Chap 19

Patients suffering from Thalassemia require frequent blood transfusions to make up for their short-lived red blood cells. What is the typical lifespan of healthy red blood cells? 60 days 120 days 6 months Like some white blood cells, red blood cells may last a lifetime.

120 days

Which of the following blood count values would be a sign of anemia? 3.5 million RBC 400,000 platelets 5.5 million RBC 10,000 WBC 10,000 WBC and 5.5 million RBC taken together

3.5 million RBC

Formed elements make up about what percentage of blood? 60 percent 30 percent 55 percent 20 percent 45 percent

45 percent

A typical adult hematocrit is 75. 45. 85. 65. 25.

45.

Plasma makes up approximately what percentage of whole blood? 65 percent 55 percent 45 percent 38 percent

55 percent

Blood volume represents about ________ percent of a person's body weight. 2 25 7 15 42

7

________ are large phagocytic white cells that spend most of their time outside the blood as fixed and free phagocytic cells. Monocytes Lymphocytes Basophils Neutrophils Eosinophils

Monocytes

An infected wound contains typically contains tissue fluids. pus. cellular debris. dead neutrophils. All of the answers are correct.

All of the answers are correct.

Which of the following is a function of the blood? transport of gases transport of nutrients and wastes transport of body heat defense against toxins and pathogens All of the answers are correct.

All of the answers are correct.

Which of the following is true of basophils? attract other defense cells constitute about 1 percent of WBCs granules contain heparin granules contain histamine All of the answers are correct.

All of the answers are correct.

Which of the following is true of eosinophils? They constitute about 2 to 4 percent of WBCs. Allergic patients have many. Granules stain with eosin dyes. They have bilobed nucleus. All of the answers are correct.

All of the answers are correct.

Which of the following statements is true about platelets? Platelets live for less than two weeks. Platelets are not cells. The spleen is a storage organ for a large platelet population. Platelets clump together at a site of injury. All of the answers are correct.

All of the answers are correct.

Antigens of the surface of red blood cells are also called ________ and antibodies in the blood plasma are also called ________. T-cells; B-cells serum; plasma agglutinogens; agglutinins erythrogens; antibiotics agglutinins; agglutinogens

agglutinogens; agglutinins

The most abundant plasma protein is __________. globulins albumin fibrinogen peptide hormones

albumin

Which plasma protein transports fatty acids and some hormones? gamma globulin steroid-binding protein albumin hormone-binding protein translipin

albumin

The most abundant plasma protein is transferrin. fibrinogen. hemoglobin. albumin. antibodies.

albumin.

The most abundant proteins in blood plasma are transport proteins. albumins. globulins. lipoproteins. fibrinogens.

albumins.

Soon after donating 0.5 liters of blood, one would expect an increased reticulocyte count. increased levels of clotting factors. an increased platelet count. an increased neutrophil count. an increased erythrocyte count.

an increased reticulocyte count.

Type A blood has ________ antibodies in the blood plasma. anti-O anti-D anti-A anti-B anti-Rh

anti-B

Which of the following is not one of the formed elements of blood? basophils lymphocytes RBCs platelets antibodies

antibodies

Which of these descriptions best matches the term T lymphocytes? produce antibodies in response to antigens often elevated in allergic individuals are involved in cell mediated immunity adhere to collagen beneath endothelium kill bacteria using hydrogen peroxide

are involved in cell mediated immunity

White blood cells that release histamine at the site of an injury are monocytes. neutrophils. basophils. eosinophils. lymphocytes.

basophils.

A sign of thrombocytopenia would be bleeding. a drop in oxygen-carrying capacity. bacterial infections. excessive clotting. allergic reactions.

bleeding.

Erythropoiesis is stimulated when oxygen levels in the blood increase. carbon dioxide levels in the blood decrease. blood flow to the kidney declines. coagulation begins. blood pressure increases.

blood flow to the kidney declines.

Blood type is identified primarily by both the ABO and Rh blood groups. the Rh blood group. the ABO blood group. the Kahn blood group. the HB blood system.

both the ABO and Rh blood groups.

Red blood cells carry __________ to the lungs and __________ to the tissues. nutrients; carbon dioxide oxygen; nutrients oxygen; carbon dioxide carbon dioxide; oxygen

carbon dioxide; oxygen

A substance that activates plasminogen might be useful to cause clots to form faster. mimic heparin. recruit neutrophils to an infection. initiate clot formation. cause clot dissolution to proceed faster.

cause clot dissolution to proceed faster.

