Chapter 1: Intro to Psychology
Each theoretical perspective has a position somewhere on the "nature vs. nurture" debate. Which of the following perspectives would likely emphasize nurture more than nature? (Select all that apply.)
Behavioral Humanistic
________ is an approach that concentrates on what the mind does and the role of behavior in allowing people to adapt to their environment.
Functionalism
____________ is an approach that concentrates on what the mind does and the role of behavior in allowing people to adapt to their environment.
Functionalism
_____________ is an approach that concentrates on what the mind does and the role of behavior in allowing people to adapt to their environment.
Functionalism
________ psychology emphasizes how perception is organized.
Gestalt
__________ psychology is an approach that focuses on the idea that the whole is different from the sum of its parts.
Gestalt
_____________ psychology emphasizes how perception is organized.
Gestalt
Which subfield of psychology includes both psychological factors and physical diseases?
Health
True or false: Most psychologists who are self-employed treat clients.
True
The ______ perspective in psychology considers how the body's functioning affects hopes and fears.
neuroscience
The growing area of genetics and gene therapy may allow psychologists to focus on ______ of psychological disorders rather than on ______ only.
prevention, treatment
The perspective of psychology that focuses primarily on unconscious behavior is
psychodynamic
The field of ________________ is involved in the scientific study of behavior and mental processes.
psychology
Darwin believed that natural selection determined our physical traits. Evolutionary psychologists believe that natural selection determines our _______.
social behaviors
If treating someone for depression, a humanist might focus on
their goals and aspirations
In trying to help someone deal with a mental illness, the psychodynamic perspective suggests that we should explore
unconscious processes
In the United States, (women/men) outnumber (women/men) in the field of psychology.
women, men
Somebody who says "I can make my own destiny," is endorsing what psychological concept?
Free will
What is the perspective of psychology that focuses on the uniqueness of each individual rather than similarities between people?
Humanistic
Which procedure was favored by structuralists over functionalists?
Introspection
Which of the following is true of the neuroscience perspective?
It emphasizes that the brain is central to understanding behavior, thought, and emotion.
Of the following, who was associated with the gestalt movement?
Max Wertheimer
Which psychological perspective examines how the brain and the nervous system affect behavior?
Neuroscience perspective
Who established the first laboratory in Leipzig, Germany devoted to psychological research?
Wilhelm Wundt
The person who led the challenge to Wundt's approach of introspection as a scientific technique was ______, who led the functionalist movement.
William James
The major perspective of psychology that focuses on both individual differences and universal principles is
behavioral
The only perspective of the big five in psychology that emphasizes observable behavior over internal mental processes is
behavioral
The cognitive perspective views the human mind somewhat like a _______.
computer
The idea that behavior is mostly the result of factors outside of a person's willful control is known as
determinism
The issue of free will is debated again in psychology by the concept of
determinism
The notion that individuals are the victims of forces beyond their control is the concept of
determinism
Determinism is the idea that behavior is a reflection of
factors beyond the control of the individual.
Choices made by an individual exemplify ______ rather than those that are not under our control.
free will
Compared to structuralist, a _____________ would be most interested in the function of the emotion of fear in preparing us to deal with emergency situations.
functionalist
Compared to structuralist, a _________________ would be most interested in the function of the emotion of fear in preparing us to deal with emergency situations.
functionalist
The approach to psychology that focuses on the organization of perception and thinking in a "whole" sense:
gestalt
Unlike clinical psychologists, counseling psychologists help people who are
having difficulty adjusting to new circumstances
Someone taking the nature side of the nature versus nurture debate is arguing for the importance of ______
inheritance
Someone taking the nature side of the nature versus nurture debate is arguing for the importance of ______.
inheritance
A procedure used to study the structure of the mind in which subjects are asked to describe in detail what they are experiencing when they are exposed to a stimulus is called:
introspection
The cognitive approach to the study of psychology focuses on
mental processes
Clinical _________________ is the branch of psychology that unites the areas of neuroscience and clinical psychology.
