Chap 13
Deposition of material in the walls of arteries to form plaques is called A. atherosclerosis. B. varicose veins. C. thrombosis. D. pulmonary blockage. E. phlebitis.
a
If a normal person has a blood pressure reading of 120/80 mm Hg, by comparison a person with arteriosclerosis might have a reading of A. 150/60 mm Hg. B. 120/60 mm Hg. C. 100/80 mm Hg. D. 120/100 mm Hg. E. 80/120 mm Hg.
a
In most vessels, epinephrine and norepinephrine cause ______ but in skeletal and cardiac muscle, these hormones cause ____________. A. vasoconstriction; vasodilatation B. vasodilatation; vasoconstriction C. increases to blood flow; decreases to blood flow D. increases in oxygen concentration; decreases in oxygen concentration E. both C and B
a
Stimulation of the vasomotor center in the medulla oblongata causes _____________ and therefore _______________ to the cardiac output. A. vasoconstriction of the peripheral blood vessels, increases B. vasodilation of the peripheral blood vessels, decreases C. vasodilation of the peripheral blood vessels, increases D. vasoconstriction of the peripheral blood vessels, decreases E. a decrease in vasomotor tone, decreases
a
The ________ veins drain the adrenal glands. A. suprarenal B. renal C. testicular D. ovarian E. mesenteric
a
The enzyme initially released in response to a reduction in blood flow detected by the kidney is A. renin. B. angiotensin. C. angiotensin I. D. angiotensin converting enzyme. E. aldosterone.
a
The lower colon receives its blood from the A. inferior mesenteric arteries. B. renal arteries. C. suprarenal arteries. D. superior mesenteric artery. E. celiac trunk.
a
When cells become active in a certain area of the body, the blood flow to the capillaries in that area must _____ to provide more ____. A. increase, O2 B. decrease, O2 C. increase, CO2 D. decrease, sodium E. decrease, ATP
a
When the concentration of carbon dioxide decreases in the tissue, the precapillary sphincters __________ causing blood flow to the tissue to _________. A. contract; decrease B. contract; increase C. relax; decrease D. relax; increase E. close; remain the same
a
When the pH of the tissue increases, the precapillary sphincters __________ causing blood flow to the tissue to _________. A. contract; decrease B. contract; increase C. relax; decrease D. relax; increase E. close; remain the same
a
Which of the following is most likely to be an elastic artery? A. the ascending aorta B. the coronary arteries C. the right internal thoracic artery D. the parietal arteries E. None of the above is classified as an elastic artery.
a
Blood from the descending colon and rectum is carried to the hepatic portal vein by the A. superior mesenteric vein. B. inferior mesenteric vein. C. splenic vein. D. gastric vein. E. cystic vein.
b
Capillaries A. have a lot of smooth muscle in their walls. B. are a location of gas and nutrient exchange. C. are more numerous in such tissues as bone and dense connective tissue. D. experience very high internal pressures. E. have all of these properties.
b
The ________ veins drain the kidneys. A. suprarenal B. renal C. testicular D. ovarian E. mesenteric
b
The arteries found in the transverse foramina of the cervical vertebrae are the A. common carotid arteries. B. vertebral arteries. C. internal carotid arteries. D. external carotid arteries. E. subclavian arteries.
b
The kidneys receive their blood from the A. inferior mesenteric arteries. B. renal arteries. C. suprarenal arteries. D. superior mesenteric artery. E. celiac trunk.
b
The part of the aorta that gives rise to the left common carotid artery is the A. ascending aorta. B. aortic arch. C. thoracic aorta. D. abdominal aorta.
b
The vessels that supply blood to most of the brain tissue are branches off of the _____ at the base of the brain. A. vertebral arteries B. cerebral arterial circle C. axillary arteries D. external carotid arteries E. subclavian arteries
b
Which of these arteries might a red blood cell encounter if it started in the left ventricle and went to the brain? A. radial artery B. brachiocephalic artery C. external carotid artery D. axillary artery E. Both radial artery and brachiocephalic artery would be encountered.
