Chapter 1 maternity
What is the focus of current maternity practice? a. Hospital births for the majority of women b. The traditional family unit c. Separation of labor rooms from delivery rooms d. A quality family experience for each patient
ANS: D Current maternity practice focuses on a high-quality family experience for all families, traditional or otherwise.
What government program was implemented to increase the educational exposure of preschool children? a. WIC b. Title XIX of Medicaid c. The Children's Charter d. Head Start
ANS: D Head Start programs were established to increase educational exposure of preschool children.
What was recommended by Karl Credé in 1884? a. All women should be delivered in a hospital setting. b. Chemical means should be used to combat infection. c. Podalic version should be done on all fetuses. d. Silver nitrate should be placed in the eyes of newborns.
ANS: D In 1884 Karl Credé recommended the use of 2% silver nitrate in the eyes of newborns to reduce the incidence of blindness.
1. A patient chooses to have the certified nurse-midwife (CNM) provide care during her pregnancy. What does the CNM's scope of practice include? a. Practice independent from medical supervision b. Comprehensive prenatal care c. Attendance at all deliveries d. Cesarean sections
ANS. B / The CNM provides comprehensive prenatal and postnatal care,attends uncomplicated deliveries,and ensure a backup physicians is available incase of unforeseen problems.
What non-family-centered policies were prevalent in the 1960s? (Select all that apply.) a. Waiting room for fathers b. Sedation of mother during labor c. Delay of reunion of mother and infant d. Lenient visiting hours e. Restrictions of visitations by minor children
ANS: A, B, C, E Hospital policies in the 1960s provided a separate waiting room for fathers while the mother went through labor in a sedated state. The reunion of mother and infant was delayed for several hours because of the sedation. Visiting hours were rigid and disallowed the visitation of minor children.
9. What guidelines define multidisciplinary patient care in terms of expected outcome and timeframe from different areas of care provision? a. Clinical pathways b. Nursing outcome criteria c. Standards of care d. Nursing care plan
ANS: A Clinical pathways, also known as critical pathways or care maps, are collaborative guidelines that define patient care across disciplines. Expected progress within a specified timeline is identified.
The nurse is clarifying information to a patient regarding diagnosis-related groups (DRGs). What is the nurse's best response when the patient asks how DRGs reduce medical care costs? a. By determining payment based on diagnosis b. By requiring two medical opinions to confirm a diagnosis c. By organizing HMOs d. By defining a person who will require hospitalization
ANS: A DRGs determine the amount of payment and length of hospital stay based on the diagnosis
A patient asks the nurse to explain what is meant by "gene therapy." What is the nurse's best response? a. Gene therapy can replace missing genes. b. Gene therapy evaluates the parent's genes. c. Gene therapy can change the sex of the fetus. d. Gene therapy supports the regeneration of defective genes.
ANS: A Gene therapy can replace missing or defective genes.
6. Who advocated the establishment of the Children's Bureau? a. Lillian Wald b. Florence Nightingale c. Florence Kelly d. Clara Barton
ANS: A Lillian Wald is credited with suggesting the establishment of a federal Children's Bureau.
The nurse reminds family members that the philosophy of family-centered care is to provide control to the family over health care decisions. What is the appropriate term for this type of control? a. Empowerment b. Insight c. Regulation d. Organization
ANS: A The term empowerment refers to the control a family has over its own health care decisions.
What developments in the early 20th century encouraged women to seek hospitalization for childbirth? (Select all that apply.) a. Use of specialized obstetric instruments b. Use of anesthesia c. Physicians' closer relationships with hospitals d. Focus on family-centered care e. Insurance coverage
ANS: A, B, C In the early 1900s, the development of specialized obstetric instruments, better modes of anesthesia, and the physician's reliance on hospital services were instrumental in encouraging women to seek hospitalization for childbirth.
What services are birthing centers able to provide? (Select all that apply.) a. Prenatal care b. Labor and delivery services c. Classes for new mothers d. Adoption referrals e. Family planning
ANS: A, B, C, E Birthing centers are capable of providing full-service obstetric care, classes for new mothers, and family planning. Birthing centers do not offer adoption services.
What is one major advantage to the application of critical thinking? a. Problem-free care b. Limitation of approaches to care c. Decreased need for assessment d. Problem prevention
ANS: D Critical thinking results in problem prevention in designing nursing care.
A patient in the prenatal clinic is concerned about losing her job because of her pregnancy. The nurse instructs her that the Family Medical Leave Act (FMLA) allows an employee to be absent from work without pay. How many weeks does the FMLA allow a woman to recover from childbirth or care for a sick family member without loss of benefits or pay status? a. 4 b. 6 c. 10 d. 12
ANS: D The FMLA allows for employees to leave work for up to 12 weeks to recover from childbirth or to care for an ill family member without losing benefits or pay status.
An urban area has been reported to have a high perinatal mortality rate. What information does this provide? a. Maternal and infant deaths per 100,000 live births per year b. Deaths of fetuses weighing more than 500 g per 10,000 births per year c. Deaths of infants up to 1 year of age per 1000 live births per year d. Fetal and neonatal deaths per 1000 live births per year
ANS: D The perinatal mortality rate includes fetal and neonatal deaths per 1000 live births per year
What is the purpose of the White House Conference on Children and Youth? a. Set criteria for normal growth patterns. b. Examine the number of live births in minority populations. c. Raise money to support well-child clinics in rural areas. d. Promote comprehensive child welfare.
