Chapter 1 Biology

The illustration above represents (CH 1, Q. 12)

) a map of a network of protein interactions within a eukaryotic cell

Which of these is reflective of the hierarchical organization of life from most to least inclusive?

) kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species

Life is diverse. How many species are estimated to be presently on the earth?

1,800,000

When applying the process of science, which of these is tested?

A prediction

Which of the following is (are) true of natural selection?

A) requires genetic variation B) results in descent with modification C) involves differential reproductive success

Evolution is biologyȇs core theme that ties together all the other themes. This is because evolution explains

ALL OF THE ABOVE

A localized group of organisms that belong to the same species is called a

All forms of life are composed of cells that have a membrane- enclosed nucleus.

Which of the following is a false statement regarding DNA?

All forms of life are composed of cells that have a membrane- enclosed nucleus.

Two species that belong to the same genus must also belong to the same

All of the abover

A water sample from a hot thermal vent contained a single- celled organism that had a cell wall but lacked a nucleus. What is its most likely classification?

Archaea

Prokaryotes are classified as belonging to two different domains. What are the domains?

Bacteria and Archaea

All of the following statements are part of Charles Darwinȇs concept of natural selection except

Characteristics of organisms are inherited as genes on chromosomes.

The method of scientific inquiry that describes natural structures and processes as accurately as possible through careful observation and the analysis of data is known as

DISCOVERY SCIENCE

Collecting data based on observation is an example of __________; analyzing this data to reach a conclusion is an example of __________ reasoning

DISCOVERY SCIENCE; INDUCTIVE

Which of the following is a false statement regarding deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)?

DNA is an enzyme that puts together amino acids to make a protein.

TorF: A common form of regulation in which accumulation of an end product of a process slows that process is called positive feedback

FALSE

TorF: A theory in science is equivalent in scope to a well- structured hypothesis.

FALSE

TorF: Charles Darwin presented verifiable evidence that supported the view that life can arise by spontaneous generation

FALSE

TorF: The goal of systems biology is to construct models to predict the emergent properties of cells

FALSE

Species that are in the same __________ are more closely related than species that are only in the same __________.

Family; Order

In a hypothetical world, every 50 years people over 6 feet tall are eliminated from the population. Based on your knowledge of natural selection, you would predict that the average height of the human population will

GRADUALLY DECLINE

Which of these is based on a deduction?

If I turn the key in the ignition while stepping on the gas pedal, then my car will start.

Which of these is a correct representation of the hierarchy of biological organization from least to most complex?

Molecule, intestinal cell organelle, intestinal cell, intestinal tissue, digestive system, organism

) Through time, the lineage that led to modern whales shows a change from four- limbed land animals to aquatic animals with two limbs that function as flippers. This change is best explained by

NATURAL SELECTION

Once labor begins in childbirth, contractions increase in intensity and frequency until delivery. The increasing labor contractions of childbirth are an example of

Positive feedback

Which of the following statements concerning prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells is not correct?

Prokaryotic cells contain small membrane- enclosed organelles.

TorF: Discovery science has contributed much to our understanding of nature without most of the steps of the so- called scientific method.

TRUE

TorF: Discovery science uses inductive reasoning to derive generalizations from a large number of specific observations.

TRUE

TorF: In hypothesis- based science, deductive reasoning is used to predict a result that would be found if a particular hypothesis is correct.

TRUE

TorF: Recent evidence points to the conclusion that the ancestral finches of the Galapagos originated in the islands of the Caribbean

TRUE

TorF: Science requires that hypothesis be testable and falsifiable and that observations be repeatable.

TRUE

The application of scientific knowledge for some specific purpose is known as

Technology

Which of these provides evidence of the common ancestry of all life?

The universality of the genetic code

Why is it important that an experiment include a control group?

Without a control group, there is no basis for knowing if a particular result is due to the variable being tested or to some other factor.

All the organisms on your campus make up

a community

What is a hypothesis?

a tentative explanation that can be tested and is falsifiable

Which of the following properties or processes do we associate with living things?

all of the above

Which of these individuals is most likely to be successful in an evolutionary sense?

an organism that dies after 5 days of life but leaves 10 offspring, all of whom survive to reproduce

Which of the following types of cells utilize deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) as their genetic material but do not have their DNA encased within a nuclear envelope?

archaea

The lowest level of biological organization that can perform all the activities required for life is the

cell_for example, a skin cell.

A filamentous organism has been isolated from decomposing organic matter. This organism has a cell wall but no chloroplasts. How would you classify this organism?

domain Eukarya, kingdom Fungi

Which of the following is reflective of the phrase of the whole is greater than the sum of its partsȈ?

emergent properties

A type of protein critical to all cells is organic catalysts called

enzymes

Charles Darwin proposed a mechanism for descent with modification which stated that organisms of a particular species are adapted to their environment when they possess

inheritable traits that enhance their survival and reproductive success in the local environment.

The main source of energy for producers in an ecosystem is?

light energy.

Which of the following sequences represents the hierarchy of biological organization from the least to the most complex level?

molecule, cell, organ system, population, ecosystem, biosphere

When blood glucose level rises, the pancreas secretes insulin, and as a result blood glucose level declines. When blood glucose level is low, the pancreas secretes glucagon, and as a result blood glucose level rises. Such regulation of blood glucose level is the result of

negative feedback

Which of the following is a correct sequence of levels in lifeȇs hierarchy, proceeding downward from an individual animal?

nervous system, brain, nervous tissue, nerve cell

In order to understand the chemical basis of inheritance, one must understand the molecular structure of DNA. This is an example of the application of __________ to the study of biology.

reductionism

Which of the following is not a theme that unifies biology?

reductionism

Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells generally have which of the following features in common?

ribosomes

In terms of the hierarchical organization of life, a bacterium is at the __________ level of organization, whereas a human is at the __________ level of organization.

single- celled organism; multicellular organism

For most ecosystems __________ is (are) the ultimate source of energy, and energy leaves the ecosystem in the form of __________.

sunlight; heat

Which branch of biology is concerned with the naming and classifying of organisms?

taxonomy

The dynamics of any ecosystem include the following major processes:

the flow of energy from sunlight to producers and then to consumers, and the recycling of chemical nutrients.

Organisms interact with their environments, exchanging matter and energy. For example, plant chloroplasts convert the energy of sunlight into...

the potential energy of chemical bonds.

A controlled experience is one in which

there are at least two groups, one of which does not receive the experimental treatment.