints can be used interchangeably in evidence-based practice Orthoses can be classified by type, purpose, and design Terminology related to orthoses can vary and an understanding of the various classifications is important for therapists to learn Generally, orthoses are usually described in functional terms
Orthoses and splints can be used interchangeably in evidence-based practice
It is normal to have slightly more ____ than ____ (DG pg. 199, AZoeller) AAROM than AROM PROM than AROM AROM than PROM PROM than AAROM
PROM than AROM
For individuals with a brachial plexus injury, what is the best intervention strategy to maintain joint flexibility? (Jane S&P-K pdf pg 1703) Proprioceptive input exercises Fabrication of a sling Providing a hand splint Passive ROM exercises
Passive ROM exercises
______________ is subsumed under the client factor and body function category in the Occupational Therapy Practice Framework Sensory function Peripheral sensation Activities of daily living Reeducation
Sensory function
During the acute and plateau phase of Guillain-Barre Syndrome, what should an occupational therapist be particularly concerned with in regards to intervention? Celest P&S-K Pg. 1695 Active range of motion Manual muscle testing Functional mobility Passive range of motion
Passive range of motion
If a patient reports pain in the area of the amputated limb, they are most likely experiencing: (Kaelyn, D&G pg. 180) Peripheral sensation loss Phantom limb syndrome Anterior cord syndrome Cortical impairment
Phantom limb syndrome
The therapist asks the patient to feel for objects in a container filled with rice and identify them through touch before looking at what the object is. What is this an example of? Phase 1 of sensory reeducation Phase 2 of sensory reeducation Phase 1 of task-specific sensory training Phase 2 of task-specific sensory training
Phase 2 of sensory reeducation
Which is often the first and most readily available solution for providing static support to the upper limbs? (P-S/K pg 755, LR) Pillow Table Trays Armrests
Pillow
Which region in the relationship between stress and strain is where tissue micro failure occurs if there is increased stress after the end of the clients joint PROM? (pg 272) Plastic zone Elastic zone Neutral zone Passive zone
Plastic zone
Sarah has been diagnosed with Guillain-Barre syndrome and is experiencing no further deterioration of her physical state but also is showing no signs of physical recovery. What stage of progression of GBS is Sarah in? (Emma Cochran pg. 932) Acute Recovery Middle Plateau
Plateau
Which category of the OTPF does the practice of orthotics fall under? (P-S/K pg 729, AZ) Splints Preparatory Methods / Interventions to support occupations PAMS Personal Devices
Preparatory Methods / Interventions to support occupations
Edith is in the acute phase of GBS. She is completely dependent in all ADLs and is on a ventilator. Which of the following current goals for Edith is matched to the most appropriate intervention? (Cadi Fortes, P&S-K Pg. 942) Maintain full ROM in all joints: Perform against-gravity exercises with increasing resistance two times per day to all joints. Prevent contractures: Fabricate resting hand splints, and educate client/family about proper positioning in bed. Teach Edith and family about GBS: Help the client and family find meaningful activities to participate in, such as spiritual activities to encourage a sense of help and well-being. Provide a strategy for Edith to listen to the bible: Set up voice-activated smart technology such as Alexa, so Edith can verbally control her bible audiobook.
Prevent contractures: Fabricate resting hand splints, and educate client/family about proper positioning in bed.