The phase of hemostasis that involved clotting of blood is called coagulation. hemolysis. a platelet plug. diapedesis. vascular spasm.

coagulation.

The common pathway in coagulation ends with __________. positive feedback of thrombin formation release of PF-3 conversion of soluble fibrinogen to insoluble fibrin adhesion of platelets to a damaged vessel wall

conversion of soluble fibrinogen to insoluble fibrin

The process of fibrinolysis activates fibrinogen. dissolves clots. draws torn edges of damaged tissue closer together. forms emboli. forms thrombi.

dissolves clots.

A moving blood clot is called a(n) thrombus. plaque. platelet plug. embolus. procoagulant.

embolus.

Endothelial cells release ________ that stimulate smooth muscle contraction and accelerate the repair process. CSFs platelets endothelins heparins histamines

endothelins

White blood cells that are increased in allergic individuals are the lymphocytes. monocytes. eosinophils. neutrophils. platelets.

eosinophils.

Reticulocytes complete their development into ________ in the circulation. erythrocytes thrombocytes macrophages megakaryotes neutrophils

erythrocytes

The process of red blood cell production is called hematopenia. erythrocytosis. erythropenia. hemocytosis. erythropoiesis.

erythropoiesis.

Erythropoiesis is stimulated by a kidney-derived hormone called thrombopoietin. bilirubin. colony-stimulating factors. plasmin. erythropoietin.

erythropoietin.

Red blood cell production is regulated by the hormone thymosin. angiotensin. renin. M-CSF. erythropoietin.

erythropoietin.

RBC, WBC, and platelets all constitute what part of whole blood? serum formed elements plasma proteins plasma

formed elements

Approximately 45 percent of blood volume is composed of the formed elements. antibodies. leukocytes. plasma. clotting factors.

formed elements.

Each hemoglobin molecule contains four iron atoms. one heme group. a molecule of oxygen and a molecule of carbon dioxide. one alpha and one beta chain. four alpha chains.

four iron atoms.

Jane has Type A blood; therefore, she has antibodies to B agglutinogens. makes anti-A without ever having been exposed to Type A blood. has B antigen on her RBCs. can receive blood from other people with Type A blood only. can give blood to other people with Type A blood only.

has antibodies to B agglutinogens.

What other common blood test would have provided information about the level of formed elements a person has? hematocrit differential hemoglobin plasma analysis

hematocrit

The waste product bilirubin is produced from heme molecules lacking iron. iron found in hemoglobin molecules. globin chains of hemoglobin. heme molecules plus iron. abnormal proteins found in red blood cells.

heme molecules lacking iron.

Consider the following results from a blood lab test. Which value is most likely abnormal? hemoglobin — 10.7 g/100 ml hematocrit — 44 percent RBCs — 5.2 million/µl leukocytes — 8600/µl platelets — 280,000/µl

hemoglobin — 10.7 g/100 ml

Excess iron is stored in the liver and spleen as hemosiderin and ferritin. ferritin. transferrin. hemoglobin. hemosiderin.

hemosiderin and ferritin.

Which of the following descriptions best matches the term colony stimulating factor? often elevated in allergic individuals helper cells are one type adheres to collagen beneath endothelium kills bacteria using hydrogen peroxide hormone that regulates white blood cell formation

hormone that regulates white blood cell formation

Thyroid-binding globulin is an example of which kind of plasma protein? metalloprotein apolipoprotein steroid-binding hormone-binding transport albumin

hormone-binding

A person who has a low blood volume is said to be isovolemic. hypovolemic. antivolemic. normovolemic. hypervolemic.

hypovolemic.

Proteins in the blood for defense are called immunoglobulins. fibrinogens. hemosiderins. albumins. ferritins.

immunoglobulins.

All of the following are true of neutrophils except that they are phagocytic. active in fighting bacterial infections. granular leukocytes. also known as polymorphonuclear leukocytes. important in coagulation.

important in coagulation.

Pernicious anemia caused by a lack of intrinsic factor is specifically treated by injections of iron. oral doses of vitamin B12. blood transfusion. injections of vitamin B12. oral doses of iron.

injections of vitamin B12.

Plasma is closest in composition to interstitial fluid. urine. sterile water. isotonic saline solution. CSF.

interstitial fluid.