ANS: D White House Conferences on Children and Youth are held every 10 years to promote comprehensive child welfare
The nurse is aware that there is a legal responsibility to report certain diseases and conditions to county or state health authorities. Which would be included? (Select all that apply.) a. Tuberculosis b. Child abuse c. Industrial accidents d. Sexually transmitted diseases e. Foodborne infections
ANS: A, B, D, E The nurse has a legal responsibility to report communicable diseases (such as tuberculosis and sexually transmitted diseases), foodborne infections, child abuse, and threats of suicide.
A community health nurse is providing specialized care to patients in the home setting. What kind of specialized care may this nurse be providing? (Select all that apply.) a. Glucose monitoring b. Heparin therapy c. Family education d. Total parenteral nutrition e. Provision of referral services
ANS: A, B, D Glucose monitoring, heparin therapy, and total parenteral nutrition are categorized as specialized care that may be provided by the community health nurse. Family education and provision of referral are categorized as therapeutic care.
What factors have played a role in meeting the goals of Healthy People 2030 as it relates the goals for outcomes of pregnancy? (Select all that apply.) a. Early prenatal care b. Increased number of surgical births c. NICU care d. Use of prenatal glucocorticoids e. Fetal surgery
ANS: A, C, D, E Early prenatal care, fetal surgery, use of prenatal glucocorticoids, technology, and NICU care have played a role in increasing the positive outcome of pregnancy, and the goals of Healthy People 2030 may well be met. Increase in surgical births and multiple gestations do not work toward meeting the goals of Healthy People 2030.
How does electronic charting ensure comprehensive charting more effectively than handwritten charting? a. Provides a uniform style of chart b. Requires certain responses before allowing the user to progress c. All documentation is reflective of the nursing care plan. d. Requires a daily audit by the charge nurse
ANS: B Comprehensive electronic documentation is ensured by requiring specific input in designated categories before the user can progress through the system.
How does the clinical pathway or critical pathway improve quality of care? a. Lists diagnosis-specific implementations b. Outlines expected progress with stated timelines c. Prioritizes effective nursing diagnoses d. Describes common complications
ANS: B Critical pathways outline expected progress with stated timelines. Any deviation from those timelines is called a variance
Which medical pioneer discovered the relationship between the incidence of puerperal fever and unwashed hands? a. Karl Credé b. Ignaz Semmelweis c. Louis Pasteur d. Joseph Lister
ANS: B Ignaz Semmelweis deduced that puerperal fever was septic, contagious, and transmitted by the unwashed hands of physicians and medical students.
. How many hours of hospital stay does legislation currently allow for a postpartum patient who has delivered vaginally without complications? a. 24 b. 48 c. 36 d. 72
ANS: B Postpartum patients who deliver vaginally stay in the hospital for an average of 48 hours; patients who have had a cesarean delivery usually stay 4 days.
A nursing student on an obstetric rotation questions the floor nurse about the definition of the LVN/LPN scope of practice. What resource can the nurse suggest to the student? a. American Nurses Association b. State's board of nursing c. Joint Commission d. Association of Women's Health, Obstetric and Neonatal Nurses
ANS: B The scope of practice of the LVN/LPN is published by the state's board of nursing.
Practical nursing students are using critical thinking skills to study for an upcoming test. What will these students include when studying? (Select all that apply.) a. Memorization of facts first b. Prioritizing information c. Relating facts to other facts d. Making assumptions e. Reviewing before the test
ANS: B, C, E Using critical thinking when studying involves understanding facts before memorizing, prioritizing information to be memorized, relating facts to other facts, using all five senses, reviewing before tests, and reading critically. Critical thinking does not involve assumption as does general thinking.
A pregnant woman who has recently immigrated to the United States comments to the nurse, "I am afraid of childbirth. It is so dangerous. I am afraid I will die." What is the best nursing response reflecting cultural sensitivity? a. "Maternal mortality in the United States is extremely low." b. "Anesthesia is available to relieve pain during labor and childbirth." c. "Tell me why you are afraid of childbirth." d. "Your condition will be monitored during labor and delivery."
ANS: C Asking the patient about her concerns helps promote understanding and individualizes patient care.
7. What was the result of research done in the 1930s by the Children's Bureau? a. Children with heart problems are now cared for by pediatric cardiologists. b. The Child Abuse and Prevention Act was passed. c. Hot lunch programs were established in many schools. d. Children's asylums were founded.
ANS: C School hot lunch programs were developed as a result of research by the Children's Bureau on the effects of economic depression on children.
A nursing student has reviewed a hospitalized pediatric patient chart, interviewed her mother, and collected admission data. What is the next step the student will take to develop a nursing care plan for this child? a. Identify measurable outcomes with a timeline. b. Choose specific nursing interventions for the child. c. Determine appropriate nursing diagnoses. d. State nursing actions related to the child's medical diagnosis.
ANS: C The nurse uses assessment data to select appropriate nursing diagnoses from the NANDA-I list. Outcomes and interventions are then developed to address the relevant nursing diagnoses.
What term appropriately describes the nurse who is able to adapt health care practices to meet the needs of various cultures? a. Culturally aware b. Culturally sensitive c. Culturally competent d. Culturally adaptive
ANS: C The nurse who is able to adapt health care to meet the needs of various cultures is said to be culturally competent.
Student practical nurses are discussing the North American Nursing Diagnosis Association International (NANDA-I) taxonomy in post conference on the acute care clinical setting. The students are aware that the role of the LPN with nursing diagnosis formulation is what? a. To initiate and identify nursing diagnosis specific to patient b. To update changes in nursing diagnosis as needed c. To have an understanding of nursing diagnosis terminology d. To accurately document nursing diagnosis on patient plan of care
ANS: C The registered nurse is responsible to initiate, identify, update, and document nursing diagnoses. The licensed practical nurse is responsible to have an understanding of nursing diagnosis terminology.