b
Which of these is NOT an unpaired visceral branch of the abdominal aorta? A. celiac artery B. superior phrenic artery C. superior mesenteric artery D. inferior mesenteric artery E. All of these ARE unpaired visceral branches of the abdominal aorta.
b
Baron von Quacko, famous tag-team heavyweight wrestler, has a famous "sleeper hold" that he uses on opponents. Using only a single digit on each hand, he presses on his opponent's neck (while he has them in a full nelson) until his opponent passes out. What are the structures on which he is pressing, and what is the effect? A. subclavian arteries; blood flow is stopped B. carotid bodies; chemoreceptors stimulated and blood pressure decreased C. baroreceptors in carotid sinus; peripheral vasodilation, decreased heart rate D. vertebral arteries; blood flow to brain is stopped
c
Hypertension, or high blood pressure, causes edema in the tissues because A. it raises the capillary osmotic pressure, thereby forcing water back into the capillaries at a higher rate then normal. B it raises the capillary osmotic pressure, thereby driving water out of the capillaries and into the interstitial spaces at a higher rate than normal. C it raises the capillary blood pressure, thereby driving water out of the capillaries and into the interstitial . spacesatahigherratethannormal. D. it lowers the capillary blood pressure, thereby decreasing the amount of water accumulating in the tissues.
c
If the figure shown is an elastic artery, what layer is the letter A representing? A. tunica adventitia. B. tunica intima. C. tunica media.
c
In severe cases of shock A. the normal regulatory mechanisms for blood pressure control are adequate to return the body to homeostasis. B. the cardiac output rises dramatically. C. a positive feedback cycle develops. D. the baroreceptor reflexes are adequate for returning blood pressure to normal. E. renin secretion decreases, causing a rise in blood pressure.
c
Inflammation of the veins is known as A. varicose veins. B. thrombosis. C. phlebitis. D. necrosis. E. an embolus.
c
The adrenal glands receive their blood from the A. inferior mesenteric arteries. B. renal arteries. C. suprarenal arteries. D. superior mesenteric artery. E. celiac trunk.
c
The most rapid decline in blood pressure occurs in the ___________ because of their ____ resistance. A. large arteries; high B. medium-sized arteries; low C. arterioles; high D. elastic arteries; low E. veins; high
c
The part of the descending aorta that extends from the thorax to the diaphragm is the A. ascending aorta. B. aortic arch. C. thoracic aorta. D. abdominal aorta.
c
Given these vessels: 1) arterioles 2) capillaries 3) elastic arteries 4) muscular arteries Arrange the vessels in the correct sequence that blood would pass through when traveling from the heart to body tissues. A. 1,2,3,4 B. 1,3,2,4 C. 2,1,3,4 D. 3,4,1,2 E. 4,3,1,2
d
Given these vessels: 1) axillary artery 2) brachial artery 3) radial artery 4) subclavian artery 5) ulnar artery A red blood cell traveling in the brachiocephalic artery would have to travel through these vessels in this order to reach the thumb side of the hand. A. 1,2,3,4 B. 1,2,4,3 C. 3,1,2,5 D. 4,1,2,3 E. 4,1,2,5
d
If the figure shown is an elastic artery, the layer letter B is pointing to is composed of A. smooth muscle only. B. smooth muscle and elastic tissue. C. endothelium only. D. endothelium and basement membrane. E. elastic tissue only.
d
Local control of blood flow A. occurs because of contraction or relaxation of precapillary sphincters. B. causes precapillary sphincters to contract when carbon dioxide levels decrease in tissue spaces. C. causes an increase in blood flow when oxygen levels increase in tissue spaces. D. Occurs because of contraction or relaxation of precapillary sphincters and causes an increase in blood . flow when oxygen levels increase in tissue spaces are both true statements. E. All of these are true statements.
