Chapter 04 and Self-Regulation

Which theorist is responsible for proposing the idea of a filter model of attention? Raymond Sanders Donald Broadbent Monica McGoldrick Elizabeth Loftus

Donald Broadbent

Which of the following is an experimental procedure used to study how attention affects the processing of competing stimuli? early selection filtering channeling dichotic listening

dichotic listening

The distribution of attention among two or more tasks is known as divided attention dual attention multi-tasking divergent tasking

divided attention

Lan has no idea what she just read in her text because she was thinking about how hungry she is and what she is going to have for dinner. This is a real-world example of . the late-selection model of attention an object-based attentional failure inattentional blindness the cocktail party phenomenon

inattentional blindness

A high threshold in Treisman's model of attention implies that . weak signals can cause activation it takes a strong signal to cause activation all signals cause activation no signals cause activation

it takes a strong signal to cause activation

According to the filter model of attention, which of the following messages would likely be identified by the filter? All messages selected by the filter. All messages within earshot. A message with an unfamiliar foreign accent. All sensory messages.

A message with an unfamiliar foreign accent.

It was presented how self-regulation (self-control) is based upon our inner cognitive resources. Using our basic knowledge of the gospel, what might we conclude about self-regulation? It is necessary for the individual to control oneself and choose good. Self-regulation is a good thing that can help us progress eternally. Self-regulation can be strengthened, particularly as we pray for help and go through life experiences. All of these.

All of these.

Which of the following everyday scenarios is most likely to support what the early selection approach would say about how attention will effect the performance of the two tasks involved? Driving home while thinking about a problem at work. Reading a novel while walking on a treadmill. Humming a familiar song while washing dishes. Conversing on the phone while doing a crossword puzzle.

Conversing on the phone while doing a crossword puzzle.

Which of the following is most closely associated with Treisman's attenuation theory of selective attention? Late selection Stroop experiments Precueing Dictionary unit

Dictionary unit

Suppose you are in your kitchen writing a grocery list, while your roommate is watching TV in the next room. A commercial for spaghetti sauce comes on TV. Although you are not paying attention to the TV, you "suddenly" remember that you need to pick up spaghetti sauce and add it to the list. Your behavior is best predicted by which of the following models of attention? Object-based Early selection Spotlight Late selection

Late selection

In Broadbent's filter model, the stages of information processing occur in which order? Detector, filter, sensory store, memory Sensory store, filter, detector, memory Filter, detector, sensory store, memory Detector, sensory store, filter, memory

Sensory store, filter, detector, memory

What is the cocktail party effect? The ability to pay attention to one message and ignore others, yet hear distinctive features of the unattended messages. The inability to pay attention to one message in the presence of competing messages. The diminished awareness of information in a crowd. The equal division of attention between competing messages.

The ability to pay attention to one message and ignore others, yet hear distinctive features of the unattended messages.

Which experimental result caused problems for Broadbent's filter model of selective attention? A result where listeners don't notice words presented up to 35 times in the unattended ear. A result where listeners can shadow a message presented in the attended ear. The result of Cherry's experiment demonstrating the cocktail party phenomenon. The result of the "Dear Aunt Jane" experiment.

The result of the "Dear Aunt Jane" experiment.

According to the discussion of self-control (self-regulation) in the class slides, we can likely conclude that any self-control effort is doomed to fail eventually all self-control efforts draw upon a similar cognitive inner resource self-control is sheer willpower and determination of the person we cannot hope to gain more self-control until we are older and have more patience

all self-control efforts draw upon a similar cognitive inner resource

Stimuli we are consciously aware of lie within the field known as our attention. covert selective attenuated overt

covert

If you are folding towels that have just come out of the laundry while watching television, you may find that you don't have to pay much attention to the process of folding the towels. This sort of familiar task that does not require much of your attention would be an example of a/an task. attenuated high-load low-load filtered

low-load

Suppose twin teenagers are vying for their mother's attention. The mother is trying to pay attention to one of her daughters, though both girls are talking (one about her boyfriend, one about a school project). According to the operating characteristics of Treisman's attenuator, it is most likely the attenuator is analyzing the incoming messages in terms of . physical characteristics language meaning direction

meaning

The main difference between early and late selection models of attention is that in late selection models, selection of stimuli for final processing doesn't occur until the information is analyzed for . modality meaning physical characteristics location

meaning

According to Muraven and Baumeister (2000), self-control (self-regulation) is like a/an . sponge iceberg muscle computer

muscle

The use of a machine that tracks the movement of one's eyes can help reveal the shifting of one's attention. overt covert divided dichotic

overt

The "filter model" proposes that the filter identifies the attended message based on . meaning modality physical characteristics higher order characteristics

physical characteristic

When a person is shadowing a message, he or she is . silently following it mentally ignoring it while paying attention to another message saying the message out loud thinking about something closely related to the message

saying the message out loud

When Sam listens to his girlfriend Susan in the restaurant and ignores other people's conversations, he is engaged in the process of attention. low load divided cocktail party selective

selective

In a dichotic listening experiment, refers to the procedure that is used to force participants to pay attention to a specific message in one ear among competing messages in the other ear. rehearsing shadowing echoing delayed repeating

shadowing

According to your text, the ability to divide attention depends on all of the following except . practice the type of tasks the difficulty of the tasks task cueing

task cueing

With the Stroop effect, you would expect to find longest response times when . the color and the name matched the color and the name differed the shape and the name matched the shape and the name differed

the color and the name differed

Broadbent's model is called an early selection model because . the filter eliminates unattended information right at the beginning of the flow of information the filtering step occurs before the information enters the sensory store only a select set of environmental information enters the system incoming information is selected by the detector

the filter eliminates unattended information right at the beginning of the flow of

Research on the use of cell phones while driving indicates that . the negative effect can be decreased by using "hands-free" units the problem with cell phones is that attention is distracted from the task of driving by the need to hold the phone and drive with one hand the main effect of cell phone use on driving safety can be attributed to the fact that attention is used up by the cognitive task of talking on the phone none of these

the main effect of cell phone use on driving safety can be attributed to the fact that attention is used up by the cognitive task of talking on the phone

Eye tracking studies investigating attention as we carry out actions such as making a peanut butter sandwich shows that a person's eye movements . usually followed a motor action by a fraction of a second were influenced by unusual objects placed in the scene were determined primarily by the task continually scanned all objects and areas of the scene.

were determined primarily by the task