Chap 3 3.3 a membrane seperates each cell from its surrounding
Transport protein (ES)
*a protein that serves the function of moving other materials within an organism. *proteins that transport substances across biological membranes. · Embedded in the phospholipid bilayer create passageways through which ions, glucose, and other polar, substances pass into or out of the cell. Ions move in and out
The internal membranes of several organelles are interconnected and form the ______ system of a eukaryotic cell. (NE)
Endomembrane
Receptor proteins (ES) PMT RCS
are protein molecules inside the target cell or on its surface that receive a chemical signal. · are located within the cell surface membrane, nucleus membrane or other cellular organelle membrane. They can bind to corresponding ligands to initiate cellular signaling pathways
PhospHolipid (ES) M HH CPG A 2HT
lipids whose molecule has a hydrophilic "head" containing a phosphate group, and two hydrophobic "tails" derived from fatty acids, Remember. There is an H so there is a hydrophilic head, there is "phosp" so there is a phosphate group, and there is two "O"s so there is 2 tails
Select all of the cell parts that are involved in the endomembrane system.
nuclear envelope, lysosomes, Golgi apparatus, and endoplasmic reticulum, vacuole
Both animal and plant cells (NE)
very similar because they are both eukaryotic cells. They both contain membrane-bound organelle Both also contain similar membranes, cytosol, and cytoskeletal elements.
Fluid mosaic (NE)
· A cell membrane consists of not only a phospholipid bilayer but of protein and other molecules. · The membrane is often called a fluid mosaic because many of the molecules drift laterally with the bilayer
What causes the structure of the lipid bilayer? TTP ONP HT (ES)
· Caused by tail to tail packing of nonpolar hydrophobic tails composed of two fatty acid chains
Phospholipid bilayer DLOP PATIW O = phil in= phob (ES)
· Double layer of phospholipids. o This part is exposed to the watery medium outside and inside the cell. · Hydrophobic tails What phospholipids arrange themselves into in water Has a hydrophobic and hydrophilic part Bilayer is a 3d sphere. Think of the bilayer as a pipe. The metal on the outside is the hydrophilic part while the inside metal is hydrophobic. a lipid containing a phosphate group in its molecule,
What gives phospholipids unusual properties in water? GB T O2FA 3 C B T A PG (NE)
· In a phospholipid glycerol binds to only two fatty acids. The third carbon binds to a phosphate group attatched to additional atoms
Adhesion proteins MBP ECTST (ES)
· Membrane bound proteins that enable cells to stick to one another. * Cells stick together
Enzymes (ES) SUCR
· These proteins facilitate chemical reactions that otherwise would proceed too slowly to sustain life · Not all enzymes are associated with membranes * Speed up chemical reactions
selective permeability (ES) OSS CE
· This means that some but not all substances can pass through it. · Lipids and small nonpolar molecules can freely pass into and out of the cell. · The fatty acid at the bilayers interior block ions and polar molecules such as glucose from passing through. * Phospholipids have this
Recognition proteins (ES) PICM ACTC
·proteins that are embedded in the cellular membrane the allow cells to communicate with each other. Carbs attatched to cell surface proteins serves as name tags that help the bodies immune system recognize its own cells. The immune system attacks cells with unfamiliart
Cellular respiration extracts energy from food and takes place in the organelle called a (ES)
Mitochondrian
Inside the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell, the subunits of ribosomes are assembled in the (ES)
Nucleolus
In eukaryotic cells, the DNA that codes for the cell's proteins is stored in a membrane-bounded organelle called the (NE)
Nucleus
The cell membrane is composed of a type of lipid molecule called a(n) ______, which has two fatty acids and a phosphate group extending from a glycerol molecule. (NE)
Phospholipid
