Chapter 07. The Media

fake news

A widely circulated story that the pope endorsed Donald Trump for president in 2016 was a good example of

Digital media

the most open to new participants such as citizen journalists

broadcast media

broadest reach of all news sources

Although completely objective reporting is unattainable because people inevitably have biases that shape their understanding of events, journalists attempt to be objective by reporting both sides of a story.

Which of the following statements best characterizes the traditional news media's relationship to objectivity?

Social media tend to be a secondary news source after television for most Americans but a primary news source for the young.

Which of the following statements best describes where younger and older Americans get their news?

Target individuals by zip code in Google, and run political ads expressing their opinion on Facebook.

A campaign for the 2020 presidential election plans to target voters through Google, Twitter, and Facebook. Which of the following approaches is possible?

1st Amendment (The First Amendment covers such important freedoms as the press, religion, and speech.)

Freedom of the press is found in the ______ Amendment.

-Agenda-setting -framing

________ is the power the media has to shape what issues Americans think about, and ________ is the power the media has to influence how Americans think about those issues.

whistle-blowers.

Low-level officials who hope to publicize what they view as their bosses' or the government's improper activities are usually called

information literacy.

The ability to find and effectively evaluate information online is referred to as

More

The media have been ________ aggressive in investigating the government in recent years than it used to be.

Cheap, tabloid style newspaper produced in the nineteenth century. or rose to popularity in the 1800s

What was the penny press?

-Individuals expressing less popular viewpoints may find it difficult to get media exposure. -A smaller number of companies control the media's agenda setting power.

Which of the following are consequences of the current increase in media monopolies?

the concentration of media ownership by a few large corporations.

What is a media monopoly?

television

Despite its widespread availability, ________ typically report(s) on the narrowest range of topics and provide(s) the least depth of news coverage.

the best way to appeal to a large audience is to produce a standardized, neutral news product

Which of the following was most responsible for the development of professionalized journalists and the norm of "objectivity" in newspapers?

The profit motive of the news industry. Stories about Trump were much more likely to be consumed and thus attracted more advertising dollars.

During the 2016 campaign, Hillary Clinton received half the amount of media coverage as Donald Trump. Which of the following is the best explanation why this came to be?

More Less

Readers of online news from major traditional news organizations are _____ knowledgeable than average citizens. Those who get their political news mainly from highly partisan sources are ________ knowledgeable than average citizens.

had very little impact on the average levels of political knowledge in the American public.

The dramatic rise in political information and the increasing diversity of the media have

excluding the personal views of reporters or editors from their coverage.

The traditional news media aim to provide objective reporting on current events by

Decisions are primarily by what the audience wants

How does the profit motive affect the media in America?

right of rebuttal

If a radio station airs a conservative commentator's critique of a liberal author and does not allow the author an opportunity to appear on air, what regulation could it have violated?

-AM radio -FM radio -television stations

Which of the following media forms is the Federal Communications Commission able to regulate content on?

enabling privately owned companies to advertise their products to the public.

All of the following are important roles for the media in American democracy EXCEPT A.helping inform the public about current political issues and events. B.providing a forum through which candidates, politicians, and even the public can debate policies and issues. C.enabling privately owned companies to advertise their products to the public. D.serving as a watchdog on the actions of politicians and other political actors.

-priming - agenda setting

Following the terrorist attacks of September 11 2001 the media wrote many stories about President Bush's performance on protecting the nation from terrorism and few stories on the economy. what two means of media influene is this an example of

equal time rule.

If a television station sold commercial time to a Republican candidate for governor but refused to sell time to the Democratic candidate for governor, this station would be in violation of the

-increased -remained constant

In the past twenty years, the number of media sources has __________ In that same period of time, political knowledge in the electorate has __________

the most open to new participants such as citizen journalists-Digital media broadest reach of all news sources-Broadcast media oldest form of media-Newspapers features the most interaction between audience and the press-Digital media

Match each type of media source to its relevant characteristics.

Restrictions on media ownership have been relaxed

How has the media landscape changed as the FCC's regulatory powers changed in the past several decades?

Picture Correct Answer(s) Fox News was significantly more popular with Trump voters than with voters in general. Both Clinton and Trump voters were more likely to get their news from television than other sources. Incorrect Answer(s) Facebook was the dominant news medium for most voters. Both Clinton and Trump voters were more likely to get their news from the same television sources.

Identify the correct and incorrect statements about the differences in media consumption between Trump and Clinton voters.

television

Which of the following news sources reaches the most Americans?

Framing Framing Priming (The news media affect us in subtle, but important. By interpreting an issue in a particular way, the news media frame the issue, thus affecting the opinions people hold on it. By reporting on some issues or other criteria over others, the news media prime individuals to use criteria to evaluate candidates for political office.)

One way the news media affect the public is through___________ , which is the power of the media to influence how events or issues are interpreted and understood. Through _______________, the news media can influence the opinions that people form on a particular issue or policy. Another way the news media can shape politics is through ____________ which occurs when an issue or other criteria becomes important in evaluating political candidates as a result of news coverage.

There are multiple social media sources that individuals can use to get news.

Study the graphic, and then answer the following question.

Digital media

features the most interaction between audience and the press

newpaper

oldest form of media

it has supported publication of leaked information

How has the Supreme Court responded to newspapers' attempts to publish leaked information?

news aggregator Do not (News aggregators play an important role in helping individuals discover stories they might have missed.)

Sites such as Google News and RealClearPolitics are considered ________, in that they mostly _______produce their own original content but instead compile news from other sources.

the digital divide.

The fact that only 63% of high school graduates have broadband internet access at home, while almost 90% of college graduates do, is an example of

broadcasters who aired controversial issues provide time for opposing viewpoints.

The fairness doctrine required that

the newspaper industry's reluctance to alienate readers with liberal or conservative political views.

The practice of training reporters to produce a standardized, seemingly neutral news product was the result of

The best way to appeal to a large audience is to produce a standardized, neutral news product. (By offering a neutral viewpoint, journalists appealed to audiences of both parties. This allowed news organizations to maximize their profit.)

What was most responsible for the development of professionalized journalists and the norm of "objectivity" in newspapers?

How the media frame the bill

When politicians fight over calling a bill "health care reform" or "health care rationing," what are they trying to shape?

When a candidate exceeds the medias expectations (In 2020, Joe Biden outperformed expectations in the early South Carolina primary, which led to more favorable coverage by the media.)

When running for office, when is a political candidate most likely to benefit from the media's agenda-setting role?

-monitor the government and politicians for wrongdoing -inform the public about current political issues -provide a forum for politicians to debate policies

Which functions do the media serve in a democracy?

television

Which media source is regulated by the federal government?

-Diversity -Depth -Convenience -Currency -Cost

Which of the following are advantages to online news?

Online (Citizen journalism in general, and social media in particular, facilitates the rapid spread of information.)

Which news source is most likely to report on a story about riots or protests first?

Correct Answer(s) equal time provision right of rebuttal Incorrect Answer(s) fairness doctrine

Which of the following federal regulations on the media are still in effect?

Disney

Which of the following is a good example of a media monopoly?

citizen journalism.

Which term describes news reported and distributed by ordinary people, rather than professional journalists?