Chapter 1
1. SMP in OS stands for ___________ A) Symmetric Multiprocessing B) Standard Motor Products C) Scale Model Products D) Shanghai Municipal Police
A) Symmetric Multiprocessing
T/F: Solid state disks are considered volatile storage
False
T/F: The operating system kernel consists of all system and application programs in a computer
False
T/F: UNIX does not allow users to escalate privileges to gain extra permissions for a restricted activity
False
Which of the following error will be handled by the operating system? a.) power failure b.) lack of paper in printer c.) connection failure in the network d.) all the above
d.) all the above
By the operating system, the resource management can be done via a.) time division multiplexing b.) space division multiplexing c.) both time and space division multiplexing d.) none of the mentioned
d.) none of the mentioned
secondary storage
extension of main memory that provides large nonvolatile storage capacity
hard interrupt
hardware
if a process fails, most operating systems write error information to a
log file
The OS X has
microkernel
can ROM be changed?
no, ROM is fixed
throughput
number of processes that complete their execution per time unit
operating systems goals
-execute user programs and make solving user problems easier -make the computer system convenient to use -use the computer hardware in an efficient manner
another name for clock
oscillator
resource allocator
-the OS is one -manages all resources -decides between conflicting requests for efficient and fair resource use
main memory
-the only large storage media that the CPU can access directly -uses random access and typically volatile
Which of the following is a property of peer-to-peer systems? A) Clients and servers are not distinguished from one another. B) Separate machines act as either the client or the server but not both. C) They do not offer any advantages over traditional client-server systems. D)They suffer from the server acting as the bottleneck in performance
A) Clients and servers are not distinguished from one another.
A _____ provides a file-system interface that allows clients to create and modify files. A) compute-server system B) file-server system C) wireless network D) network computer
B) file-server system
Two important design issues for cache memory are ____. A) speed and volatility B) size and replacement policy C) power consumption and reusability D)size and access privileges
B) size and replacement policy
Which of the following would lead you to believe that a given system is an SMP-type system? A) Each processor is assigned a specific task. B) There is a boss-worker relationship between the processors. C) Each processor performs all tasks within the operating system. D)None of the above
C) Each processor performs all tasks within the operating system.
Which statement concerning privileged instructions is considered false? A) They may cause harm to the system. B) They can only be executed in kernel mode. C) They cannot be attempted from user mode. D) They are used to manage interrupts.
C) They cannot be attempted from user mode.
A(n) ____ is a custom build of the Linux operating system. A) LiveCD B) installation C) distribution D) VMWare Player
C) distribution
__________ is a set of software frameworks that provide additional services to application developers. A) System programs B) Virtualization C) Cloud computing D) Middleware
D) Middleware
Describe why direct memory access (DMA) is considered an efficient mechanism for performing I/O
Direct memory access (DMA) is an efficient mechanism for performing I/O because it is able to move large amounts of data between I/O devices and main memory. It is efficient because it does not make the CPU responsible for moving data but rather, the DMA instructs the device controller to move the data.
T/F: Processors for most mobile devices run at a slower speed than a processor in a desktop PC.
True
T/F: Solid state disks are generally faster than magnetic disks
True
T/F: There is no universally accepted definition of an operating system
True
T/F: Virtually all modern operating systems provide support for SMP
True
caching
copying information into a faster storage system; main memory can be viewed as a cache for secondary storage
how is an OS driven?
interrupt driven
CPU utilization
keep the CPU as busy as possible
short term
takes care of ready queue to running queue
short term scheduler
takes care of ready queue to running queue
can RAM be changed?
yes
Bluetooth and 802.11 devices use wireless technology to communicate over several feet, in essence creating a ____. A) local-area network B) wide-area network C) small-area network D) metropolitan-area network
C) small-area network
types of schedulers
-short term -medium term -long term
soft interrupt (exception or trap)
-software error -request for operating system service
storage hierarchy
-speed -cost -volatility
scheduler
-takes care of making decision -decision maker (code) -fairness is very important
Medium-term scheduler
-takes care of running queue to waiting queue -determines I/O in the file system -I/O swap in/out -swapping from CPU to harddisk
control program
-the OS is one -controls execution of programs to prevent errors and improper use of the computer
polling
-type of interrupt -interrupt controller sends out a poll to each device to determine which one made the request
Embedded computers typically run on a ____ operating system. A) real-time B) Windows XP C) network D) clustered
A) real-time
scheduling criteria
-CPU utilization -throughput -turnaround time -waiting time -response time
computer system components
-Hardware (CPU, memory, I/O devices) -OS (controls and coordinates the use of hardware among applications and users) -Application Programs (word processors, compilers, web browsers) -Users (people, machines, other computers)
What is an operating system?