Which of the following is not a way sensation can be inpaired in an individual? Any interruption along the ascending sensory pathway or in the cortical sensory areas Primary motor cortex CVAs Strokes Acquired brain injuries or neurological injury
Primary motor cortex
Which of the following is NOT a purpose of static orthosis? (P-S/K pg. 741, AZ) Rest or protect Reduce pain Prevent muscle shortening or contracture Progressively gain passive motion
Progressively gain passive motion
__________ measurements with a goniometer should be performed with the client seated (pg. 202, 209) Pronation Supination Elbow flexion Shoulder extension
Pronation Supination Elbow flexion Shoulder extension
An OT notices a few burn marks and scrapes on the hand of a patient that has recently experienced a stroke. The patient describes acquiring injuries because she was unaware of the position of her hand while cooking and maneuvering her wheelchair. Based on this information, the patient has an impairment in which of the following? (Anokhi, D&G pg. 177) Stereognosis Two-point discrimination Kinesthesia Proprioception
Proprioception
Superficial sensation, which is also referred to as exteroceptive sensation, consists of all of the following EXCEPT: (Christina, pg. 183) Touch Pain Temperature Awareness Proprioception
Proprioception
Which of the following is an example of a skilled observation indicating impairment in touch localization. Pt. has difficulty finding an object in bottom of backpack Pt. has difficulty understanding where their elbow grazed the wall when using a W.C. Pt. has difficulty differentiating water temperature for a shower Pt. has difficulty sensing phone vibrate in his pocket
Pt. has difficulty understanding where their elbow grazed the wall when using a W.C.
What is the force acting on an object divided by the cross sectional area of the object? (pg 272) Strain Stress Stretch Force Load
Stress
What is the cardinal sign of Guillain-Barre syndrome? (Emma Cochran pg. 932) Rapidly progressing ascending symmetric weakness of the bilateral extremities, progressing proximal to distal Rapidly progressing descending symmetric weakness of the bilateral extremities, progressing proximal to distal Slow progressing ascending asymmetric weakness of unilateral extremities, progressing distal to proximal Rapidly progressing ascending symmetric weakness of bilateral extremities, progressing distal to proximal
Rapidly progressing ascending symmetric weakness of the bilateral extremities, progressing proximal to distal
Cory is a 5 year old boy recently diagnosed with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy, he is beginning to become more independent and both himself and his parents would like to maintain as much of his independence as possible, what assistive device would benefit Cory the most? (Valeria P&S-K pdf pg 1707; text p941) Built up pencils Reacher U-cuff Sock aid
Reacher
Of the following strategies for intervention, which is the least appropriate for a client with post-polio syndrome? (Jane P&S-K pdf pg 1699) Educating the client on proper body mechanics while working in the kitchen Determining the client's priorities and planning daily activities accordingly Recommending a high-intensity home exercise program Connecting the client to groups for psychosocial support
Recommending a high-intensity home exercise program
Dynamic orthoses are designed to do all of the following EXCEPT: (p. 1346-1347) Increase PROM Reduce pain Substitute for lost motion Augment active motion by assisting a joint through its range
Reduce pain
MATCH: A:First-class lever B:Second-class lever C:Third-class lever Resistance in middle (between axis and effort) Effort in middle (between axis and resistance) Axis in middle (between resistance and effort)
Resistance in middle (between axis and effort) (b) Effort in middle (between axis and resistance) (c) Axis in middle (between resistance and effort) (a)
Which individual(s) below are demonstrating strength and joint movement WFL or better in their daily lives? (pg. 199) Rex, a construction worker, uses a wheelbarrow to walk a 40 lb. bag of cement mix across a construction site Cecilia, a college student, sits down to catch her breath after walking down a single flight of stairs in a parking garage. Joseph, an engineer, feels fatigued after walking from the break room to his office with a cup of coffee Ann, a retired nurse, takes a sip of water after pushing her grandchildren on the swingset for 10 minutes
Rex, a construction worker, uses a wheelbarrow to walk a 40 lb. bag of cement mix across a construction site Ann, a retired nurse, takes a sip of water after pushing her grandchildren on the swingset for 10 minutes
_________ and ___________ are terms that describe the amount of resistance a material gives when force is applied to it. (Angelina) Conformability; Drape Memory; Bonding Resistance to Stretch; Conformability Rigidity; Flexibility Bonding; Self-Sealing Edges
Rigidity; Flexibility
Sam has carpal tunnel syndrome in which the peripheral sensory processes are affected. He commonly experiences (Select all that apply): Sensory loss in the thumb and the two and half digits next to it. Sensory loss only in the tip of all fingers. Imparied ability to form and maintain functional grip Impaired ability to form and maintain pinch patterns
