Chap. 14 Endocrine System Diseases and Disorders (MC)

hypergonadism

A condition of increased hormone production before puberty is _______.

insulin shock

A condition that comes on rapidly as a result of too much insulin is called ______.

dwarfism

A decrease in growth hormone leads to impaired growth of all body tissues with the most severe decreases causing _______ .

diabetes insipidus

A decrease in the release of vasopressin results in ______.

Cushing's

A round moon-shaped face and a buffalo hump on the upper back can be signs of _______ syndrome.

thyroid storm

A sudden, life-threatening exacerbation of all symptoms of hyperthyroidism is _______ called .

gestational

A type of diabetes that is short-lived and only occurs during pregnancy is ________ diabetes.

gestational

A type of diabetes that occurs only during pregnancy is _______ diabetes.

C

Abnormal protrusion of the eyeballs is called: a. ketoacidosis b. hirsutism c. exophthalmos d. amenorrhea

suprarenals

Adrenal glands are also called the ______.

D

Amenorrhea means: a. abnormal growth of body hair b. excessive breast development c. early puberty d. no menses

goiter

An enlargement of the thyroid gland due to inadequate dietary iodine is called ______ .

goiter

An enlargement of the thyroid gland is called simple ______.

B

Androgenital syndrome is also known as: a. hyperglycemia b. adrenal virilism c. myxedema d. hypercalcemia

Conn's

Another name for hyperaldosteronism is ______ syndrome.

D

As an exocrine gland, the pancreas secretes: a. insulin b. glucagon c. melatonin d. digestive juices

urine

Assessment of proper function of the endocrine organs can be accomplished with blood or _______ testing for the hormones they produce.

diabetes mellitus

Blood glucose and hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C) are used to diagnose _____ and to monitor the progression of the disease.

tissue atrophy

Common signs and symptoms of endocrine system disorders include mental abnormalities, lethargy or fatigue, and ______.

cretinism

Congenital hypothyroidism is called ______.

hypogonadism

Decreased production of sex hormones results in ______.

insipidus

Diabetes _______ is caused by a decrease in the release of vasopressin, or ADH, by the posterior portion of the pituitary gland.

A

Diabetes mellitus is a disorder of the: a. pancreas b. pituitary gland c. kidney d. thyroid

A

Digestion and metabolism problems in the elderly are common due to reduced levels of pancreatic hormones and what other hormones? a. Thyroid hormones b. Adrenal hormones c. Gonadotropins d. Pituitary hormones

A

Digestion and metabolism problems in the elderly are common due to reduced secretions of thyroid hormones and what other hormones? a. Pancreatic hormones b. Adrenal hormones c. Gonadotropins d. Pituitary hormones

cancer

Except for the thyroid, testes, and ovaries, ______ of the endocrine glands are rare.

polyuria

Excessive urination is called: ______

C

Glycosylated hemoglobin is abbreviated as: a. gHB b. HgbAC c. HbA1C d. AchBg

B

Glycosylated hemoglobin is abbreviated as? a. gHB b. HbA1C c. HgbAC d. AchBg

A

HbA1C testing is standard in caring for patients with diabetes. a. True b. False

pituitary

Head trauma can lead to multiple-organ dysfunction if the ______ gland is involved.

C

Hirsutism is a medical condition of: a. excessive breast development b. early puberty c. abnormal growth of body hair d. no menses

B

Hirsutism is excessive breast development. a. True b. False

bloodstream

Hormones are secreted directly into the _______ rather than through vessels or ducts.

giantism

Hyperpituitarism occurring before puberty is known as ______ .

Graves disease

Hyperthyroidism caused by an autoimmune condition is also known as _______.

A

Hypoglycemia can occur as a result of: a. fasting b. eating a large meal c. a sedentary lifestyle d. not enough insulin

dwarfism

Hypopituitarism in children is called ______.

Dwarfism

Hyposecretion of pituitary growth hormone during childhood results in _____.

giantism

If hyperpituitarism occurs before puberty, ______ occurs.

acromegaly

If hyperpituitarism occurs in an adult, ______ occurs.

B

Insulin is most important in the metabolism of: a. calcium b. glucose c. carbohydrates d. phosphorus

A

Insulin lowers blood sugar, whereas _______raises it. a. glucagon b. anabolic steroids c. ketones d. cortisone

tetany

Low blood calcium levels cause irritability to muscles, called ______.

thyroid

Most diseases of the endocrine system are relatively uncommon, with the exception of ______ problems and diabetes mellitus.