d
The _____________ contain(s) baroreceptors. A. subclavian arteries B. common carotid arteries C. external carotid arteries D. internal carotid arteries E. cerebral arterial circle (circle of Willis)
d
The ______________ is the part of the descending aorta that extends from the diaphragm to the common iliac arteries. A. ascending aorta B. aortic arch C. thoracic aorta D. abdominal aorta
d
The _______________ is the longest portion of the aorta. A. ascending aorta B. aortic arch C. thoracic aorta D. abdominal aorta
d
The body has several ways to keep blood moving forward through the veins. Which of the following does NOT explain how this happens? A. The pressure in the veins is lower than the pressure in the arteries (i.e. blood flows down its pressure gradient). B. Valves in the veins prevent backflow. C. The aid of respiratory pump (changes in pressure in thoracic cavity during inhalation and exhalation). D. The pumping of the venous endothelial contraction nodules (which act like a series of miniature hearts). E. The aid of contractions of skeletal muscles.
d
The first vessel to branch from the aortic arch is the A. right subclavian artery. B. right common carotid artery. C. left subclavian artery. D. brachiocephalic artery. E. left common carotid artery.
d
The small intestine, pancreas and upper colon receive their blood from the A. inferior mesenteric arteries. B. renal arteries. C. suprarenal arteries. D. superior mesenteric artery. E. celiac trunk.
d
When the by-products of metabolism build up in the tissue spaces, the precapillary sphincters _________ causing blood flow to the tissue to _________. A. contract; decrease B. contract; increase C. relax; decrease D. relax; increase E. close; remain the same
d
When the pH of the tissue decreases, the precapillary sphincters __________ causing blood flow to the tissue to _________. A. contract; decrease B. contract; increase C. relax; decrease D. relax; increase E. close; remain the same
d
Which of the following is most likely to be classified as a muscular artery? A. the ascending aorta B. the pulmonary trunk C. the aortic arch D. the superior mesenteric E. None of the above is classified as a muscular artery.
d
Which of these is a superficial vein of the lower limbs? A. anterior tibial vein B. femoral vein C. popliteal vein D. great saphenous vein E. internal iliac vein
d
A portal system A. begins and ends with capillary beds. B. has no pumping mechanism between capillary beds. C. is a specialized network of blood vessels. D. is exemplified by the hepatic portal system and the pituitary-hypothalamic portal system. E. All of these are correct.
e
All of the following arteries have pulse points that can be monitored EXCEPT: A. superficial temporal B. common carotid C. radial artery D. brachial artery E. All of these arteries have pulse points that can be monitored.
e
Edema would develop if A. the capillary blood pressure was always higher than the capillary osmotic pressure. B. the lymphatic vessels were blocked. C. the osmotic concentration of the blood was a lot less than the osmotic concentration of the interstitial fluid. D. the capillary beds suddenly became more permeable to proteins such as albumen. E. All of the choices are correct.
e
Epinephrine causes A. increased heart rate and stroke volume. B. vasoconstriction of blood vessels to the skin and viscera. C. vasoconstriction of blood vessels to skeletal muscle and heart muscle. D. all of these. E. increased heart rate, stroke volume and vasoconstriction of blood vessels to the skin and viscera.
e
Parietal arteries that branch from the thoracic (descending) aorta A. supply the thoracic organs. B. include the posterior intercostal arteries. C. include the anterior intercostal arteries. D. include the superior phrenic arteries. E. include both the posterior intercostal arteries and include the superior phrenic arteries.
e
Regarding fluid movement through the capillaries, A. blood pressure moves fluid out of the capillaries. B. osmotic pressure moves fluid into the capillaries. C. blood usually has a greater osmotic pressure than interstitial fluid. D. nine tenths of the fluid that leaves the capillary reenters the capillary. E. All of these are true statements.
e
The ______________ is (are) formed when the vertebral arteries unite at the base of the brain. A. subclavian arteries B. common carotid arteries C. external carotid arteries D. internal carotid arteries E. cerebral arterial circle (circle of Willis)
e
The stomach, spleen, and liver receive their blood from the A. inferior mesenteric arteries. B. renal arteries. C. suprarenal arteries. D. superior mesenteric artery. E. celiac trunk.
e
The systemic vessels A. transport blood through all parts of the body from the left ventricle to the right atrium. B. supply oxygen and nutrients to all cells of the body. C. carry away carbon dioxide and waste from all cells of the body. D. are part of the peripheral circulation. E. have all of these properties.
