chapter 01

which of maria's food habits is most influenced by her emotions?

drinking wine in the evening

what is the average daily amount of a nutrient that will maintain a specific biochemical or physiological function in half the healthy people of a given age and sex?

estimated average requirement

which class of nutrients does not contain carbon?

minerals

which advice might help someone used to eating poor-quality foods out of habit?

remove unhealthy foods from the house

which of the following statements regarding risk factors for disease is accurate?

risk factors tend to cluster

which substance is found in the largest amount in both fruits and vegetables?

water

compare the composition of maria's diet with the acceptable macronutrient distribution ranges (AMDR) how would you characterize her intake?

adequate carbohydrate, adequate protein, and high fat

in a recent nutritional assessment, 10 year old gabby shows higher than average weight and height measurements than others of her age and sex. what type of assessment provided these results?

anthropometric data

nutrient recommendations _____

are not minimum requirements and may not represent optimal intakes for all individuals

which characteristic is a strength of epidemiological studies?

can narrow down the list of possible causes

what percentages of maria's daily calories are provided by carbohydrates, protein, and fat?

carbohydrates: 46% protein: 12% fat: 42%

Consider Maria's typical evening meals and the factors that may influence her food habits. Which factor is likely to have the biggest impact on her choices?

convenience

in a 2018 survey, 45 percent of internal medicine residents reported having little to no training in nutrition

false

which of these nutrients is energy-yielding?

fat

which choice is an example of an ultra-processed food?

fruit gummies

while reading a research article, you note a prediction that "it seems likely that individuals who exercise more will lose weight more easily". how would you categorize this statement?

hypothesis

which statement accurately describes the estimated average requirements and recommended dietary allowances?

if people consumed the ear of a given nutrient daily, half would develop a deficiency

dr. barnard recommends five steps the medical community can take to address this lack of nutrition knowledge. one of the steps in the article advises that _____ should be a required part of continuing medical education for physicians everywhere

nutrition

which statement accurately describes a cross-sectional study?

observing how much and what kinds of foods a group of people eat and how healthy these people are

which of the following risk factors contributing to deaths in the united states does maria seem to exhibit?

poor diet/inactivity

which is the number one reason that most people choose certain foods?

preference

which health condition is related to vitamin c deficiency?

scurvy

aretha's health history indicates that she is anemic because she is excreting too much iron. what type of deficiency does this suggest?

secondary deficiency

if a patient develops anemia as a result of their chronic kidney disease, and presents with fatigue and shortness of breath caused by the anemia, which accurately describes their deficiency?

secondary deficiency

which information would be part of a person's historical information when completing a nutrition assessment?

socioeconomic status

aretha's blood and urine tests at a recent checkup show that her levels of iron are low. she is surprised by the results because she doesn't have any of the symptoms associated with low iron, such as fatigue and headaches. which type of deficiency does this suggest?

subclinical

which statement accurately describes what it means if a person's intake of a nutrient falls between the recommended dietary allowance and the estimated average requirement?

the intake may be adequate, but the chances are greater or equal that it is inadequate

which risk factor causes the most deaths in the united states?

tobacco use

which value can specify the point at which a nutrient could become toxic?

tolerable upper intake level

research shows that a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, grains, and beans, can help fight heart disease, hypertension, diabetes, and cancer. but just 9.3 percent of u.s. adults meet the daily vegetable intake recommendation, while only 12.2 percent of adults get enough fruit

true

using table 1-2 from the text, calculate maria's average daily kcalorie intake from carbohydrates, protein, and fat. adding these figures together, what is her total daily caloric intake?

1720

according the acceptable macronutrient distribution ranges, what percentage of kcalories should come from fat?

20-35%

a person consumes 8 grams of protein, 25 grams of carbohydrates, 6 grams of fat, and 4 grams of alcohol. what is the total energy value (in kcalories) from these stated amounts?

214 kilocalories