Sensory loss in the thumb and the two and half digits next to it. Imparied ability to form and maintain functional grip Impaired ability to form and maintain pinch patterns
After assessing a patient you notice that they have some sensation but also have the potential to improve their sensation and their interpretation of sensory information. Your patient will MOST likely benefit from: Desensitization intervention Sensory re-education Pain stimulation Pinpoint sensation Therapy
Sensory re-education
Which of the following definitions for the associated terminology is INCORRECT? (Caroline- Pg. 741) Dynamic orthoses include one or more resilient components that produce motion Static orthoses have no moveable components and helps to immobilize an individual's joint or body part Serial static orthoses achieve a quick, speedy increase in ROM by repeated molding of the orthoses or cast Static progressive orthoses include a static mechanism that adjusts the amount of angle of traction acting on a part
Serial static orthoses achieve a quick, speedy increase in ROM by repeated molding of the orthoses or cast
When fabricating orthoses or splints for your clients, it is important to take into account how the materials and dynamic components exert force on the client's bone and tissue. For instance, pinching skin between the surface of a splint and the underlying bony structures can cause which of the following? (P- S/K pg 739, JSy) Torque stress Perpendicular stress Coiled stress Shear stress
Shear stress
Tommy, an up and coming swim champion for his high school got into a traffic accident where he got a blow to the neck, affecting his long thoracic nerve. He has complaints about his swimming technique being affected and not being able to swim as efficiently anymore. Which action has due to damage to his long thoracic nerve caused difficulty for Tommy's swimming? (Valeria P&S-K pdf pg 1703) Shoulder flexion Shoulder extension Shoulder protraction Shoulder adduction
Shoulder protraction
Disorders of the motor unit are... (Cadi Fortes, P&S-K Pg. 942) Sometimes reversible, sometimes degenerative Always degenerative Genetic in origin Due to UMN damage
Sometimes reversible, sometimes degenerative
If a therapist gives a patient an item and blocks their vision then asks them to identify what the object is by manipulating in their hand, they are testing the patient's: Fine Motor Skills Grasping Pattern Pinch Pattern Stereognosis
Stereognosis
Izzie moved into a new house and got her furniture delivered. She was asked to sign a billing statement and reached into her purse and tried to find a pen. What process is she using? Kinesthesia Stereognosis Graphesthesia Tactile Localization
Stereognosis
The following sensory areas should be assessed in patients with spinal injury except for: (select all that apply) Vibration Stereognosis Pain and temperature Light touch
Stereognosis
Sensation is tested in five different forms, which of the following forms does NOT match the assessment that can test this form? Proprioception: moving body part into flexion and extension (while eyes are closed) (pg. 588) Stereognosis: monofilament for touch pressure (pg. 589) Touch: two-point discrimination (pg. 587) Temperature: hot and cold metal cylinders (pg. 586) Pain: sharp point (pg. 585)
Stereognosis: monofilament for touch pressure
What does the client respond when he or she feels the monofilament during the Semmes-Weinstein Monofilament test? (p. 588, Hannah) Yes I feel it Touch Pressure
Touch
An example of a time during occupational performance when you might want to run additional, non-standardized sensory assessments is (Lauren G, D&G 183): You notice that the client is easily distracted by sounds from across the room When applying a stimulus, the client cannot feel anything on the ventral surface of their first two fingers The client seems to have difficulty feeling buttons when dressing While preparing a meal, the client complains that the knife hurts to hold
The client seems to have difficulty feeling buttons when dressing
Which of the following is FALSE regarding MMT accuracy? (Pg. 250-251) MMT accuracy is essential for meaningful evaluation Therapists must strictly adhere to the exact procedures to maximize reliability of the test The client's posture, fatigue, and cognition level are minor variables that do not affect the reliability of the overall test It is the responsibility of the therapist to provide a distraction-free, comfortable environment for the test
The client's posture, fatigue, and cognition level are minor variables that do not affect the reliability of the overall test
Which of the following is correct if the client scores a 4- (good minus) on MMT when testing elbow flexion? The elbow moves through full flexion ROM against gravity The elbow can take moderate resistance The elbow can take less than moderate resistance The elbow moves through full flexion ROM against gravity and then breaks
The elbow moves through full flexion ROM against gravity The elbow can take less than moderate resistance
