CHAPTER 1

Which leading behaviorist proposed the law of effect?

Edward Thorndike

Which of the following statements is an example of humanistic influence?

I heard what you're saying

Which of the following is the major precept of the British philosophical school of empiricism?

The mind is a blank slate at birth that gets filled with ideas gained by observing the world.

A biological psychologist studies how amphetamine affects aggression in rhesus monkeys. However, to the researcher's surprise, the experimental results differ for isolated monkeys versus monkeys in a colony. What is missing from this experiment?

The social psychology perspective

Which of the following was a leading cognitive psychologist?

Ulric Neisser

Which of these questions might interest a clinical psychologist?

What can be done to help a person whose behavior has become abnormal

Which of these questions might interest a developmental psychologist?

Why do children generally learn and remember languages better than adults?

The group of early 20th-century German psychologists who founded Gestalt psychology included Kurt Koffka, Max Wertheimer, and ____

Wolfgang Köhler

Sharon studies the structure of nerve cells in order to determine how humans form memories. Sharon is a _____ psychologist.

biological

Carl Rogers, a leading humanist, developed the approach of ____.

client-centered therapy

Eric has held a part-time job in a community mental health center throughout college. He values his interactions with the clients and is known for remaining calm during high-stress situations at the clinic. He may be most interested in the ____ track of psychology.

clinical or counseling

Clinical psychology seeks to _____

explain, define, and treat abnormal behaviors

Evolutionary psychology is a modern extension of ____

functionalism

What is the approach to psychology that sees behavior as purposeful and contributing to survival?

functionalism

New and innovative methods have allowed psychologists to observe brain activity and revisit questions of mental processes. What quality was introduced to psychological research through the use of these methods?

objectivity (facts)

While writing a research paper examining the theoretical view of Wilhelm Wundt, Jackson notes that Wundt believed the mind constructs an overall perception ____.

out of building blocks made up of separate sensations and emotional responses

Biological psychologists are interested in the _____ mechanisms associated with behavior.

physical

Ancient Greek philosophers ____.

provided natural explanations for their observations

Evolutionary psychology attempts to explain how our physical structure and behavior have been shaped by their contributions to our species' _____.

survival

it is difficult for others to confirm an individual's subjective introspections; therefore, this approach does not lend itself well to ____.

the scientific method

Social psychology describes how ____ affect(s) the behavior of individuals.

the social environment

Which of the following proverbs best describes Gestalt theory?

the whole is greater than the sum of its parts

Cognitive psychology focuses on the processes of _____.

thinking

The fact that psychology connects to so many other disciplines means that it is sometimes called a _____.

hub science

John B. Watson was ____.

leading behaviorist