Chap 42 Pharm

After explaining an electrocardiogram to a patient, which statement indicates that the patient understands this test?

"It will show how impulses are moving through my heart."

A physician is teaching a group of medical students about the physiological basis for damage to the circulatory and neurological system that can accompany hypotension. Which response by a student would warrant correction by the physician?

"Tension and vessel thickness increase proportionately."

When explaining the difference between arteries and veins, the nurse would include which statement?

Arteries have smooth muscles that can change blood pressure by means of vasoconstriction or vasodilatation.

A cardiovascular clinical nurse specialist describes the dysfunctional endothelium in relation to cardiovascular disease. What is the major factor in the development of the dysfunctional endothelium?

Atherosclerosis

The nurse is reviewing a patient's electrocardiogram and notes that the P waves are sawtoothed in shape and there are three P waves for every QRS complex. The nurse would interpret this as suggesting:

Atrial flutter

Which property is related to the ability of the heart cells to transmit an action potential of electrical impulse?

Conductivity

A patient who has experienced the activation of a vagus nerve, would have which effect?

Decrease in heart rate

While intubated for surgery, a patient has inadvertently had his vagus nerve stimulated. What effect would the surgical team expect to observe?

Decreased heart rate as a result of parasympathetic innervation of the heart

A patient has a mix of deoxygenated blood and oxygenated blood in the left and right atrium. What defect does the patient suffer from?

Deviated septum

Fluid moves into the arterial end of a capillary due to:

Hydrostatic pressure

A nurse is explaining blood flow through the heart to a patient who has experienced a myocardial infarction. How would the nurse explain flow from the lungs to the heart?

Oxygenated blood from the lungs enters the left artium through the pulmonary veins.

Of the following factors, which increases the heart's output, and is dependent on the actions of the heart and the vasculature before contraction?

Preload

A nurse is measuring the BP of a client. The client asks what the BP measures. What is the best response by the nurse about the measurement of BP?

Pressure of blood within the arteries

Which is responsible for transmitting the nerve impulse to the ventricular cells?

Purkinje fibers

When describing cardiac conduction, the nurse explains that conduction velocity is fastest in the:

Purkinje fibers.

Which is released initially when blood flow to the kidneys is decreased?

Renin

The pathway for blood flow through the heart is:

Right atria to right ventricle to pulmonary artery through lungs to pulmonary veins to left atria and then to left ventricle.

A patient has a diminished flow of deoxygenated blood from the lower extremities. Which chamber of the heart receives deoxygenated blood from the lower extremities?

Right atrium

Which would the nurse explain is the pacemaker of the heart?

SA node

A client who has been diagnosed with blood pressure problems is eager to know more about the condition. What should the nurse explain is one of the internal processes that attempt to maintain blood pressure within normal limits?

Special sensory receptors in blood vessel walls called baroreceptors are stimulated.

An instructor is describing an action of the heart, likening it to that of stretching a rubber band. The instructor is describing:

Starling's law of the heart

The nurse is educating a group of nursing students about cardiac output. What information should the nurse include about preload?

The amount of pressure or stretching force against the ventricular wall at end diastole

A client has severe aortic valve disease. When educating the client about anatomy, what would the nurse include?

The aortic valve separates the left ventricle and aorta.

The nurse is reviewing with the client the three major layers of the heart wall and how they relate to the pericardium. What is the best description by the nurse to the client about the myocardium layer of the heart?

Thick, strong muscles making up the middle layer

While reviewing a patient's electrocardiogram, the nurse observes sawtooth-shaped P waves. This is indicative of:

atrial flutter.

When explaining blood supply to the heart muscle, the nurse explains that the left circumflex artery supplies the:

left ventricle.

The volume of blood in the cardiac system is a determinant of:

preload.

A group of nursing students is preparing a poster presentation describing the anatomy and function of the heart. In their diagram of the organ, they label the structure that separates the left and right sides of the heart as the:

septum.

When describing Starling's law of the heart, the instructor compares this to:

stretching of a rubber band

Contraction of the right atrium sends blood through the:

tricuspid valve.