What does an exteroceptive sensation assessment test for? (Kiani, D&G pg. 183) Touch awareness Sweat ability Joint position awareness Kinesthesia
Touch awareness
How do you calculate the final score of the static two-point discrimination test: The final score is the smallest distance at which the perception of one or two points is better than chance The final score is the largest distance at which the perception of one or two points is better than chance The final score is the mean distance of several trials at which the perception of one or two points is better than chance None of the above
The final score is the smallest distance at which the perception of one or two points is better than chance
When does a muscle have greatest potential for force production? (pg 275) Fully stretched Fully relaxed The middle of its length range The end of its length range
The middle of its length range
Which types of pinches are most effective for accomplishing occupational tasks and activities effectively? (Select all that apply) (pg. 257-58) Tip pinch Lateral pinch (key pinch) Palmar pinch (three jaw chuck pinch) Hook pinch
Tip pinch Lateral pinch (key pinch) Palmar pinch (three jaw chuck pinch)
Which of the following are symptoms of chronic edema? Select all that apply. (pg.276) Tissues feel hard or leatherlike Tissue pits and rebounds quickly Tissue pits minimally Tissue is fluid and mobile
Tissues feel hard or leatherlike Tissue pits minimally
Which of the following is NOT a common use of static arm supports? (Angelina) To support the UEs in a comfortable, protected position To decrease ROM To minimize pain & shoulder subluxation To stretch the shoulder(s) To maintain ROM
To decrease ROM
What is the most important reason to support the client's hand fully during sensory testing? (p. 584, Shelby) To prevent extra movement that could provide sensory information that interferes with the test To ensure that the client is comfortable To allow the client a better view of their hand during the sensory testing It does not matter if their arm is fully supported
To prevent extra movement that could provide sensory information that interferes with the test
Why should a therapist apply stimuli at uneven intervals and insert times when no stimulus is given when performing a test like the monofilament test? (D&G Pg. 182; Addie) To prevent the test from becoming too boring for the patient To prevent the client from recognizing a pattern To make sure that Even intervals create an interfering effect
To prevent the client from recognizing a pattern
When performing MMT with a patient, where do you apply resistance? (p. 228) To the proximal end of the segment and in the direction the movement came from To the distal end of the segment and in the direction the movement came from To the proximal end of the segment and in the same direction as the movement To the distal end of the segment and in the same direction as the movement
To the distal end of the segment and in the direction the movement came from
___________ should be assessed for deficits resulting from upper motor neuron injuries. (DG pg 199, Jacquelyn Sy) Muscle strength Tone Flaccidity
Tone
You observe that a client never seems to notice when they receive a message on their smart watch. You decide to do a screening for (Lauren G, D&G 185): Temperature awareness Vibration awareness Stereognosis Graphesthesia
Vibration awareness
Which of the following are examples of compensatory strategies for sensory loss ?: Increase the amount of force used when gripping an object Visually examine the skin for edema, redness, warmth, blisters, cuts, or other wounds Avoid application of moisturizing agents Persist in an activity for prolonged periods as long as it can be tolerated
Visually examine the skin for edema, redness, warmth, blisters, cuts, or other wounds
Multiple Answer: Which of the following are methods for measuring edema? Volumetric measurement Two-point discrimination Dynamometer Circumferential measurement Figure-of-eight measurement
Volumetric measurement Circumferential measurement Figure-of-eight measurement
When screening the radial nerve, what area of the body should you test? (Sydney, pg.1055 e-book) Distal and proximal ends of the small finger Webspace on the dorsal side of the thumb The dorsal aspect of the distal phalange of the middle finger The medial aspect of the anterior forearm
Webspace on the dorsal side of the thumb
Which of the following is NOT an example of a compensatory strategy used to compensate for absent sensation? (Roxanna, D&G pg. 187) When gripping objects, use more force than necessary Relying on other senses such as vision to compensate for lack of sensation Performing skin checks of the affected body part (cuts, burns) Modifying tasks to avoid injury
When gripping objects, use more force than necessary
When is a circumferential orthosis fabrication indicated? Choose all that apply. (p. 1351) When immobilizing painful joints. When supporting joints surrounded by weak or flaccid muscles. When using it as a base for attaching outriggers in dynamic orthoses. When protecting soft tissue.
