Chapter 1

If blood glucose levels decrease from normal, which of the following changes takes place to bring glucose levels back to normal?

Decrease in insulin; increase in glucagon

Damage to the _______ of a neuron would interfere with its ability to receive sensory input from its surrounding environment

Dendrites

Which of the following is a function of simple squamous epithelium? Protection Diffusion Distinction Transport through ciliary action

Diffusion

Which glands are primarily responsible for thermoregulation?

Eccrine sweat glands

In a feedback loop, the integrating center sends information to the ...

Effector

What does physiology do?

Emphasizes cause and effect mechanisms

When blood glucose levels rise, the pancreatic islets are stimulated to release insulin, which acts on target cells to uptake glucose from the blood. Thus, the islets serve as the ____ in the feedback loop.

effector, integrating center, and sensors

The primary stimulus for insulin secretion is _____.

increased blood glucose concentrations

The study of how disease or injury alters physiological processes

pathophysiology

The normal range of arterial blood pH

7.35 - 7.45

The normal range of blood glucose concentration after fasting

75 to 110mg/100ml

A decrease in mean arterial pressure is detected by _____.

A sensor

The ____ is a protein and polysaccharide layer that attaches epithelial tissue to the underlying connective tissue.

Basement membrane

Which type of connective tissue is characterized by a liquid extracellular matrix?

Blood

Neuroglia are supporting cells present in the ...

Brain and spinal cord

What protein is present in large amounts in connective tissue proper?

Collagen

Which of the following is NOT a function of neuroglia? Bind neurons together Help nourish neurons Conduct impulses to effectors Modify the extracellular environment of neurons

Conduct impulses to effectors

What produces "goosebumps" ?

Contraction of the arrector pili muscle

Cells that are as wide as they are tall have a ______ shape.

Cuboidal

Both ______ and ______ are the regulators of effector in most feedback loops.

Hormones and nerve impulses

The endocrine and nervous systems are considered ______ homeostatic regulatory mechanisms.

Extrinsic

T or F: Blood clotting is an example of positive feedback since the action of the effector opposes that of the stimulus

False

T or F: Blood plasma and interstitial fluid are separate from each other; therefore, there is little communication and exchange from these fluids.

False

Which of the following is a characteristic of smooth muscle? Fibers are striated in appearance Attached to the skeleton by tendons Intercalated discs connect adjacent cells Found in the walls of digestive tract

Found in the walls of digestive tract

Homeostatic regulatory mechanisms known as ______ are "built-in" to the organs being regulated.

Intrinsic

Which of the following is FALSE regarding the extracellular fluid compartment? It is made up of blood plasma and interstitial fluid It's volume is regulated by the kidneys It makes up 65% of the total body water It communicated with the intracellular fluid compartment

It makes up 65% of the total body water

Which types of connections allow epithelial cells to form strong membranes

Junctional complexes

Which of the following is the main characteristic of connective tissue Large amount of closely packed cells Large amount of extracellular material The ability to conduct a current Small amount of extracellular material

Large amount of extracellular material

Intercalated discs couple ______ cells both mechanically and electrically.

Myocardial

The control of hormone secretion by its own effects is called ___.

Negative feedback inhibition

Which of the following is NOT a primary tissue of the body: Nervous, epithelial, muscular, Osseous

Osseous

When a vessel is damaged, chemical are released from the vessel walls that attract platelets to the site of the damage. As they accumulate, more chemicals that attract more platelets to the area until the bleeding stops. This represents _____ feedback, with the platelets acting as the ______.

Positive; integrating center

How does the skin protect a person from the ultraviolet rays of the sun?

Produces melanin

A single layer of irregularly shaped epithelial cells found lining the respiratory tract is called _____.

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

Contraction of ______ muscle can be consciously controlled.

Skeletal

Which of the following is NOT an example of an exocrine gland? Mucous gland that secrete onto respiratory passages Sweat gland that secretes onto skin Salivary gland that secretes into mouth Testes cells that secrete testosterone into blood

Testes cells that secrete testosterone into blood

Estrogen levels cause both increased and decreased hormone secretion from the anterior pituitary and hypothalamus at various points in the menstrual cycle. This indicates that _____.

The ovaries serve as the integrating center in a feedback loop with the anterior pituitary and hypothalamus.

Dynamic constancy is a term used to describe homeostasis. Which of the following is NOT an example of dynamic constancy?

The pancreas releasing insulin when the blood glucose levels are significantly elevated

T or F: By affecting the diameter of cutaneous blood vessels, motor nerve fibers in the skin can regulate the rate of blood flow.

True

T or F: The study of disease processes aids the understanding of normal functions

True

You examine a sample of muscle tissue under the microscope, and it has striped, or striated appearance. This sample could NOT have been taken from which of the following: muscle of thigh, wall of digestive tract, wall of heart chamber, muscle of the forearm

Wall of the digestive tract