Chapter 01 - Pathophysiology

A 17-year-old college-bound student receives a vaccine against an organism that causes meningitis. This is an example of: A. primary prevention. B. secondary prevention. C. tertiary prevention. D. disease treatment.

A

A disease that is continuously present in a particular region

Endemic

The known cause of a disease process

Etiology

An increase in the severity of disease signs and symptoms

Exacerbation

Epidemiology is the study of disease expression in individuals. True/False

F

Homeostatic control mechanisms function primarily during disease states. True/False

F

Illness and disease always coexist. True/False

F

Individuals experiencing the same disease process exhibit the same clinical manifestations. True/False

F

Most homeostatic mechanisms function via positive feedback loops. True/False

F

The etiology and pathogenesis of most disease states have been well defined by research. True/False

F

Values outside the normal range for a particular variable are always indicative of disease. True/False

F

An adverse condition occurring as a result of medical intervention

Iatrogenic

A disorder of unknown cause

Idiopathic

The conditions or illnesses associated with a disease.

Morbidity

Which of the following assessment findings indicates an alteration in homeostatic control mechanisms? A. Fever B. Throat pain C. Joint stiffness D. Positive throat culture

A

A patient with high blood pressure who is otherwise healthy is counseled to restrict sodium intake. This is an example of A. primary prevention. B. secondary prevention. C. tertiary prevention. D. disease treatment.

B

An obese but otherwise healthy teen is given a prescription for a low-calorie diet and exercise program. This is an example of: A. primary prevention. B. secondary prevention. C. tertiary prevention. D. disease treatment.

B

C.Q. was recently exposed to group A hemolytic Streptococcus and subsequently developed a pharyngeal infection. His clinic examination reveals an oral temperature of 102.3° F, skin rash, and reddened throat mucosa with multiple pustules. He complains of sore throat, malaise, and joint stiffness. A throat culture is positive for Streptococcus, and antibiotics have been prescribed. The etiology of C.Q.'s disease is: A. a sore throat. B. streptococcal infection. C. genetic susceptibility. D. pharyngitis.

B

Which of the following is a statement about disease pathogenesis? A. Pharyngitis is caused by group A hemolytic Streptococcus infection. B. Streptococcal infection activates immune cells, leading to inflammation. C. Sore throat and mucosal inflammation are common signs and symptoms of pharyngeal infection. D. Antibiotics are the treatment of choice for streptococcal infection.

B

After suffering a heart attack, a middle-aged man is counseled to take a cholesterol-lowering medication. This is an example of A. primary prevention. B. secondary prevention. C. tertiary prevention. D. disease treatment.

C

A new disease process arising secondarily to another disease

Complication

Most homeostatic mechanisms function on a negative-feedback principle, which facilitates A. minimal response to environmental changes. B. an amplified response. C. a rapid response rate. D. steady-state stability.

D

An epidemic that distributes to a large geographic area

Pandemic

An abatement or decline in disease manifestations

Remission

Common problems following a disease process

Sequela

An absence of clinical manifestations despite the presence of a disease

Subclinical

A set of symptoms that occur together

Syndrome

A change in a physiologic variable is more significant than the absolute values. True/False

T

Normal ranges for physiologic parameters are arbitrarily defined based on population sampling True/False

T

Normalcy is culturally defined. True/False

T