Each heme ring in hemoglobin encloses an atom of iron. calcium. sodium. copper. magnesium.

iron.

Which of the following is not true of neutrophils? attracted to complement-coated bacteria can exit capillaries can make hydrogen peroxide can destroy bacteria less abundant than lymphocytes

less abundant than lymphocytes

Which organ secretes most of the plasma proteins? pancreas kidney heart liver brain

liver

A small white blood cell with a large round nucleus would be a monocyte. basophil. eosinophil. lymphocyte. neutrophil.

lymphocyte.

Which of the following cells arise from a lymphoid stem cell? megakaryocytes monocytes neutrophils lymphocytes

lymphocytes

Platelets are pinched off from giant multinucleated cells in the bone marrow called myeloblasts. erythroblasts. megakaryocytes. normoblasts. lymphoblasts.

megakaryocytes.

Transferrin is an example of which kind of plasma protein? metalloprotein apolipoprotein steroid-binding protein hormone-binding protein transport albumin

metalloprotein

A blood smear prepared after a venipuncture shows a preponderance of very grainy white blood cells. Which of the following formed elements is not part of this "grainy" group? neutrophils monocytes eosinophils basophils

monocytes

Which of the following combinations may result in the hemolytic disease of the newborn? mother Rh negative, baby Rh positive mother type A+, baby type O+ mother Rh negative, baby Rh negative mother Rh positive, baby Rh negative None of the answers is correct.

mother Rh negative, baby Rh positive

The enzyme that dissolves fibrin is named __________. plasmin Factor X heparin thrombin

plasmin

The enzyme that can digest fibrin and dissolve a clot is heparin. fibrinase. thrombin. phosphokinase. plasmin.

plasmin.

A person's blood type is determined by the shape of the RBCs. size of the RBCs. presence of specific glycoproteins on the cell membrane. volume of the RBCs. chemical character of the hemoglobin.

presence of specific glycoproteins on the cell membrane.

The function of platelets is to assist in the removal of worn out red blood cells. immune response during an infection. destruction of bacteria. transport of blood gases such as oxygen. process called hemostasis.

process called hemostasis.

Most of the chemicals involved in the coagulation pathways are lipids. proteins. carbohydrates. vitamins. electrolytes.

proteins.

Most of the iron that is removed from degraded hemoglobin is recycled to the red bone marrow. stored in yellow bone marrow. excreted by the intestines. excreted by the liver. excreted by the kidneys.

recycled to the red bone marrow.

The site of red blood cell production in an adult is the __________. yellow bone marrow liver red bone marrow yolk sac

red bone marrow

In adults, erythropoiesis exclusively takes place in the liver. yellow bone marrow. the spleen. red bone marrow. lymphoid tissue.

red bone marrow.

In adults, the only site of red blood cell production, and the primary site of white blood cell formation, is the spleen. thymus. yellow bone marrow. liver. red bone marrow.

red bone marrow.

The extrinsic pathway of coagulation is initiated by the release of heparin from the liver. sticking of platelets to damaged tissue. release of tissue factor (Factor III) by damaged endothelium. conversion of prothrombin to thrombin. activation of Factor VII exposed to collagen.

release of tissue factor (Factor III) by damaged endothelium.

A bruise appears as a greenish spot in the skin because red blood cells are green when they leave circulation. hemoglobin has leaked from the blood into the injury and hemoglobin has a green color. the heme group in the hemoglobin has broken down into biliverdin. bilirubin from iron recycling has built-up in the bruise. dead white blood cells accumulate at the site of injury.

the heme group in the hemoglobin has broken down into biliverdin.

In case of hemorrhage, platelets are stored as a reserve in the thymus gland. bone marrow. the heart. the spleen. the kidneys.

the spleen.

People with type AB blood are considered the "universal recipient" for transfusions because they are usually Rh negative. their blood is plentiful in A and B agglutinins. their blood lacks A or B agglutinins. they usually have very strong immune systems. their blood cells lack A and B antigens.

their blood lacks A or B agglutinins.

People with type O blood are considered "universal donors" for transfusions because __________. their red blood cells lack A and B surface antigens they usually have very strong red blood cells their blood lacks A and B agglutinins (antibodies) their blood is plentiful in A and B agglutinins

their red blood cells lack A and B surface antigens

People who suffer from hemophilia A fail to produce a functional Factor VIII; as a result, they lack a functional extrinsic pathway. their coagulation times are too quick. they lack a functional intrinsic pathway. their coagulation times are much longer than normal. they lack a functional common pathway.

they lack a functional intrinsic pathway.