When immobilizing painful joints. When protecting soft tissue.
Which of the following is the result of a long thoracic nerve injury? (1702) Klumpke's syndrome Winging scapula Claw hand deformity Erb's palsy
Winging scapula
Tom, age 4, is diagnosed with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy, which is ___________. Tom's parents should quickly consider ________. (Cadi Fortes, P&S-K Pg. 941) autosomal dominant; treating Tom's mom for her symptoms autosomal recessive; getting him a wheelchair X-linked recessive; testing Tom's brother for DMD X-linked recessive; testing Tom's baby sister for DMD
X-linked recessive; testing Tom's brother for DMD
Is it ever acceptable for the axis of motion on the goniometer to change positions during movement? (p. 201) Yes, this is common for joints that do not have bony landmarks No, in order to get an accurate measurement, the axis must stay in place Yes, this is common for joints with a hard end-feel No, joints that have a different beginning and end range are not measured with a goniometer
Yes, this is common for joints that do not have bony landmarks
Which of the following statements are true? Select all that apply (p. 188, Nora) a. Hand representation reorganization is sufficient for return of normal sensory interpretation without sensory retraining in children who have peripheral or cortical injuries b. Hand representation reorganization requires sensory reeducation in children who have peripheral or cortical injuries c. Hand representation reorganization requires sensory reeducation in adults who have peripheral or cortical injuries d. Hand representation reorganization is sufficient for return of normal sensory interpretation without sensory retraining in adults who have peripheral or cortical injuries
a. Hand representation reorganization is sufficient for return of normal sensory interpretation without sensory retraining in children who have peripheral or cortical injuries c. Hand representation reorganization requires sensory reeducation in adults who have peripheral or cortical injuries
The occupational therapist used a golf tee to test the pain sensation of Mr. Smith's hand. He was instructed to say either sharp or dull when touched on different spots on his hand. All his answers were correct except when he was touched with the dull and sharp ends of the golf tee on the volar side of his distal and proximal ends of his small finger as well as on the proximal ulnar aspect of the palm, he did not elicit any response. This means that Mr. Smith probably has: impaired protective sensation because of an ulnar nerve dysfunction absent protective sensation because of an ulnar nerve dysfunction absent protective sensation because of nerve C8 dysfunction impaired protective sensation because of a median nerve dysfunction.
absent protective sensation because of an ulnar nerve dysfunction
What does PRE stand for? a. Pinpointed Resistance Exercises b. Pinpointed Repetitive Exercises c. Progressive Resistive Exercises d. Progressive Repetitive Exercises
c. Progressive Resistive Exercises
How many bones are in both hands and wrists in the human body and approximately what percentage do they account for? (1328) a). 27, 1/8 b). 62, 1/3 c). 10, 1/10 d). 54, 1/4
d). 54, 1/4
When positioning the goniometer you should do all of the following, except: (201) a). Position the moveable arm parallel to the longitudinal axis of the body distal to the joint being measured b). Position the stationary arm parallel to the longitudinal axis of the body proximal to the joint being measured c). Place the axis of the goniometer over the axis of motion of the joint d). Keep the axis of the goniometer stationary throughout measurement
d). Keep the axis of the goniometer stationary throughout measurement
"Mechanical Advantage" refers to the ______ relationship of a muscle. (p. 227) strength-placement strength-length length-tension strength-tension
length-tension
How can discriminative sensory reeducation be graded (Choose the best answer): (p. 590, Nora) Initially using similar objects then progressing over time to grossly dissimilar objects Initially using large objects then progressing over time to much smaller objects Initially using grossly dissimilar objects then progressing over time to more similar objects Initially using small objects then progressing over time to much larger objects
nitially using grossly dissimilar objects then progressing over time to more similar objects