e
Valves A. are found in veins less than 2 mm in diameter. B. consist of folds in the tunica adventitia. C. are found more often in the leg veins than in the arm veins. D. allow blood to flow only toward the heart. E. are found both more often in the leg veins than in the arm veins and allow blood to flow only toward the heart.
e
Vasomotor tone A. is maintained by the parasympathetic nervous system. B. occurs in response to the vasomotor center in the cerebellum. C. occurs when action potentials travel through sympathetic vasoconstrictor fibers. D. keeps peripheral blood vessels in a partially constricted state. E both occurs when action potentials travel through sympathetic vasoconstrictor fibers and keeps . peripheral blood vessels in a partially constricted state.
e
Which of these are factors that increase the likelihood of atherosclerosis? A. lack of exercise B. smoking C. obesity D. genetics E. All of these increase the likelihood of atherosclerosis.
e
Which of these arteries are able to actively dilate and constrict? A. elastic arteries B. medium-sized (distributing) arteries C. arterioles D. small arteries E. All of these except elastic arteries show active dilation and constriction.
e
Which of these chemical substances, when released into the blood, would cause blood pressure to decrease? A. epinephrine B. angiotensin C. aldosterone D. vasopressin E. atrial natriuretic factor
e
Which of these conditions would stimulate the chemoreceptor reflex? A. increased oxygen content of the blood B. increased carbon dioxide content of the blood C. decreased pH of the blood D. All of these would stimulate the chemoreceptor reflex. E. Of these, only increased carbon dioxide content of the blood and decreased pH of the blood would . stimulate the chemoreceptor reflex.
e
Which of these regulatory mechanisms would occur in response to a sudden increase in blood pressure? A. a decrease in vasomotor tone B. vasodilation of blood vessels C. decrease in peripheral resistance D. parasympathetic stimulation of the heart E. All of these responses would be expected.
e
Which of these vessels would blood from the cranial vault NOT pass through as it returned to the heart? A. external jugular veins B. internal jugular veins C. subclavian veins D. brachiocephalic veins E. neither external jugular veins nor subclavian veins.
e
Which of these would occur as a result of increased renin release by the kidneys? A. an increase in angiotensin production B. an increase in aldosterone secretion C. an increase in sodium ion reabsorption D. an increase in water reabsorption E. All of these would occur.
e
Concerning blood vessel walls, A. the tunica adventitia is composed of connective tissue. B. the tunica intima is smooth muscle. C. the tunica media is an endothelial layer. D. the walls of arteries are thinner and contain less elastic tissue than veins. E. capillaries have the thickest walls of all the blood vessels.
a
In which of these blood vessels are blood pressure measurements most commonly taken? A. brachial vein B. basilic vein C. cephalic vein D. median cubital vein
a
The ____________ is (are) responsible for transporting blood to the upper limbs. A. subclavian arteries B. common carotid arteries C. external carotid arteries D. internal carotid arteries E. cerebral arterial circle (circle of Willis)
a
The arteries with walls that are mostly smooth muscle are A. medium-sized (distributing) arteries. B. elastic arteries. C. arterioles. D. capillaries.
a
The artery that supplies the urinary bladder, rectum, uterus, and vagina is the A. internal iliac artery. B. external iliac artery. C. median sacral artery. D. inferior phrenic artery. E. lumbar artery.
a
The chemoreceptor reflexes A. cause an increase in blood flow to the lungs. B. cause an decrease in blood flow to the lungs. C. helps decrease blood oxygen levels. D. cause a decrease in blood flow to the heart. E. cause an decrease in blood flow to the lungs and cause a decrease in blood flow to the heart are correct.
a
The portion of the aorta that gives rise to the coronary arteries is the A. ascending aorta. B. aortic arch. C. thoracic aorta. D. abdominal aorta.
a
Which of the following occur as stroke volume increases? A. Systolic pressure increases more than diastolic pressure. B. Pulse pressure decreases. C. Cardiac output decreases. D. Resistance to blood flow increases. E. The amount of blood sent to systemic circulation decreases.
a
Which of these have no smooth muscle in their walls? A. venules B. small veins C. medium-sized veins D. large veins E. All of these contain at least some smooth muscle in their walls.