-collection of programs that manages hardware resources -system service provider to the application programs -link to interface the hardware and application programs
interrupt vector
-contain the addresses of all service routines -how interrupt transfers control to the interrupt service routine
dispatcher
-execution -gives control of the CPU to the process selected by the short-term scheduler -latency
device driver
-for each device controller to manage I/O -provides uniform interface between controller and kernel
bootstrap
-is loaded at powerup or reboot -is stored in ROM or EPROM -initializes all aspects of the system -loads operation system kernel and starts execution
Boostrap program
-loaded at powerup or reboot -stored in ROM or EPROM (firmware) -initialized all aspects of system -loads operating system kernel and starts execution
storage structure
-main memory -secondary storage -hard disks -solid state disks
Why are clustered systems considered to provide high-availability service?
Clustered systems are considered to provide high-availability services because they have redundancies capable of taking over a certain process if it fails. These redundancies are prominent because the cluster systems are comprised of two or more individual systems joined together.
What are some other terms for kernel mode? A) supervisor mode B) system mode C) privileged mode D) All of the above
D) All of the above
The most common secondary storage device is ____. A) random access memory B) solid state disks C) tape drives D) magnetic disk
D) magnetic disk
A ____ can be used to prevent a user program from never returning control to the operating system. A) portal B) program counter C) firewall D) timer
D) timer
The two separate modes of operating in a system are A) supervisor mode and system mode B) kernel mode and privileged mode C) physical mode and logical mode D) user mode and kernel mode
D) user mode and kernel mode
T/F: A dual-core system requires that each core has its own cache memory
False
T/F: A system call is triggered by hardware
False
T/F: All computer systems have some sort of user interaction
False
T/F: Flash memory is slower than DRAM but needs no power to retain its contents
True
T/F: Interrupts may be triggered by either hardware of software.
True
T/F: Operating Systems have two modes: Kernel and User
True
turnaround time
amount of time a process has been waiting in the ready queue
Which one of the following is not a real time operating system? a.) VxWorks b.) Windows CE c.) RTLinux d.) Palm OS
d.) Palm OS
solid state disks
faster than hard disks, nonvolatile
Computer systems can be divided into four approximate components. What are they?
hardware, operating system, application programs, and users
System call
request to the OS to allow user to wait for I/O completion
trap or execution
software-generated interrupt caused either by an error or a user request
to access the services of the operating system, the interface is provided by the
system calls
long term scheduler (job scheduler)
takes care of job queue to ready queue
kernel
the one program running at all times on the computer
thread
the smallest sequence of programmed instructions, *lightweight process*
The main function of the command interpreter is
to get and execute the next user-specified command
In what way is an operating system like a government? A) It seldom functions correctly. B) It creates an environment within which other programs can do useful work. C) It performs most useful functions by itself. D)It is always concerned primarily with the individual's needs.
B) It creates an environment within which other programs can do useful work.
which facility dynamically adds probes to a running system, both in user processes and in the kernel? a.) DTrace b.) DLocate c.) DMap d.) DAdd
a.) DTrace
response time
amount of time it takes from when a request was submitted until the first response is produced, not output
Which of the following is NOT true? a.) kernel is the program that constitutes the central core of the operating system b.) kernel is the first part of operating system to load into memory during booting c.) kernel is made of various modules which can not be loaded in a running operating system d.) kernel remains in the memory during the entire computer session
c.) kernel is made of various modules which can not be loaded in a running operating system
device-status table
contains entry for each I/O device indicating its type, address, and state
hard disks
-rigid metal or glass patters covered with magnetic recording material -disk surface is divided into tracks which are subdivided into sectors -disk controller determines the logical interaction between the device and computer
Which of the following operating systems is not open source? A) Windows B) BSD UNIX C) Linux D) PCLinuxOS
A) Windows
A clustered system ____. A) gathers together multiple CPUs to accomplish computational work B) is an operating system that provides file sharing across a network C) is used when rigid time requirements are present D) can only operate one application at a time
A) gathers together multiple CPUs to accomplish computational work
A(n) ________ is the unit of work in a system. A) process B) operating system C) timer D) mode bit
A) process
Explain why an operating system can be viewed as a resource allocator
An operating system can be viewed as a resource allocator because it acts like a control program because it manages the execution of resources (CPU time, I/O devices, memory space, file-storage space). The operating system decides how to allocate these resources to specific programs and users for effective use of the entire computer system.
Describe the operating system's two modes of operation
An operating system has two modes of operation, the user mode and the kernel mode. The user mode is based on the execution of a user application. The kernel mode transitions from the user mode when a user application requests a service from the operating system by a system call.
Which of the following statements concerning open source operating systems is true? A) Solaris is open source. B) Source code is freely available. C) They are always more secure than commercial, closed systems. D) All open source operating systems share the same set of goals
B) Source code is freely available.
____ operating systems are designed primarily to maximize resource utilization. A) PC B) Handheld computer C) Mainframe D) Network
C) Mainframe
Which of the following statements is false? A) Mobile devices must be concerned with power consumption. B) Mobile devices can provide features that are unavailable on desktop or laptop computers. C) The difference in storage capacity between a mobile device and laptop is shrinking. D) Mobile devices usually have fewer processing cores than a standard desktop computer.
C) The difference in storage capacity between a mobile device and laptop is shrinking.
process
a program in execution, takes jobs