A person whose platelet count is 40,000/µl is suffering from hemocytosis. leukocytosis. leukopenia. thrombocytopenia. thrombocytosis.

thrombocytopenia.

Plasminogen is converted to its active form by an enzyme called fibrinolysin. prothrombin. polymerase. tissue plasminogen activator. papain.

tissue plasminogen activator

An important function of platelets is to __________. transport thrombopoietin transport nutrients transport blood gases transport clotting factors

transport clotting factors

Each of the following is a characteristic of whole blood, except a viscosity about the same as water. built-in system for clotting. pH of 7.4. red color from hemoglobin. temperature of approximately 38 degrees Celsius.

viscosity about the same as water.

Which of the following vitamins is needed for the formation of clotting factors? vitamin A vitamin B vitamin K vitamin D vitamin E

vitamin K

The combination of plasma and formed elements is called lymph. serum. whole blood. extracellular fluid. packed blood.

whole blood.

Which of the following statements is true about hemoglobin? Each hemoglobin molecule is made up of one alpha and one beta chain of polypeptide. All that is needed to bind oxygen is a molecule of heme. Hemoglobin can only bind oxygen. Each hemoglobin molecule can carry four oxygen molecules

Each hemoglobin molecule can carry four oxygen molecules

A hormone that stimulates production of granulocytes and monocytes is multi-CSF. thymosin. GM-CSF. G-CSF. M-CSF.

GM-CSF.

Anti-D antibodies are present in the blood of all Rh positive individuals. Rh positive individuals who have been exposed to the D surface antigen. all Rh negative individuals. Rh negative individuals who have been exposed to the D surface antigen. all individuals with type AB blood.

Rh negative individuals who have been exposed to the D surface antigen.

The disease sickle cell anemia is an example of what can happen if a gene for adult hemoglobin is abnormal. the diet is deficient in iron. hemolysis is prevented by a mutated gene. there is insufficient heme in the hemoglobin. red blood cells bind too much oxygen.

a gene for adult hemoglobin is abnormal.

Whole blood for testing in a clinical laboratory is usually collected from a superficial artery. an arteriole. a capillary. the heart. a superficial vein.

a superficial vein.

common pathway of coagulation begins with the activation of Factor X, production of prothrombin activator. conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin. sticking of platelets to damaged tissue. release of tissue factor by damaged endothelium. activation of a proenzyme exposed to collagen.

activation of Factor X, production of prothrombin activator.

The intrinsic pathway of coagulation is activated by the sticking of platelets to each other. release of heparin from the liver. release of tissue factor (Factor III) by damaged endothelium. activation of Factor XII by platelet factors. conversion of prothrombin to thrombin.

activation of Factor XII by platelet factors.

The clumping of red blood cells, when the specific antibody against the antigen on the cells is added, is called areolation. agglutination. coagulation. vascularization. hemostasis.

agglutination.

A patient has an infected puncture wound to her foot. Which type of white blood cell would you expect to be elevated in a differential white cell count? neutrophils monocytes lymphocytes basophils eosinophils

neutrophils

The white blood cell type that most rapidly increases in number after a bacterial infection is the __________. basophils neutrophils eosinophils lymphocytes

neutrophils

During a bacterial infection you would expect to see increased numbers of thrombocytes. eosinophils. basophils. neutrophils. reticulocytes.

neutrophils.

Fifty to seventy percent of circulating white blood cells are monocytes. neutrophils. eosinophils. basophils. lymphocytes.

neutrophils.

The most numerous white blood cells in peripheral circulation are the eosinophils. monocytes. neutrophils. basophils. lymphocytes.

neutrophils.

The level of erythropoietin in the blood would rise due to all of the following except periods of fasting. high altitude. anemia. when blood flow to the kidneys is disrupted. as a consequence of hemorrhage.

periods of fasting.

Surgical removal of the stomach could cause thrombocytopenia. jaundice. pernicious anemia. hemophilia. leukocytosis.

pernicious anemia.

Areas in a vessel wall where large quantities of lipid accumulate are called clots. thrombi. plaques. emboli. occlusions.

plaques.