Chapter 1 introduction to materials science and engineering

Metal and alloy properties

1. Good electrical and thermal conductivities. 2. Relatively high strength, high stiffness, ductility or formability and shock resistance. 3.particularly useful for structural or load-bearing applications.

Material scientists and engineers not only deal with the development of materials, but also with _____ and ______ of materials and manufacturing processes related to production of components.

1. Synthesis 2. Processing

What are the five groups to classify materials?

1. metals and alloys 2. Ceramics, glasses, and glass-ceramics 3. polymers (plastics) 4. Semiconductors; and 5. Composite materials

Materials engineering

A field of science that emphasizes studies of relationships between the microstructure, synthesis, and processing, and properties of materials.

Materials science and engineering

Am interdisciplinary field concerned with inventing new materials and improving existing materials by developing a deeper understanding of the structure-property-processing-composition relationships between different materials.

__________ is a group of crystalline inorganic materials characterized by good strength, especially in compression, and high melting temperatures.

Ceramics

Physical properties

Characteristics such as color, elasticity, electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, magnetism, and optical behavior that generally are not significantly influenced by forces acting on a material.

_______ are a group of materials formed from mixtures of metals, ceramics, or polymers in such a manner that unusual combinations of properties are obtained. ( ex. Fiber glass)

Composites

The term _______ means the chemical make-up of a material.

Composition

The strain is said to be _____ if the strain goes away after the load or applied stress removed.

Elastic

What is one way to control the materials properties?

If we can understand what has changed microscopically, we can begin to discover ways to control the materials properties.

Understand the primary concepts that define material science and engineering.

In material science, the emphasis is on the underlying relationships between the synthesis and processing, structure, and properties of materials. In materials engineering, the focus is on how to translate or transform materials into useful devices and structures.

What is one of the most important functions of materials scientists and engineers?

Is to establish the relationships between a material or a device's properties and performance and the microstructure of that material, it's composition, and the way the material or the device is synthesized and processed.

What is a materials science and engineering tetrahedron?

It's a diagram that shows the relationship between the performance and cost of a material and how the composition, microstructure, and synthesis/processing are all interconnected and affect the performance-to-cost-ratio.

___________ are the properties of a material, such as strength, that describe how well a material withstands applied forces, including tensile or compressive forces, impact forces, cyclical or fatigue forces, or forces at high temperatures.

Mechanical properties

Which material is used more for load bearing applications?

Metallic materials due to its high strength and their mechanical properties.

What are the types of metals and alloys.

Metals include: 1. Aluminum 2.magnesium 3. Zinc 4. Iron 5. Titanium 6. Copper 7.nickel

The structure at the microscopic scale is known as _________. This has to do with the changes in material properties due to a change in its internal structure.

Microstructure

The strain is said to be _____ if the strain remains after the stress is removed.

Plastic

__________ ___________ is a material composed of many crystals ( as opposed to a single- crystal material that has only one crystal).

Polycrystalline material

_________ is the process by which organic molecules are joined into giant molecules, or polymers.

Polymeriztion

_______ is a group of materials normally obtained by joining organic molecules into giant molecular chains or networks.

Polymers

__________ are polymers containing other additives.

Polymers

The term ______ means how materials are shaped into useful components to cause changes in the properties of different materials.

Processing

_____________ is a group of materials having electrical conductivity between metals and typical ceramics.

Semiconductors

________ _________ is a crystalline material that comprises only one crystal.

Single crystal

A ______ _______ is a material that can sense and respond to an external stimulus such as change I temperature, application of a stress, or change in humidity or chemical environment.

Smart material

The term _____ refers to elongation or change in dimension.

Strain

What is the reaction or stress?

Strain, because applications of "stress" causes "strain."

The ______-____-_______ ______ is the strength of the material divided by its density; materials with a high strength-to—weight ratio are strong but lightweight.

Strength-to-weight ratio

The term ______ refers to loss or force per unit area.

Stress

The term _____ means the arrangement of the atoms, as seen at different levels of detail.

Structure

The term _____ refers to how materials are made from naturally occurring or man-made chemicals.

Synthesis

______________ are a special group of polymers in which molecular chains are entangled but not interconnected . They can be easily melted and formed into useful shapes. Normally, these polymers have a chai like structure.

Thermoplastics

____________ are a special group of polymers that decompose rather than melt upon heating. They are normally quite brittle due to a relatively rigid, three-dimensional network structure.

Thermosets