A

Of the several types of diabetes, which one can occur during pregnancy? a. Gestational diabetes b. Diabetes mellitus c. Nephrogenic diabetes insipidous d. Central diabetes insipidous

B

Of the several types of diabetes, which one that is caused by disorders of the pancreas? a. Gestational diabetes b. Diabetes mellitus c. Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus d. Central diabetes insipidus

B

Overproduction of aldosterone causes what disorder or disease? a. Cushing's syndrome b. Conn's syndrome c. Androgenital syndrome d. Myxedema

A

Overproduction of the cortisol glucocorticoid causes what disorder or disease? a. Cushing's Syndrome b. Conn's Syndrome c. Androgenital Syndrome d. Myxedema

blood calcium levels

Parathyroid glands regulate ________ levels.

hypothyroidism

Symptoms of _______ are fatigue, drowsiness, and sensitivity to cold temperature.

hyperglycemia

Symptoms of diabetic coma are related to _______.

adrenal

The ______ glands are located on the top of each kidney.

size

The ______ of the endocrine gland has a direct relationship to the amount of hormone it produces.

papathyroid

The _______ glands are embedded in the back part of the thyroid gland.

hypothalamus

The _______, located in the third ventricle area of the brain, contains neurosecretory cells that secrete hypothalamic hormones.

pituitary

The ________ gland is divided into two distinct sections with two separate functions.

anterior pituitary

The ________ gland produces tropic hormones.

D

The adrenal glands are located: a. at the base of the brain b. behind the midbrain c. embedded in the pancreas d. on top of each kidney

aldosterone

The adrenal glands secrete a hormone called _______ which regulates salt balance.

B

The beta cells located in the pancreas secrete glucagon. a. True b. False

ketoacidosis

The condition of having ketones in the blood, breath, and urine is called ______.

glands

The endocrine system consists of ______ and their hormones.

A

The hypophysis gland is also known as the_______ gland. a. pituitary b. thymus c. hypothalamus d. pineal

negative

The mechanism of ______ feedback controls the amount of hormones secreted by the endocrine glands.

A

The medical term acromegaly means: a. extremity enlargement b. enlarged organs c. small stature d. muscle decrease

thyroid

The only two endocrine glands that can be physically examined are the ______ glands and the testes.

progesterone

The ovaries secrete estrogen and _______.

melatonin

The pineal gland secretes _______ which regulates sleep and waking cycles.

oxytocin

The posterior pituitary gland produces ADH and _____ .

thyroxine

The thyroid gland secretes ______.

A

The thyroid is located in the neck on each side of the trachea. a. True b. False

glucagon

The two hormones secreted by the pancreas are insulin and ______.

30

There are about ______ hormones in our body being produced by the various glands of the endocrine system.

polyphagia

Three symptoms of diabetes mellitus include polydipsia, polyuria, and ______.

hyperthroidism

Thyroidectomy is a possible treatment for _______.

hydrocortisone

Two additional hormones secreted by the adrenal glands are cortisol, or ______ which regulates carbohydrate metabolism, and sex hormones.

hereditary

Type 1 diabetes is ______ and cannot be prevented.

insulin

Type 1 diabetes is ______ dependent.

Addison's disease

Undersecretion of hormones produced by the adrenal cortex is called _______.

A

What gland in the endocrine system secretes the hormone melatonin? a. Pineal gland b. Thyroid gland c. Pituitary gland d. Adrenal glands

B

What gland in the endocrine system secretes the hormone vasopressin? a. Pineal gland b. Pituitary gland c. Thyroid gland d. Adrenal glands

C

What hormone helps the progress of labor in the pregnant female and causes uterine contractions after childbirth? a. Thymopoietin b. Vasopressin c. Oxytocin d. Calcitonin

C

What medical term means from unknown cause or origin? a. Asymptomatic b. Polydipsia c. Idiopathic d. Striae

D

What medical term means stretch marks? a. Asymptomatic b. Polydipsia c. Idiopathic d. Striae

D

Which are the two most life-threatening complications of diabetes? a. Hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia b. Polydipsia and polyuria c. Ketosis and ketoacidosis d. Diabetic coma and diabetic shock

C

Which gland is considered the master gland? a. Thymus gland b. Hypothalamus gland c. Pituitary gland d. Pineal gland

A

Which of the following acts as an anti-inflammatory agent? a. Cortisone b. Aldosterone c. Insulin d. Calcitonin

C

Which of the following is not an endocrine gland? a. Pituitary b. Adrenal c. Liver d. Ovaries

C

Which of the following is the medical term that means excessive thirst? a. Hyperglycemia b. Polyuria c. Polydipsia d. Ketosis

B

Without what hormone do female sex characteristics not develop? a. Testosterone b. Estrogen c. Cortisol d. Thymopoietin

Thyroid storm

______ is a life-threatening exacerbation of all symptoms of hyperthyroidism.

Cushing's syndrome

______ is due to an overproduction of cortisol.

Mineralocorticoids

______ promote(s) sodium retention.

thyroxine

_______ is a hormone that can be given to individuals with hypothyroidism.

hyperthyroidism

_______ occurs when the thyroid gland secretes excessive T3 and T4.

Diabetic coma

________ is the result of not administering enough insulin or taking in too many carbohydrates in the diet.