neuropsychology
Alan is studying heart rate variability in response to anxiety. He is using the _____ perspective to study a psychological phenomenon.
neuroscience
It is hoped that advances in _______ will allow psychologists to focus more on prevention of psychological disorders rather than only treatment.
neuroscience
Experimental psychology is the branch of psychology that studies the processes of _____ about the world. Select all that apply.
sensing thinking learning perceiving
The perspective that focuses on uncovering the fundamental mental components of perception, consciousness, and other mental states is called
structuralism
Unlike counseling psychologists, clinical psychologists help people who are
suffering from serious psychological disorders.
The ______ perspective in psychology focuses on observable behavior rather than inner unconscious forces.
behavioral
Which perspective in psychology focuses on nurture over nature?
Behavioral
Which perspective is being practiced when a psychologist focuses on the activities a person is engaging in, and not the thoughts or feelings the person has?
Behavioral
_____ genetics is an area in psychology that focuses on biological mechanisms.
Behavioral
______________ _______________ is the subfield of psychology that focuses on how the brain and the nervous system determine behavior.
Behavioral neuroscience
What is the area of psychology that focuses on the origin of psychological disorders in biological factors?
Clinical neuropsychology
Which perspective in psychology takes the view of both nature and nurture?
Cognitive
Select the five major perspectives in the field psychology today.
Cognitive Neuroscience Psychodynamic Behavioral Humanistic
Which two perspectives in psychology emphasize free will over determinism?
Cognitive and humanistic
Which subfield of psychology focuses primarily on educational, social, and career adjustment problems?
Counseling psychology
___________ psychology considers how behavior is influenced by our genetic inheritance from our ancestors.
Evolutionary
______________ psychology considers how behavior is influenced by our genetic inheritance from our ancestors.
Evolutionary
___________ psychology is the branch of psychology that studies the processes of sensing, perceiving, learning, and thinking about the world.
Experimental
____________ psychology is the branch of psychology that studies the processes of sensing, perceiving, learning, and thinking about the world.
Experimental
True or false: Functionalism focuses on the mind's structure.
False
_________ psychology focuses on the consistency in people's behavior over time and the traits that differentiate one person from another.
Personality
Which of the following are included in cognitive psychology?
Problem solving Thinking Decision making Judging Language
The position of determinism is supported by which major perspective?
Psychodynamic
_________ psychology is the study of how people's thoughts, feelings, and actions are affected by others.
Social
psychology is the study of how people's thoughts, feelings, and actions are affected by others.
Social
Which perspective focuses on uncovering the fundamental mental components of perception, consciousness, thinking, emotions, and other kinds of mental states?
Structuralism
______ focused on uncovering the fundamental mental components of mental states and activities, ______ focused on the purpose of mental activity and the role of behavior in allowing people to adapt to their environments.
Structuralism, functionalism
A psychologist taking the humanistic perspective to study how people change during college would be most interested in which of the following?
The student's dreams for the future.
A psychologist taking the psychodynamic perspective to study how people change during college would be most interested in which of the following?
The unconscious motives that led the student to attend college in the first place.
Which determinant of behavior is the main position of neuroscience psychology?
Unconscious
Europe has more than 290,000 working psychologists, however, most research is conducted in the ______.
United States
Hermann Ebbinghaus and Max ______ led the gestalt movement.
Wertheimer
_____ developed the first laboratory devoted to psychological research.
Wundt
A gestalt psychologist would want to know what information when trying to understand phenomena?
Your overall perception of an object.
Behavioral genetics explores how we inherit behavioral traits and the ____ influences on those traits.
environmental
Behavioral genetics explores how we inherit behavioral traits and the __________ influences on those traits.
environmental
Gestalt psychologists have made substantial contributions to our understanding of:
perception
The branch of developmental psychology that would study how your traits are different from your sister's traits is called ______ psychology.
personality