Chap 8 Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limb

Pelvis

A bowl shaped structure composed of bones, ligaments and muscles that line the pelvic cavity and forms its floor

Pelvic Girdle

A complete ring composed of three bones, 2 hip bones and the sacrum which is also part of the vertebral column

Petellar Surface

Anterior side of the femur, a smooth medial depression articulates with the patella

Phalanges

Big toe has 2 proximal and distal, other toes have 3 each the proximal, middle and distal also numbered 1 to 5 from medial to lateral

Pubic Symphysis

Created from the interpubic disc and the 2 pubic bones

Patella

Is a sesamoid bone, known as knee cap, is located at junction of femoral and crural region

Fibula

Is a slender lateral bone of the crural region of the lower limb. It stabilizes the ankle. It does not bear any weight. Thicker and broader at the proximal end

Crural Region

Is leg proper, extends from the knee to the ankle contains the tibia and fibula

Cuboid

Is proximal to the 4th and 5th toe articulates to the calcaneous and lateral cuneiform and 4th and 5th metatarsals

Tarsal Region

Is the ankle or union of crural region with the foot

ischium

Is the infoposterior portion of the hip. inferior to the ilium and superior to the pubis

Interosseous Membrane

Joins the fibula and tibia along their shafts

Calcaneous

Largest tarsal bone, forms the heel

Metatarsals

Longest bones of the pedal region. They are numbered 1 through 5 starting medial at the big toe to little toe

4 Regions of the Lower Limb

Lower limb has 30 bones. Femoral Region, Crural Region, Tarsal Region, Pedal Region

Cuneiform Bones

Medial, proximal to big toe, Intermediate proximal to second toe and Lateral is proximal to the third toe

Tibia

On the medial side of the lower leg, crural region. Weight bearing, has a broad superior head with 2 fairly flat articular surfaces. Has a medial and lateral condyle separated by a intercondylar eminence

Popliteal Surface

Posterior side of the femur, flat slightly depressed area distal

Talas

Second larges tarsal bones, most superior

Intercondylar Fossa

Separates the medial and lateral condyles

Intercondylar Eminence

The condyles of the tibia articulate with the condyles of the femur

Femur

The femoral region. Has a head at the proximal end. It articulates with the acetabulum had medial and lateral condyles at the distal end, the widest point of the bone

Pedal Region

The foot has 7 tarsal bones, 5 metatarsals, 14 phalanges

Acetabulum

The hip socket, where the head of the femur articulates with the hip.

Apex

The point of the head of the fibula.

Femoral Region

The thigh, femur bone extends from hip to knee

Navicular

The widest tarsal bone, it is distal to the tallas, medial and proximal to the big toe, second toe and third toe

Tarsal Bones

These are arranged in proximal and distal groups. Proximal row is the calcaneous, talas, navicular. Distal row is the Medial Cuneiform, Intermediate Cuneiform, Lateral Cuneiform and Cuboid

Lower Limb

They are adapted for weight bearing and locomotion

Interpubic Disc

Where the two hip bones articulate on the anterior side of the pelvis joined by a fibrocartilage

ilium

largest bone of the hip extends from the iliac crest, posterior portion of the bone t the center of the acetabulum

Pubis

the most anterior portion of the hip bone, nearly horizontal serves as a platform for the urinary bladder