a
Your coach says that you really need more strength and endurance in your quads so you head to the gym to work that group of muscles. Which of the following blood vessels is most likely supplying that muscle group with oxygenated blood? A. femoral artery B. femoral vein C. saphenous veins D. dorsalis pedis artery E. fibular or peroneal artery
a
A patient, Aldo S. Terone, was found to have severe arteriosclerosis of his renal arteries, which reduces renal blood flow. Which of these would be consistent with that condition? A. hypotension (low blood pressure) B. hypertension (high blood pressure) C. decreased vasomotor tone D. exaggerated sympathetic stimulation of the heart E.Both hypotension (low blood pressure) and decreased vasomotor tone would be expected consequences of his condition.
b
Arteries A. carry only oxygenated blood. B. carry blood away from the heart. C. have valves. D. serve as a blood reservoir. E. All of these are true of arteries.
b
As you work your quads, you notice that the tissue in that part of the leg is pinker (flush with increased blood flow). What has caused this increase in blood flow to the quads? A. an increase in the oxygen concentration in the tissue. B. an increase in carbon dioxide concentration in the tissue. C. the constriction of precapillary sphincters in the capillary beds of the muscle. D. the overall decrease in the temperature of the muscle tissue as the muscles contract. E. a rise in the pH of the blood and interstitial fluid of the muscle.
b
Blood flow through capillaries is regulated by A. one-way valves in the veins. B. precapillary sphincters. C. skeletal muscle contraction. D. elastic valves. E. the tunica intima.
b
Regulation of peripheral resistance occurs most often in the A. large arteries. B. medium-sized arteries. C. arterioles. D. capillaries. E. veins
c
The _____ begins with capillaries in the viscera and ends with capillaries in the liver. A. superior mesenteric vein B. inferior mesenteric vein C. hepatic portal system D. hepatic vein E. gastric vein
c
The ________ veins drain the testes in males. A. suprarenal B. renal C. testicular D. ovarian E. mesenteric
c
The _____________ supply (supplies) blood to the face, nose, and mouth. A. subclavian arteries B. common carotid arteries C. external carotid arteries D. internal carotid arteries E. cerebral arterial circle (circle of Willis)
c
The right common carotid artery and the right subclavian artery branch from the A. aorta. B. left common carotid artery. C. brachiocephalic artery. D. basilar artery. E. vertebral artery.
c
Which of the following blood vessels have highest resistance to blood flow? A. elastic arteries and muscular arteries B. muscular arteries and large veins C. arterioles and capillaries D. large veins and venules E. elastic arteries, muscular arteries and large veins
c
Which of these arteries branches to form the anterior tibial and posterior tibial arteries? A. external iliac artery B. internal iliac artery C. popliteal artery D. femoral artery E. common iliac artery
c
8. The artery that transports blood to the left upper limb is the A. aorta. B. brachiocephalic artery. C. left common carotid artery. D. left subclavian artery. E. left vertebral artery.
d
An increase in which of these would produce an increase in mean arterial pressure? A. heart rate B. stroke volume C. peripheral resistance D. Any of these would increase mean arterial blood pressure. E. Only heart rate or stroke volume would increase mean arterial blood pressure.
d
Functions of the peripheral circulation include all of the following EXCEPT: A. carries blood to the tissues B. exchanges waste products, and nutrients C. transports hormones and components of the immune system D. pumps blood into the arteries E. directs blood flow to areas of increased need
d
The ________ veins drain the ovaries in females. A. suprarenal B. renal C. testicular D. ovarian E. mesenteric
d
A blood pressure reading of 120/80, A. indicates a diastolic pressure of 120 mm Hg. B. demonstrates Korotkoff sounds at pressures above 120 mm Hg when taking blood pressure. C. indicates the diastolic pressure would be sufficient to lift a column of mercury 80 mm. D. would be considered normal for a resting young adult male. E Indicates the diastolic pressure would be sufficient to lift a column of mercury 80 mm and would be . considered normal for a resting young adult male are both true statements.
e
A hormone that is released in response to an increase in blood pressure is A. antidiuretic hormone. B. aldosterone. C. angiotensin I. D. angiotensin II. E. atrial natriuretic peptide.
e
